具有强匿名性的网关口令认证密钥交换协议

网关口令认证密钥交换协议允许用户和网关在服务器的协助下建立起一个共享的会话密钥,其中用户和服务器之间的认证通过低熵的口令来完成.已有的网关口令认证密钥交换协议对用户的匿名性研究不足.该文基于Diffie-Hellman密钥交换提出了具有强匿名性的网关口令认证密钥交换协议,并且在随机预言模型下基于标准的DDH假设证明了协议的安全性.新协议可以抵抗不可检测在线字典攻击并且计算效率高,安全性和计算效率都优于已有的同类协议.     

对TAKASIP协议的分析和改进

会话初始化协议(SIP)提供了认证和协商会话密钥,能保证后续会话的安全。2010年,Yoon等(YOON E-J,YOO K-Y.A three-factor authenticated key agreement scheme for SIP on elliptic curves.NSS'10:4th International Conference on Network and System Security.Piscataway:IEEE,2010:334-339)提出一种新的三要素SIP认证密钥协商协议TAKASIP。但TAKASIP协议不能抵抗内部攻击、服务器伪装攻击、离线口令猜测攻击、身份冒充攻击和丢失标记攻击,并且没有提供双向认证。在TAKASIP协议基础上提出一种基于椭圆曲线密码三要素SIP认证协议ETAKASIP以解决上述问题。ETAKASIP基于椭圆曲线离散对数难题和椭圆曲线密码系统,提供了高安全性。该协议只需7次椭圆曲线点乘运算、1次椭圆曲线加法运算和最高6次哈希运算,有较高的运算效率。     

一种使用扩展混沌映射的基于生物特征密钥协商协议

认证密钥协商协议是两个或多个用户产生一个共享的安全会话密钥.在开放的网络中,用户可以使用共享的会话密钥加密/解密消息达到安全通信.近来,基于生物特征和口令的远程认证方案得到研究者的广泛关注.受到切比雪夫映射的半群特性和基于混沌映射的密钥协商协议启发,本文提出一种使用扩展混沌映射的基于生物特征密钥协商协议.新协议没有采用模指数运算或者椭圆曲线的点乘运算.安全性分析表明,新协议具有显著特征并且能抵抗各类攻击,包括特权用户攻击,重放攻击,口令猜测攻击等.性能分析表明,与其它相关协议比较,新协议的计算复杂度较低.     

基于椭圆曲线的加密密钥交换协议

加密密钥交换协议(EKE)的目的是利用安全性低的口令协商安全性高的密钥,进而利用密钥对以后的通信进行加密或身份认证,从而实现安全通信.基于验证元的EKE是针对服务器泄露攻击问题提出的.本文基于椭圆曲线密码系统的特点,给出了一个基于验证元的3EKE,该协议中,服务器通过口令实现对用户的认证;协议能够抵抗服务器泄露等攻击,...     

基于混沌映射的用户匿名三方口令认证密钥协商协议

在基于混沌的三方口令认证密钥协商协议中,用户通过低熵的口令实现相互认证和共享会话密钥,以避免在身份认证过程中公钥基础设施或存储用户长期密钥的安全威胁。通过分析Lee提出的基于混沌映射的口令认证密钥协商协议,发现其协议不能进行口令变更,而且仅适用于用户和服务器之间的两方通信。为了改进此方案,提出两个基于切比雪夫混沌映射的用户匿名三方口令认证密钥协商协议,包括基于时钟同步的密钥协商方案和基于随机数的密钥协商方案。其中基于时钟同步的用户匿名三方口令认证密钥协商协议通信量少,基于随机数的用户匿名三方口令认证密钥协商协议更容易实现。两个方案的优点是用户仅选择一个简单的口令进行相互认证和密钥协商,服务器不需要再保护用户口令表,避免了口令相关的攻击,而且在相互认证过程中用户使用临时身份和哈希函数,实现用户匿名性,在增强协议安全性的同时,减少了通信过程中消息的数量,提高了协议的执行效率,具有完美前向安全,并用BAN逻辑证明了其安全性。     

改进的跨域口令认证密钥交换协议

描述一个跨域口令认证密钥交换协议,在其基础上对跨域C2C-PAKE协议的安全模型进行改进。通过引入公钥密码体制,结合离散对数高可靠等特点,提出改进的跨域口令认证密钥交换协议。该协议步骤简单,具有语义安全性、密钥保密性,实现了服务器与用户之间的双向认证,能对抗不可检测在线字典攻击等常见攻击。安全性分析表明该协议是安全有效的。     

对两个口令认证密钥交换协议的安全性分析

口令认证密钥交换协议使得仅共享低熵口令的用户可以通过不安全的信道安全地协商出高熵的会话密钥,由于实用性较强受到了密码学研究者的广泛关注。对最近在“标准模型下高效的基于口令认证密钥协商协议”一文中提出的协议以及在“基于验证元的三方口令认证密钥交换协议”一文中提出的协议进行了分析,指出这两个口令认证密钥交换协议都是不安全的,难于抵抗离线字典攻击,进一步分析了原协议设计或安全性证明中被疏忽之处。     

一种基于ECC口令认证的RFID认证协议

为了确保RFID系统中用户安全风险、隐私及数据安全,分析了相关RFID协议的安全性问题,利用椭圆曲线离散对数问题的难解性,结合一次性口令OTP,提出了一种基于ECC口令认证的RFID双向认证协议。该协议实现了密钥同步更新,读写器与标签、标签与服务器之间的双向认证,有效地抵抗了重放、伪装、流量分析及跟踪等攻击。协议能很好地保护用户的隐私和数据的安全,具有密钥长度短、计算量小及安全性高等特点。     

基于口令的远程身份认证及密钥协商协议

基于口令的身份认证协议是研究的热点。分析了一个低开销的基于随机数的远程身份认证协议的安全性,指出了该协议的安全缺陷。构造了一个基于随机数和Hash函数、使用智能卡的远程身份认证和密钥协商协议：PUAKP协议。该协议使用随机数,避免了使用时戳带来的重放攻击的潜在风险。该协议允许用户自主选择和更改口令,实现了双向认证,有较小的计算开销;能够抵御中间人攻击;具有口令错误敏感性、口令的主机非透明性和强安全修复性;生成的会话密钥具有新鲜性、机密性、已知密钥安全性和前向安全性。     

基于验证元的三方口令认证密钥交换协议

三方口令认证密钥交换协议使2个分别与可信服务器共享不同口令的用户建立起秘密的会话密钥.这类协议的优点是用户只需要记忆一个口令就可以与其他注册用户进行通信,因而三方口令认证密钥交换协议更适用于大规模的端到端通信.现有的大多数三方口令认证密钥交换协议均基于随机谕言模型来实现,只有少数协议不依赖服务器拥有公钥,而且在标准模型下是可证明安全的.另外多数协议中的口令以明文的形式存储在服务器上,服务器信息泄露将对用户和服务器的数据安全带来极大的危害.在标准模型下,使用平滑投影Hash函数设计了一个基于验证元的三方口令认证密钥交换协议,并证明了协议的安全性.此协议满足抵抗服务器泄露、不可检测的在线字典攻击和密钥私密性等安全属性.     

A new provably secure authentication and key agreement protocol for SIP using ECC

SIP has been chosen as the protocol for multimedia application in 3G mobile networks. The authentication mechanism proposed in SIP specification is HTTP digest based authentication, which allows malicious parties to impersonate other parties or to charge calls to others, furthermore, other security problems, such as off-line password guessing attacks and server spoofing, are also needed to be solved. This paper proposes a new authenticated key exchange protocol NAKE, which can solve the existing problems in the original proposal. The NAKE protocol is probably secure in CK security model, thus it inherits the corresponding security attributes in CK security model.     

A secure and efficient ECC-based user anonymity-preserving session initiation authentication protocol using smart card

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling communications protocol, which has been chosen for controlling multimedia communication in 3G mobile networks. The proposed authentication in SIP is HTTP digest based authentication. Recently, Tu et al. presented an improvement of Zhang et al.’s smart card-based authenticated key agreement protocol for SIP. Their scheme efficiently resists password guessing attack. However, in this paper, we analyze the security of Tu et al.’s scheme and demonstrate their scheme is still vulnerable to user’s impersonation attack, server spoofing attack and man-in-the middle attack. We aim to propose an efficient improvement on Tu et al.’s scheme to overcome the weaknesses of their scheme, while retaining the original merits of their scheme. Through the rigorous informal and formal security analysis, we show that our scheme is secure against various known attacks including the attacks found in Tu et al.’s scheme. Furthermore, we simulate our scheme for the formal security analysis using the widely-accepted AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) tool and show that our scheme is secure against passive and active attacks including the replay and man-in-the-middle attacks. Additionally, the proposed scheme is comparable in terms of the communication and computational overheads with Tu et al.’s scheme and other related existing schemes.     

Cryptanalysis of Arshad et al.’s ECC-based mutual authentication scheme for session initiation protocol

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has been widely used in the current Internet protocols such as Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP). However, the original SIP authentication scheme was insecure and many researchers tried to propose schemes to overcome the flaws. In the year 2011, Arshad et al. proposed a SIP authentication protocol using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), but their scheme suffered from off-line password guessing attack along with password change pitfalls. To conquer the mentioned weakness, we proposed an ECC-based authentication scheme for SIP. Our scheme only needs to compute four elliptic curve scale multiplications and two hash-to-point operations, and maintains high efficiency. The analysis of security of the ECC-based protocol shows that our scheme is suitable for the applications with higher security requirement.     

基于无证书密钥协商的Kerberos改进协议

Kerberos认证协议容易遭受口令攻击和重放攻击,且需要2次双线性对运算、2次指数运算和1次椭圆曲线上的点乘运算,计算量大。为此,利用高效的无证书密钥协商对Kerberos协议进行改进。用户与认证服务器之间通过使用无证书签密技术抵抗伪造攻击。分析结果证明,改进协议符合密钥协商的6个基本安全要求,满足已知密钥安全性、完美前向安全性、抗未知密钥共享安全性、密钥不可控性、已知会话临时信息安全性,能抵抗口令攻击、重放攻击、中间人攻击及密钥泄漏伪装攻击,并且仅需3次点乘运算,具有较高的效率。     

基于椭圆曲线的跨域端到端口令认证密钥协商协议

跨域端到端口令认证密钥协商协议(C2C-PAKA)的主要目的是使分布在不同域中持有不同口令的两个客户端可以在各自服务器的协助下实现相互认证并协商出共同的会话密钥。本文中,我们基于椭圆曲线上的离散对数问题,在直接通信架构下给出一个跨域的口令认证的密钥协商协议。该协议中,诚实的服务器是不能获取任何关于会话密钥的值。各参与方之间能够实现相互认证。与同类协议比较,该协议具有较小的通信负担和计算负担,更易于实现。此外,协议还能够抵抗字典攻击、口令泄露模仿攻击和未知会话密钥共享攻击等通用攻击类型,同时能够实现前向安全、无密钥控制和已知会话密钥安全等安全属性。     

Cryptanalysis and improvement of a robust smart card secured authentication scheme on SIP using elliptic curve cryptography

The session initiation protocol (SIP) has been receiving a lot of attention to provide security in the Voice over IP (VoIP) in Internet and mobility management. Recently, Yeh et al. proposed a smart card-based authentication scheme for SIP using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). They claimed that their scheme is secure against known security attacks. However, in this paper, we indicate that Yeh et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to off-line password guessing attack, user impersonation attack and server impersonation attack, in the case that the smart card is stolen and the information stored in the smart card is disclosed. As a remedy, we also propose an improved smart card-based authentication scheme which not only conquers the security weaknesses of the related schemes but also provides a reduction in computational cost. The proposed scheme also provides the user anonymity and untraceability, and allows a user to change his/her password without informing the remote server. To show the security of our protocol, we prove its security the random oracle model.     

Provably secure three-party password authenticated key exchange protocol in the standard model

Three-party password authenticated key exchange protocol is a very practical mechanism to establish secure session key through authenticating each other with the help of a trusted server. Most three-party password authenticated key exchange protocols only guarantee security in the random oracle model. However, a random oracle based cryptographic construction may be insecure when the oracle is replaced by real function. Moreover, some previous unknown attacks appear with the advance of the adversary capability. Therefore, a suitable standard model which can imitate a wider variety of attack scenarios for 3PAKE protocol is needed. Aim at resisting dictionary attack, unknown key-share attack and password-compromise impersonation attack, an expanded standard model for 3PAKE protocol is given. Meanwhile, through applying ElGamal encryption scheme and pseudorandom function, a specific three-party password authenticated key exchange protocol is proposed. The security of the proposed protocol is proven in the new standard model. The result shows that the present protocol has stronger security by comparing with other existing protocols, which covers the following security properties: (1) semantic security, (2) key privacy, (3) client-to-server authentication, (4) mutual authentication, (5) resistance to various known attacks, and (6) forward security.