有机薄膜太阳能电池研究进展

有机太阳能电池已越来越引起人们的重视。为了改善有机太阳能电池的性能，各种研究工作正在进行，这些研究主要是为了寻找新的材料，优化器件结构。本文对有机太阳能电池的发展以及未来的发展趋势作了简要描述。     

纳微米聚（3，4-二氧乙基噻吩）导电高分子的合成及其性能研究

在导电高分子家族中，聚（3，4-二氧乙基噻吩）（PEDOT）由于具有高的电导率、环境稳定性、透明性以及良好的成膜性等优异性能而广泛地应用于有机电致发光器件、太阳能电池、防静电、电致变色器件、传感器等领域．本论文研究了绝缘高分子聚乙二醇（PEG）和乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇等有机极性溶剂提高PEDOT／PSS（聚苯乙烯磺酸钠）电导率的机理，并通过改变稳定剂、掺杂剂等因素制备了具有不同结构和性能的PEDOT胶体颗粒以及PEDOT／PMMA（聚甲基丙烯酸酯）复合微球，取得了以下主要的创新性结果。     

有机光电高分子材料研究热点和前沿分析

基于基本科学指标数据库（ESI）的高被引论文,通过热点文献、CiteSpace分析工具得到的热点关键词对应的文献分析,得出有机光电高分子材料主要关注点为有机太阳能电池。有机太阳能电池的研究热点为：高性能活性层材料的设计合成;高性能界面材料的设计合成及其界面调控性能的研究;电池器件中有机半导体活性层表界面的可控掺杂;有机太阳能电池活性层能量损失研究。通过高被引论文的共被引分析,关键词突变探测技术和算法对词频的变动趋势分析,得出有机光电高分子领域最新关注前沿：高效太阳能电池的制备;非富勒稀受体的研究;有机半导体材料的设计合成;结构-性能研究;加工及应用性能。有机光电高分子材料研究活跃的前沿领域：高效全聚合物太阳能电池;三元有机太阳能电池;高效的倒置型太阳能电池;超高迁移率的透明有机薄膜晶体管;高迁移率场效应晶体管;二维共轭聚合物;聚合物半导体等。有机太阳能电池研究前沿主题演化趋势：从聚噻吩给体体系——新型给体-受体体系;单层——双层——本体异质结电池结构;富勒烯受 体——非富勒烯受体;高效及稳定性器件发展。本文创新性地将文献计量分析方法同文献具体内容分析相结合,通过大量的高质量文献内容分析,使得出的研究热点和前沿更具体和接近实际情况,为相关科研人员提供有益参考。     

国外动态

低成本固态有机太阳能电池研制成功利用染料收集阳光、使用二氧化钛（ＴｉＯ２）作半导体的太阳能电池可望替代昂贵的硅晶片太阳能电池。近年来,使用液体电解质的染料增敏太阳能电池的光电转换效率得到惊人的提高。由瑞士联邦技术学院物理化学教授ＭｉｃｈａｅｌＧｒａ¨...     

日本MGC开发光电子元件用透明聚酰亚胺膜

意法合资的意法半导体（ST Microelectronics）、中国台湾台达电子（Delta Electronics）和台湾旺能光电（DelSolar）3家公司在太阳能电池领域展开合作。今后将携手增加太阳能电池的产量，并开发太阳能电池逆变器等产品。太阳能电池已进入成长期，到2010年以后，中国、印度、韩国等将成为重要市场。     

设计和合成自组装单层材料作为有机太阳能电池的空穴传输层

本论文以苯类和噻吩类化合物为基础,利用简单的有机合成方法制备了一种自组装单层（SAMs）空穴传输层材料。该材料具有良好的溶液加工性和空气稳定性,能够有效地提高有机太阳能电池的性能。使用该材料作为空穴传输层的有机太阳能电池光电转换效率达到了15.06%。这项工作展示了SAMs型空穴传输层材料在有机半导体领域的巨大潜力。     

基于Y6小分子性能优化策略综述

随着给体和受体材料的不断发展，有机太阳能电池的光电转换效率逐步提升。尤其是稠环受体小分子Y6的合成，使单节有机太阳能电池的效率独创新高，突破了15%。目前Y6已经应用于有机太阳能电池，并都取得了可观的成绩。进一步提高有机太阳能电池的光电转换效率，使其商业化是我们一直追求的目标。本综述主要总结了从不同方面优化Y6基受体小分子，提高OSC的光电转化效率。包括调整Y6结构，选择新的供体以及器件工程。     

缓冲层在有机太阳能电池中的应用

有机太阳能电池的有机活化层与阴、阳极接触界面的性质对器件性能起着重要的作用。本文综述了近年来有机太阳能电池中使用的阴、阳极界面缓冲材料的类型和工作机制。结果表明,阴、阳极缓冲层的界面修饰对太阳能电池的能量转换效率、寿命和稳定性具有决定性的影响。因此,缓冲层的特性研究对器件结构的改进和性能优化具有一定的指导意义。该研究为其它缓冲层材料在有机太阳能电池中的成功应用提供了有益的实验思路。     

廉价太阳能电池

廉价太阳能电池美国能源部（ＤＯＥ）最近公布一份关于薄膜型太阳能电池的资料，它是用非晶形硅合金制成，价格只有现有太阳能电池的一半，太阳能转化为电能的价格是２５．５０美分／千瓦时（ｋｗｈ），大量生产可以到１６美分／千瓦时这是由能源部基金资助的Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ...     

薄膜太阳能电池研究进展

薄膜太阳能电池是缓解能源危机的新型光伏器件。综述了硅基薄膜太阳能电池、CdTe薄膜太阳能电池、CIS（CIGS）薄膜太阳能电池、TiO2薄膜太阳能电池、ZnO薄膜太阳能电池和有机薄膜太阳能电池的研究现状,展望了太阳能电池的发展趋势。     

酞菁分子结构特征对复合凝胶玻璃体系光限幅性能的影响

用溶胶凝胶法将2组具有不同分子结构特征的酞菁配合物分别植入二氧化硅凝胶基质,制备均匀掺杂的复合凝胶玻璃,并对其光限幅性能进行测试。研究结果表明:掺杂酞菁分子结构特征对其复合体系的光限幅性能有显著影响。掺杂无金属酞菁(phthalocyanine, H2Pc)和不同金属酞菁配合物(metallophthalocyanine, MPc)的硅氧凝胶玻璃,其光限幅效应随中心离子不同而异,并依 H相似文献   

Metallophthalocyanine/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by solution blow spinning technique for enhanced photocatalytic activity by visible light

A novel photocatalyst, nano-sized zinc and cobalt phthalocyanines (MPc), are anchored on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in the presence or absence of TiO₂ and the process was realized with an innovative solution blow spinning (SBS) method for the first time. Novel nanofiber composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. According to the SEM micrographs, the immobilization of nano-Pcs on the surface of PAN nanofibers was uniform and does not involve agglomeration. The MPc/PAN composite yielded nearly complete degradation of methylene blue (MB) of a highly photocatalytic nature. It was also found that the presence of TiO₂ on MPc/PAN composite have no effect on photodegradation of MB. Also, the recycling of new photocatalysts required as little change as possible owing to their macroscopic structure and their flexible nature.     

Potential Therapeutic Agents against Paclitaxel—And Sorafenib-Resistant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid carcinoma, a disease in which malignant cells form in the thyroid tissue, is the most common endocrine carcinoma, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounting for nearly 80% of total thyroid carcinoma cases. However, the management of metastatic or recurrent therapy-refractory PTC is challenging and requires complex carcinoma therapy. In this study, we proposed a new clinical approach for the treatment of therapy-refractory PTC. We identified sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) as an essential factor for the survival of PTC cells refractory to the treatment with paclitaxel or sorafenib. We validated its use as a potential target for developing drugs against resistant PTC, by using patient-derived paclitaxel- or sorafenib-resistant PTC cells. We further discovered novel SERCA inhibitors, candidates 7 and 13, using the evolutionary chemical binding similarity method. These novel SERCA inhibitors determined a substantial reduction of tumors in a patient-derived xenograft tumor model developed using paclitaxel- or sorafenib-resistant PTC cells. These results could provide a basis for clinically meaningful progress in the treatment of refractory PTC by identifying a novel therapeutic strategy: using a combination therapy between sorafenib or paclitaxel and specific SERCA inhibitors for effectively and selectively targeting extremely malignant cells such as antineoplastic-resistant and carcinoma stem-like cells.     

microRNA与甲状腺乳头状癌相关性分析

目的 筛选甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)显著差异表达的microRNA(miRNA),分析其与PTC 发病机制的相关性.方法 选取确诊的PTC 癌组织及癌旁正常组织样本各6 份,提取总RNA,采用转录组测序技术,筛选显著差异表达的miRNA,预测其靶基因并进行基因功能(...     

Effects of Anti-Cancer Drug Sensitivity-Related Genetic Differences on Therapeutic Approaches in Refractory Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer (TC) includes tumors of follicular cells; it ranges from well differentiated TC (WDTC) with generally favorable prognosis to clinically aggressive poorly differentiated TC (PDTC) and undifferentiated TC (UTC). Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a WDTC and the most common type of thyroid cancer that comprises almost 70–80% of all TC. PTC can present as a solid, cystic, or uneven mass that originates from normal thyroid tissue. Prognosis of PTC is excellent, with an overall 10-year survival rate >90%. However, more than 30% of patients with PTC advance to recurrence or metastasis despite anti-cancer therapy; consequently, systemic therapy is limited, which necessitates expansion of improved clinical approaches. We strived to elucidate genetic distinctions due to patient-derived anti-cancer drug-sensitive or -resistant PTC, which can support in progress novel therapies. Patients with histologically proven PTC were evaluated. PTC cells were gained from drug-sensitive and -resistant patients and were compared using mRNA-Seq. We aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo synergistic anti-cancer effects of a novel combination therapy in patient-derived refractory PTC. This combination therapy acts synergistically to promote tumor suppression compared with either agent alone. Therefore, genetically altered combination therapy might be a novel therapeutic approach for refractory PTC.     

Comparative electrochemistry and electrocatalytic activities of cobalt, iron and manganese phthalocyanine complexes axially co-ordinated to mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayer at gold electrodes

Comparative surface electrochemistry and electrocatalytic properties of solid ultrathin monolayer films of metallophthalocyanine (MPc) complexes of cobalt (CoPc), iron (FePc) and manganese (MnPc) self-immobilised, via axial ligation reaction, onto preformed 4-mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold electrodes have been described. Surface electrochemical parameters of the modified electrodes showed that these MPc-SAMs are densely packed with flat orientations. The electrochemical, electrocatalytic and stability properties of these MPc complexes follow this order: FePc > MnPc > CoPc. This finding is remarkable as it suggests that the success of using this method of self-assembling of MPc onto gold electrode is largely dependent on the bond distance between the pyridine linker and the central metal of the MPc; the shorter the distance, the faster the co-ordination and the better the electrocatalytic properties towards l-cysteine and thiocyanate. Thus, the superiority of FePc-based SAM over those of the MnPc and CoPc, has been proposed to be the result of the more favorable axial co-ordination properties of FePc with pyridine (i.e. shorter Fe-N(pyridine) bond length.     

Early Osteogenic Marker Expression in hMSCs Cultured onto Acid Etching-Derived Micro- and Nanotopography 3D-Printed Titanium Surfaces

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) titanium composite (PTC) is a novel interbody fusion device that combines a PEEK core with titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) endplates. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro biological reactivity of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) to micro- and nanotopographies produced by an acid-etching process on the surface of 3D-printed PTC endplates. Optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the surface roughness and identify the nano-features of etched or unetched PTC endplates, respectively. The viability, morphology and the expression of specific osteogenic markers were examined after 7 days of culture in the seeded cells. Haralick texture analysis was carried out on the unseeded endplates to correlate surface texture features to the biological data. The acid-etching process modified the surface roughness of the 3D-printed PTC endplates, creating micro- and nano-scale structures that significantly contributed to sustaining the viability of hBM-MSCs and triggering the expression of early osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity and bone-ECM protein production. Finally, the topography of 3D-printed PTC endplates influenced Haralick’s features, which in turn correlated with the expression of two osteogenic markers, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Overall, these data demonstrate that the acid-etching process of PTC endplates created a favourable environment for osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs and may potentially have clinical benefit.     

Sinomenine Hydrochloride Promotes TSHR-Dependent Redifferentiation in Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Radioactive iodine (RAI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The curative effects of RAI therapy are not only related to radiosensitivity but also closely related to the accumulation of radionuclides in the lesion in PTC. Sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) can suppress tumor growth and increase radiosensitivity in several tumor cells, including PTC. The aim of this research was to investigate the therapeutic potential of SH on PTC cell redifferentiation. In this study, we treated BCPAP and TPC-1 cells with SH and tested the expression of thyroid differentiation-related genes. RAI uptake caused by SH-pretreatment was also evaluated. The results indicate that 4 mM SH significantly inhibited proliferation and increased the expression of the thyroid iodine-handling gene compared with the control group (p < 0.005), including the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). Furthermore, SH also upregulated the membrane localization of NIS and RAI uptake. We further verified that upregulation of NIS was associated with the activation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. In conclusion, SH can inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, promote redifferentiation, and then increase the efficacy of RAI therapy in PTC cells. Thus, our results suggest that SH could be useful as an adjuvant therapy in combination with RAI therapy in PTC.     

Inhibition of BMI-1 Induces Apoptosis through Downregulation of DUB3-Mediated Mcl-1 Stabilization

BMI-1, a polycomb ring finger oncogene, is highly expressed in multiple cancer cells and is involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. BMI-1 represents a cancer stemness marker that is associated with the regulation of stem cell self-renewal. In this study, pharmacological inhibition (PTC596) or knockdown (siRNA) of BMI-1 reduced cancer stem-like cells and enhanced cancer cell death. Mechanistically, the inhibition of BMI-1 induced the downregulation of Mcl-1 protein, but not Mcl-1 mRNA. PTC596 downregulated Mcl-1 protein expression at the post-translational level through the proteasome-ubiquitin system. PTC596 and BMI-1 siRNA induced downregulation of DUB3 deubiquitinase, which was strongly linked to Mcl-1 destabilization. Furthermore, overexpression of Mcl-1 or DUB3 inhibited apoptosis by PTC596. Taken together, our findings reveal that the inhibition of BMI-1 induces Mcl-1 destabilization through downregulation of DUB3, resulting in the induction of cancer cell death.