催化热解三聚氰胺合成竹节状氮掺杂碳纳米管

以三聚氰胺为原料、FeCl_2·6H_2O为催化剂前驱体,应用催化热解法制备竹节状氮掺杂碳纳米管,研究了反应温度和FeCl_2·6H_2O添加量对产物物相组成和显微结构的影响.结果表明:当反应温度为650~800℃时,碳纳米管的生成量及长径比均随反应温度的升高先增后降,其最佳反应温度为750℃;在750℃热解时,随着FeCl_2·6H_2O添加量的增加,碳纳米管的生成量和长径比均先增后减,最佳添加量为三聚氰胺质量的0.50%,在此条件下合成的碳纳米管直径为40~50nm,长度为10~15μm,碳纳米管中氮掺杂量(原子分数)为3.42%,其中石墨型氮的物质的量分数为43.1%.     

高温时效对25Cr35Ni-Nb合金碳化物的影响

25Cr35Ni-Nb合金被广泛用作乙烯裂解炉和制氢转化炉炉管材料,服役温度高达1050℃。将25Cr35Ni-Nb合金炉管在不同温度时效100 h,通过对不同温度显微组织的观察和维氏硬度测试,研究了不同温度时效后碳化物的变化规律。研究结果表明：随着时效温度的升高,晶界碳化物宽度不断增大,由原始铸态平均宽度1.5μm,增大到1200℃时效后的5.3μm;从900℃到1100℃,奥氏体晶内碳化物平均尺寸由1μm长大至2μm,然而,随着时效温度提高至1200℃,晶内碳化物平均尺寸下降至1.7μm。当时效温度从900℃增加为1100℃时,维氏硬度从173 HV10升高为192 HV10,1200℃时,维氏硬度为193 HV10。碳化物尺寸及维氏硬度与时效温度之间定量关系对炉管服役温度范围的确定提供了参考。     

通过硝酸镍催化热解酚醛树脂制备碳纳米管

以硝酸镍为催化剂前驱体,通过催化热解酚醛树脂的方法制备了碳纳米管;采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了热解温度和催化剂用量对碳纳米管合成的影响。结果表明:热解温度为400℃时,添加质量分数为0.75%镍的酚醛树脂热解产物中无碳纳米管生成;温度在600~1 000℃时,碳纳米管的生成量及长径比均随温度的升高先增后降,最佳生长温度为800℃;在800℃热解时,随着镍添加量的增加,碳纳米管的生成量和长径比均先增大后减小,最佳添加量为酚醛树脂质量的0.75%,此时碳纳米管的直径为30~60nm,长度可达几十微米。     

温度对X65管线钢CO2腐蚀产物膜结构和力学性能的影响

利用SEM、XRD、能谱仪对不同温度下形成的腐蚀产物膜的形貌、厚度、结构和成分进行分析,利用纳米压痕仪测量腐蚀产物膜的硬度和弹性模量.结果表明,温度对腐蚀产物膜的表面形貌没有明显影响.在65℃到90℃温度范围内,温度对腐蚀产物膜的晶粒尺寸影响不大;115℃时,膜表面的晶粒尺寸不均匀,差别较大.温度对腐蚀产物膜的厚度影响较大,在65℃到115℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,腐蚀产物膜的厚度降低;温度对腐蚀产物膜的表面成分影响不大,不同温度下膜的表面成分均为(Fe,Ca)CO3复盐;在65℃到90℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,腐蚀产物膜的硬度和弹性模量降低,在90℃时出现最低值,温度升高至115℃,膜的硬度和模量又明显升高.     

Mn3O4/垂直排列碳纳米管复合电极材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用水分辅助化学气相沉积方法制备垂直排列碳纳米管(VACNTs),采用超临界二氧化碳辅助浸渍将锰前驱体负载于VACNTs表面,经不同温度(250350℃)真空退火制备Mn_3O_4/VACNTs复合电极材料,研究了该复合电极材料的微观结构和电化学性能。结果表明:在复合电极材料中Mn_3O_4纳米颗粒负载在碳纳米管表面,且当在300℃真空退火后,Mn_3O_4纳米颗粒呈均匀分布,尺寸在610nm;与纯VACNTs相比,复合电极材料的比电容提高了34倍,瓦尔堡阻抗、等效串联电阻和电极/电解质界面的电荷转移电阻均较小;300℃真空退火后,复合电极材料表现出最佳的电化学性能,其最大比电容为168F·g~(-1),且当充放电电流密度从1A·g~(-1)增加到10A·g~(-1)时,比电容保持率达56%,等效串联电阻最小(约2.5Ω)。     

温度对电镀镍铁合金材料性能的影响研究

对镍铁合金材料进行125~450℃保温2h的退火处理,TEM观察结果表明,镍铁合金材料随着热处理温度的升高,晶粒尺寸呈现长大的趋势,当350℃时,晶粒尺寸出现一个突变长大,平均晶粒尺寸200nm。对热处理后的镍铁合金材料进行单向拉伸试验,结果表明,当温度300℃时,合金材料的拉伸强度基本没有发生较大的变化,最高抗拉强度1 700MPa;当温度300℃时,拉伸强度急剧降低。     

节能型RJT-250-8推杆式退火炉

我厂前年投产的RJT-250-8推杆式退火炉用于轴承锻件退火,锻件在炉内运行20小时。全炉分五区加热,第六区为冷却区。该炉最高使用温度为950℃,工艺温度为810℃,600℃以下出炉。炉子外型尺寸为10.7×2×2m,炉膛尺寸为10×1×1m,应用微机对整个系统实行钟控。炉体结构新颖,采用了国内耐火和保温材料新成果,取得了较理想的效果。     

高温全纤维台车式炉

一、设备组成及主要技术参数该炉为高铝质耐火制品、硅酸铝纤维和钢结构。主要由炉体、控温系统和供电系统等三大部分组成。主要技术参数: 额定功率90kW,额定电压380V,额定温度1010℃。炉内温控精度≤±5℃、炉内温区控制6点,炉膛尺寸2100×900×790。二、炉墙炉墙结构见图1。     

Ag-Cu亚稳态合金薄膜的共溅射法制备及其特性研究

采用共溅射法,于不同温度下在玻璃基底上沉积Ag-Cu薄膜。X衍射(XRD)分析表明,当基片温度为100℃和200 ℃时,形成的是Ag-Cu亚稳态合金;而当温度升高到300℃以上时,形成的则是Ag和Cu的分离相。通过X光电子能谱(XPS)法测量不同温度下沉积薄膜的Ag和Cu原子含量比,发现基片加热温度对沉积元素的相对比有一定影响。原子力显微镜(AFM)检测表明,随着加热温度的升高,薄膜表面的粗糙度增加,颗粒尺寸增大。分析认为,在温度较低时,原子热激活能相对较低,不足以发生迁移,形成Ag-Cu亚稳态合金;而当温度较高时,原子热激活能增大,容易发生迁移,此时Ag和Ag、 Cu和Cu各自结合的能量最低,形成Ag和Cu的分离相。     

裂解气相色谱-质谱法研究增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的热降解

探讨了无氧条件,温度范围在500～750 ℃内邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的热裂解行为,利用GC/MS定性测定其裂解产物,讨论部分产物与裂解温度之间的关系。实验结果表明：低于650 ℃时,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的裂解产物主要为2-丁烯、1-丁醇、邻苯二甲酸酐和苯甲酸丁酯,并且随温度的升高裂解产物变得复杂;温度升高到700 ℃,邻苯二甲酸酐、苯甲酸丁酯进一步裂解成为分子质量更小的自由基,并发生稠环化反应,形成更稳定的菲、蒽等芳香族多环化合物。根据分析实验提供的裂解产物信息,增塑剂DBP在高温下裂解会产生多环芳烃污染物,而这些特性将为塑料热解再生利用过程中的环境保护提供一定的依据。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.