梅山高炉水力冲渣工艺的改造

梅山高炉冲渣在第三代高炉大修时采用了沉淀式过滤法,投产使用２年多以来,效果很好。全公司每年节水 ５ ０５０ ｍ３,节省流失的水渣约 ３万多 ｔ,水循环率自 ４２％提高到 ９０％以上,运行稳定可靠;水质澄清,社会效益、经济效益都比较显著。     

热风炉冷风分布计算机模拟

应用紊流三维数学模型模拟内燃式热风炉内冷风在格子砖柱中的分布,讨论了加设不同宽度不同布置的导流板对气流分布的影响,寻求改善其分布的途径.     

涟钢高炉有害元素的分布与控制

研究分析了K,Na,Pb,Zn,Cu,As,Sn等有害元素在涟钢高炉炉料及产品中的分布情况。以光学显微镜、荧光分析仪、扫描电镜等仪器研究了有害元素在烧结矿、球团矿、块矿、焦炭、生铁、炉渣中的分布形态及其在富集载体渣皮、耐火材料、死铁层中的分布情况。同时,对高炉主要原燃料及产品中有害元素与其他元素的相关性进行了分析,并提出了一些控制高炉有害元素危害的方法与原则。     

改性含钛高炉渣中钙钛矿浮选分离工艺研究

为了实现攀钢含钛高炉渣中钛组分的有效回收,对其进行了化学组分的调整和高温选择性析出处理,在此基础上,进行了改性渣中主要矿物的浮选、人工混合矿浮选、改性渣浮选等研究。结果表明,辛基异羟肟酸(OHA)对三种矿物表现出一定的捕收能力和选择性;捕收剂与抑制剂用量对浮选效果未有明显效果,且耗酸量较大;通过SEM和EDX分析表明,各矿物表面被针状硫酸钙覆盖导致捕收剂与抑制剂对矿物的作用效果减弱,因此需要寻求较为有效的表面处理剂对改性渣处理后再进行浮选分离。     

减少高炉煤气放损的措施

高炉煤气大量放散是钢铁厂普遍存在的难题，本文介绍鞍钢在管理和技术措施方面的一些具体做法。鞍钢高炉煤气小时产量约１８５万ｍ３，在没有煤气贮柜，缓冲机动用户能力又有限的条件下，１９９５年放散率仅为２．３７％。     

2×750 m3高炉冷风保安系统

介绍了2×750m3高炉冷风保安系统工艺流程、设计选型计算、可行性分析及实施效果。     

高炉拨风系统在水钢3~#、4~#高炉的应用实践

介绍了水钢3#、4#高炉拨风系统的工艺,进行了3#、4#高炉互拨风的可行性分析,并进行了系统的改造。经过5个月的试运行,实现了3#、4#高炉的互拨风,较好地解决了灌渣问题,取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Effect of Direct Reduced Iron on Oxygen Distribution between Slag and Bath in Electric Arc Furnaces

Test charges containing 40 to 95% direct reduced iron (DRI) were melted in two identical electric arc furnaces. Slag and the corresponding metal samples were collected from the furnace in the course of the steelmaking process and from the ladle after deoxidation and composition adjustment. The temperature was measured just before sampling. The activity coefficient and activity of total ferrous oxide in the slag were determined by using the theory of regular ionic solutions. The activity was used to assess the oxygen concentration in the metal. The effect of slag composition on Fe_tO activity coefficient and activity was investigated. The enthalpy of solution of total ferrous oxide in the slag was found to be 78 kJmol^?1. The ratio of activity to concentration of Fe_tO is equal to 0.0138. The effects of DRI proportion and degree of metallization on α^Fe,O were investigated. The activity coefficients of oxygen and carbon in the bath are 0.7243 and 1.0825, respectively. The activity coefficient and activity of oxygen in the metal decrease with increasing carbon concentration, carbon activity coefficient and activity. An “oxide capacity” has been developed which does not need the use of α^Fe,O. It correlates strongly with temperature over the range from 1500 to 1670°C. The basicity has only a small influence compared with the large temperature effect. The oxide capacity increases with growing DRI proportion and decreases with increasing metallization between 93.43 and 95.25%. Oxygen distribution between slag and metal was assessed by using the oxide capacity. Calculated values compare well with the corresponding data obtained from slag and metal analyses. The oxide capacity can be used in monitoring the steelmaking operation.     

Cold Simulation of Oxygen Transfer Rate in BOF

 By measuring the mass transfer coefficient of between water and oil, the oxygen transfer rate of bath in the BOF smelting process is researched, and the influence of top and bottom blowing gas flow rate on the mechanism of mass transfer between metal and slag is discussed. The results show that when the bottom blowing gas flow rate increases on the conditions of top blowing, the mass transfer rate evidently increases, and the influence ratio of top blowing on the mass transfer is 10 percent of bottom blowing; The relation among top gas flow rate, bottom gas flow rate and lance height are established by the stirring power density. The equation between the mass transfer coefficient between metal and slag is formed, which furnishes reference for optimizing process parameters of BOF. The relation between the emulsification ratio between water and oil and the bottom blowing gas flow rate on the condition of top and bottom blowing is obtained. The result shows that with the increase of the bottom blowing gas flow rate the emulsification ratio increases in linearity, which increases the mass transfer rate of benzoic acid between water and oil.     

国产TRT发电机组在马钢高炉上的应用

介绍了马钢高炉煤气能量回收透平发电系统(TRT)自2000年9月投产后的运行情况，经过一断时间的实践运行证明，该国产机组工艺合理、投资少、见效快，节能降耗效果显著，环保社会效应高。     

Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow in a Square Duct: Analysis of Secondary Flows

A direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow in a square duct was performed for a Reynolds number based on bulk streamwise velocity and duct height equal to 4,440. The mechanism by which secondary flows are generated in a square duct was investigated. Two counterrotating secondary flows occur around the duct corner. These secondary flows were found to play a key role in momentum transfer between the corner and center of the duct. A conditional quadrant analysis was performed in the local maximum and minimum regions of the wall shear stress in order to characterize the pattern of the mean secondary flows.     

鼓风管对热风炉鼓风室气流分布的影响

利用计算流体力学方法研究了鼓风管数目和布置方式对高炉内燃式热风炉鼓风室内冷风气流分布的影响。由k-e双方程湍流模型建立了数学模型,并采用SIMPLE算法进行计算。模拟结果表明：不论是单管鼓风还是双管鼓风,都存在着比较严重的“偏流”现象;中心单鼓风管鼓风比偏侧单鼓风管鼓风更有利于鼓风室内气流分布;对称双鼓风管鼓风比单鼓风管鼓风更有利于鼓风室内气流的均匀。     

高炉炉渣化渣剂技术应用生产试验

方大特钢炼铁厂通过在3号高炉进行化渣剂技术生产试验,发现该技术能够改善高炉炉渣的流动性、促进渣铁分离、提高金属铁的回收率.同时,铁沟、渣沟清洁状况改善,炉前作业人员劳动强度明显减轻.目前,该技术已在3号高炉得到使用.     

攀钢高炉锌平衡测定

对攀钢1、2号高炉的原燃料、生铁、炉渣、瓦斯泥、净煤气灰尘和出铁场烟尘进行了取样，根据试样化验的锌含量，结合高炉生产数据对攀钢1、2号高炉进行了锌平衡计算，分析了锌在高炉各收入项和支出项中的分布。结果表明：攀钢高炉的锌负荷很高，对高炉的正常生产造成严重危胁；入炉原料是攀钢高炉锌的主要来源，是造成攀钢高炉锌负荷高的主要原因：支出的锌主要通过炉顶随高炉煤气排出，绝大部分进入瓦斯泥。     

Characteristics of Metal Droplets in Slag Tapped from the Blast Furnace

Slag samples, hot‐metal samples and hot‐metal temperatures were obtained during tapping of two blast furnaces. Sampling was carried out at different time points during tapping of three separate heats. The size distribution and composition of metal droplets found in the slag were determined using scanning electron microscopy. Only metal droplets above 0.75 μm could be counted and analysed. All droplets were below 8 μm in diameter and the great majority of these droplets were found to be between 0.75 and 2 μm. The size distribution did not differ significantly for different slag samples. Iron was the main droplet component. Electron probe microanalysis showed that the droplets contained small amounts of carbon. The percentage of the area in a studied cross‐section that was covered with metal droplets varied between 0.01 and 0.07%. Calculations based on Stoke's law showed that the distance droplets travel in the slag is in the micron range. Slag samples taken in the beginning of slag tapping contained more droplets than those taken in the middle of slag tapping, an indication that most droplets can be found in the area near the furnace wall. Some droplets were determined to have magnesium enrichment at the external surface.     

马钢高炉的锌平衡及控制措施

对马钢新区A高炉入炉原燃料、炉渣、粉尘,污泥等方面进行取样分析,测定了样品的wZn,并结合高炉实际生产数据对A高炉做了锌平衡计算。结果表明:在高炉正常的冶炼条件下,进出高炉的锌的总量基本上保持平衡;入炉原燃料中,以烧结矿带入的锌最多,可以达到50%以上,而在锌的支出方面则主要通过污泥,几乎可达到支出总量的70%左右。为了控制高炉锌负荷、合理的减少由于锌的循环富集而对高炉生产造成的各种危害,文章将从入炉原燃料的选用、高炉操作制度以及耐火材料的选择等方面给出合理的建议,使其更好的为高炉生产服务。     

Cold Model of Coal Gas Component Concentration Distribution in Blast Furnace Raceway

Primary distribution of coal gas in blast furnace raceway has an important effect on blast furnace ironmak-ing process. The coal gas component concentration distribution was studied experimentally using a three-dimensional cold model. The results showed that CH_4 concentration diminishes along with the height increasing on vertical sec-tion of raceway, and the concentration is the highest in the bottom of raceway. CH_4 concentration increases gradually along the raceway depth with the lowest concentration value in front of the tuyere. The distribution of CH_4 concen-tration has different characteristics in different raceway zones.     

高炉喷吹煤气对成渣过程的影响

向高炉喷吹富氢煤气代替喷煤对高炉成渣过程产生重要的影响.对喷吹煤气后高炉的成渣过程进行了模拟研究,结果表明:FeO的含量决定了初渣的性能.在炉腹区域,氢气具有很强的还原能力,渣中FeO含量迅速减少,但同时炉渣成分快速接近终渣成分,使炉腹渣仍具有较好的熔化性和流动性.由于没有未燃煤粉和煤粉灰分的加入,初渣到终渣的成分变化较小,改善了喷煤气高炉的成渣过程.     

国产高温高压汽动鼓风机组在大高炉上的应用实践

安钢3#高炉配套鼓风站AV100-18汽动鼓风机组采取一系列工艺技术措施优化配置,并成功实现国产风机的定风量定风压运行,投运以来,安全经济,稳定可靠,技术优势和经济效益显著。     

贫煤在大型高炉喷吹的实践

主要介绍山西潞安地区的一种贫煤的工艺性质及其在宝钢大型高炉喷吹应用的实践。贫煤是较为丰富的资源,工艺性质除挥发分略高外,灰分、硫分、发热值等指标都与常用无烟煤接近,其爆炸性及结焦性也符合高炉喷吹要求。在大型高炉做喷吹试验时,逐步提高配比,跟踪各项生产指标,高炉喷吹生产反映良好,表明贫煤可替代无烟煤混合喷吹。同时根据贫煤的资源量和使用范围,使用贫煤具有良好的经济效益。