羊毛染色用酸性染料

酸性染料是含有负电荷基团的，如磺酸基等阴离子性染料。酸性染料的名称源于酸性浴的使用。鉴于磺酸基的强酸性，它在水中实际上是完全电离的。染浴中使用酸的范围从硫酸至醋酸铵盐，羊毛纤维吸收酸并使纤维的氨基质子化了。因此，染色过程包括了离子的交换过程，并在染浴中产生羊毛纤维上的铵离子与染料阴离子的结合。     

丙涤共混纤维的结构形成及染色性能

<正> 聚丙烯纤维大分子链上没有任何极性可染基团,结构又相当紧密,致使染料分子难以扩散到纤维内部去,无论是酸性染料、碱性染料、中性染料、还原性染料还是分散染料、直接染料都不能使其上染。欲使其具备染色性必须进行如下改性:①利用化学方     

基础理论

981030聚丙烯腊纤维和阳离可染聚醋纤维染色行为的深人研究K:.rm:、k::r S.R…:Colourage Annu.,1996,p.47(英)睛纶f1J阳离子可染聚酚(CDPE’r)纤维在用阳离子染料染色时染色行为生二的差异作厂研究并通过实验作了比较。指出了染料消耗和染色功力学之间的联系和讨i仑J’计算方法为适应实际染色时变化,用扩散系数和速率常数值表征染色速率。消耗速率曲线指出,睛纶与CDPET相比较快达到最大染色速率。这是囚为CDPEf纤维在水中溶胀非常小,染料分r渗入CDPET的密致聚合物毋体非常慢。(张挂水)聚丙烯腊纤维聚醋纤维染色比较 981031系统系…     

最近染料的动向

一、日本染料的情况与战后纤维工业的恢复相适应,重建的染料工业由于纤维对象是棉、粘胶、羊毛,所以是从直接、硫化、冰染、酸性媒介、酸性染料的生产开始的。随着纤维、染料的出口及国内需要的增大,迫切需要坚牢染料。国内已能生产高级直接、还原、高级酸性、金属络合酸性、萤光染料等,对纤维及染色工业作出了较大贡献。然而由于生产竞争,并且与进口染料质量及     

实用染色的若干应用技术（24）

问：如何正确使用好酸性金属络合染料？ 答：酸性金属络合染料，如1：1型金属络合染料在生产中，可以像普通酸性染料一样染羊毛、蚕丝和锦纶织物。据文献记载，金属络合染料，用普通酸性染料的染色方法，无需再用铬媒剂，就能直接与羊毛产生盐结合，染法方便，染色牢度与媒介染料相近。如采用酸性络合黄N-WA、红N—WA、蓝N—WA和黑N—WA染料（上虞光明化工厂）对羊毛针织物、真丝双绉和锦纶（尼丝纺）进行染色试验，处方与工艺条件见表1。     

可染丙纶技术的发展现状

综述丙纶的染色性研究的近期进展 ,讨论了可染改性、接枝共聚、共混、复合纺丝等纺丝的技术。根据不同的工艺和添加剂 ,可采用分散染料、酸性染料、阳离子染料染色。预测可染兼多功能丙纶是未来的发展方向     

酸性染料用中间体及杂环、金属络合酸性染料进展

本文重点讨论了用于制备酸性、弱酸性染料的中间体合成工艺进展;论述了广为重视的含水溶性基团(-SO_3H、-COOH)的金属络台(S型、M型)酸性染料的特性;介绍了国外厂商研究开发新型含有杂环基团的适用于羊毛、聚酰胺纤维染色用的酸性、弱酸性染料的进展。     

酸性染料可染聚酯纤维的研究

采用对苯二甲酸(PTA)、乙二醇(EG),在三氧化二锑催化的条件下进行酯化反应,然后加入制备好的中间体,进行缩聚反应,合成出了含有酰胺基结构的酸性染料可染聚酯。使用红外光谱对其分子结构进行表征,同时研究了酸性染料可染聚酯的纺丝工艺及染色性能。结果表明:酸性染料可染聚酯分子骨架上含有酰胺基结构;酸性染料可染聚酯纤维的酸性染料上染率可以达到80%以上,分散染料上染率可以达到90%以上,具有较好的酸性染料可染性和分散染料可染性。     

第七届国际表面活性剂会议论文摘要(续三)

59．乳胶消泡剂自然乳化表明，这是一种分布消泡剂的有效方法，以防止在硫酸盐工业回水中形成泡沫。60．表面活性剂与酸性染料间的相互作用，在二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠存在下，酸性染料溶解入有机溶剂的行为。表面活性剂对酸性染料的溶解力是依靠染料在水相和有机相（含有表面活性剂）之间的平衡比配比所作的评价而进行测算。表面活性剂对染料的溶解量决定于染料的分子几何学。     

超细PA/PU合成革用酸性染料的染色性能研究

本文通过使用各种酸性染料(一般酸性染料、弱酸性染料、酸性络合染料、中性染料)对超细PA/PU合成革进行染色试验,研究了它们各自的染色性能,探讨了固色剂对染料的固色性能,分析并总结了各染料结构及颜色与染色性能之间的关系。     

混合染料的相互作用机理研究

利用模拟混合染料废水,分析了阳离子蓝FGL与酸性、活性、直接、阳离子、分散5种染料混合后的颜色变化机理和染料之间的作用。结果表明:阳离子蓝FGL基本上能与含磺酸基的酸性、活性和直接染料按电荷摩尔比发生作用,与同类的染料不会发生反应,与分散橙SE-B也会通过库仑力发生反应。混合液的色度在有沉淀生成时会变小,这样将节约废水处理的成本。     

Use of cationic starch derivatives for the removal of anionic dyes from textile effluents

Six types of cationic starch derivatives were prepared. These types were (1) cationic starch derivatives containing primary, secondary, and tertiary amino groups and quaternary ammonium salt and (2) etherified and grafted cationic starch derivatives. These cationic starch derivatives were treated with three types of dyes, an acid dye, a hydrolyzed reactive dye, and a direct dye. Different factors affecting the dye sorption value (mmol/100 g of sample) were been studied. These factors were the pH of the medium, treatment time, amine type, amine content, dye type and molecular size, and the distance between the amine groups. The dye sorption value and the sorption efficiency percentage were determined. The dye sorption value increased with increasing amine content to a maximum value and then decreased. This phenomenon occurred with all of the amine types. The maximum dye sorption values on with the acid dye depended on the amine type. These values were 73.8 (at an amine content of 155), 90 (at an amine content of 150), 84.9 (at an amine content of 133), and 72.5 (at an amine content of 75) for primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and the quaternary ammonium salt, respectively. The sorption efficiency percentage at these maximum values were 47.6, 60, 63.8, and 96.3%, respectively. The maximum sorption values were acid dye > hydrolyzed reactive dye > direct dye. The dye sorption value and the sorption efficiency percentage of the etherified cationic starch derivatives had higher values than that of the grafted cationic starch derivatives. The prepared cationic starch derivatives that had amine contents of 155, 150, 133, and 75 m atom/100 g of sample for primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and the quaternary ammonium salt, respectively, had the best ability to adsorb anionic dyes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 227–234, 2004     

Dye adsorption characteristics of alginate/polyaspartate hydrogels

This study examined the removal of some basic dyes, such as Methylene Blue, Malachite Green and Methyl Orange, using alginate or alginate/polyaspartate composite gel beads. The adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions at 25 °C was examined using a batch sorption technique. The effects of CaCl₂ and the dye concentration on the adsorption were examined. Type-S adsorption isotherms were obtained, which is characteristic of a weak solute–solid interaction. The ionic interaction between the dye molecule and gel matrix appears to be responsible for the efficient adsorption of cationic dyes in this system. These results suggest that an alginate/polyaspartate gel can be used as an effective sorbent for water pollutants such as dyes, and the immobilization of these organic contaminants in the hydrogels from wastewater can solve one of the most important environmental problems in the related industry.     

Differential dyeing cotton. Part 2-stoichiometry of interaction with acid and direct dyes

The stoichiometry of interaction of both acid and direct dyes with cotton modified with a reactive cationic reagent has been examined. In the case of the acid dyes adsorption is principally by a specific site mechanism and gives a 1:1 ratio between cationic sites on the cotton and sulphonate groups on the dyes, although some diffuse adsorption occurs with the more hydrophobic dyes. The direct dyes show a much greater amount of diffuse adsorption in addition to specific site adsorption. The results show that the presence of the cationic sites enhance the amount of dye taken up by diffuse adsorption and a mechanism for this is proposed.     

Evaluation and mechanism of cationic/anionic dyes extraction from water by ionic liquids

Dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) using three different imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) was applied for extraction of recalcitrant dyes, Eriochrome black T (anionic azo dye), and Crystal Violet (cationic triphenylmethane dye) from aqueous solutions, not previously reported. Effects of process parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH of aqueous phase, amount and type of IL on fraction extracted, and distribution ratio of dyes were studied. Further, dyes interaction with ILs and extraction mechanism were explored. Considering the high cost of ILs, regeneration and reuse study for ILs was also performed using reverse DLLME. The fraction extracted for both the dyes with all the ILs varied significantly with pH change. Maximum dyes fraction extracted were observed nearly at neutral pH (pH =7). However, the fraction extracted were different for different IL.     

Study of the Influence of Gemini Cationic Surfactants on the Dyeing and Fastness Properties of Polyester Fabrics Using Naphthalimide Dyes

In this paper, the dyeing and fastness properties of three monoazo naphthalimide dyes including different imide groups (dye 1: ethyl amine, dye 2: ethyl glycinate and dye 3: glycine) on a polyester fabric were investigated in the presence of two gemini cationic surfactants (symbolized as 12‐4‐12 or 14‐4‐14) and a conventional single chain surfactant, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The color strength (K/S) of naphthalimide dyes on polyester fabric was measured through the reflectance spectrophotometric method, and the values obtained in the presence of different cationic surfactants increased in the order of dye 3 < dye 2 < dye 1. Although the K/S values indicated that the gemini cationic surfactants had almost no effect on the dyeing behavior of dye 1, but they were effective in dyeing ability of dye 2 and dye 3. The data for dye 2 demonstrated that build up of polyester fabrics in the presence of gemini surfactants are more than the conventional cationic surfactant, and also K/S values of dye 3 on polyester fabrics were in the order: DTAB > 12‐4‐12 > 14‐4‐14. It was found that the washing and rubbing fastness properties improved with increasing the concentration of surfactants. In addition, the sublimation fastness of dye 3 was more than the other dyes owing to the presence of a polar group in its chemical structure, and the light fastness of naphthalimide dyes on polyester fabrics was generally moderate.     

Poly(acrylamide/laponite) nanocomposite hydrogels: Swelling and cationic dye adsorption properties

Super adsorbent polyacrylamide (PAAm)/nanoclay (laponite, Lap) hydrogels were prepared by in situ free radical polymerization of AAm in an aqueous solution with clay as a crosslinker. The swelling properties and water‐soluble cationic dye adsorption behaviors of the PAAm/laponite (PAAm/Lap) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels were investigated. The parameters of swelling and diffusion of water in dye solutions were evaluated for the PAAm/Lap NC hydrogels. The adsorption behavior of the monovalent cationic dyes such as Basic Blue 12 (BB 12), Basic Blue 9 (BB 9), and Basic Violet 1 (BV 1), were studied on the NC hydrogels. The effects of the clay content of the hydrogel on its cationic dye uptake behavior were studied. The adsorption studies indicated that the rates of dye uptake by the NC hydrogels increased in the following order: BB 9 > BB 12 > BV 1. This order is similar to the swelling results of the PAAm/Lap NC hydrogel in the dye solutions. The equilibrium uptakes of the different dyes by the PAAm/Lap NC hydrogel were nearly the same. In the dye absorption studies, S‐type adsorption in the Giles classification system was found for the BB 12 and BV 1 dyes, whereas L ‐type was observed for the BB 9 dye. After the heat treatment of PAAm/Lap, the rate of dye uptake and equilibrium dye uptake were increased. The NC hydrogels may be considered as a good candidate for environmental applications to retain more water and to remove dyes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Anionic dye adsorption characteristics of surfactant‐modified coir pith,a ‘waste’ lignocellulosic polymer

The surface of coir pith, an agricultural solid waste, was modified using a cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Adsorption of anionic dyes on surfactant‐modified coir pith was investigated in a series of batch adsorption experiments. Two anionic dyes, acid brilliant blue (acid dye) and procion orange (reactive dye), were used in the adsorption studies. The effect of process variables such as contact time, concentration of the dyes, adsorbent dose, temperature, and pH were studied in order to understand the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the process. The kinetics of adsorption obeyed the second‐order rate equation. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that modified coir pith yielded adsorption capacities of 159 and 89 mg/g for acid brilliant blue and procion orange, respectively. Mechanisms involving ion exchange and chemisorption might be responsible for the uptake of dyes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1538–1546, 2006     

阳离子染料分子结构与配伍性能关系的研究

<正>1引言在染料的合成与应用中,染料的配伍性能是一项重要的性能指标。有关从计算染料分子－的无机性值及有机性值来研究染料的配伍性能尚未见文献报道。对于阳离子染料来说,传统的方法是采用标准染料根据其染色速率的炔慢分成5级,将所研究的染料与标准染料相比,确定所研究染料的配伍值。此法具有很大的盲目性。本文试图从有机概念图的观点出发,研究阳离子染料的分子结构与配伍性能之问的规律性。     

Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solution on Non-Calcined Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide: Experimental and Theoretical Study

Non-calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with Mg/Al molar ratio of 3:1 was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. Sorption of anionic (acid blue 25 - AB25, reactive blue 4 - RB4), and cationic (methylene blue - MB) dyes by Mg-Al LDH form aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of solution pH, initial concentration, and contact time were investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The adsorbed amount increases with decrease in pH solution for AB25 and RB4. The cationic dye (MB) solution was insensitive to pH variation and also exhibited a low performance in the kinetic equilibrium studies. While anionic dyes were almost completely extracted from the solution, 90% of the methylene blue remained in solution. The equilibrium data were well described using the Langmuir-Freundlich model for RB4, AB25, and MB dyes with maximum adsorption capacity of 328.90, 246.10, and 43.48 mg/g, respectively. Finally, the mechanism of adsorption involving the dyes and LDH was evaluated using the Monte Carlo approach in the NVT ensemble. The results suggest that molecular simulation can be used to preview quantitatively the dye uptake. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Separation Science & Technology to view the supplemental file.