Cu-Ni-Fe-NiFe_2O_4金属陶瓷的制备与表征

以NiO、Fe_2O_3和Cu、Fe、Ni为主要原料,采用两步固相烧结法,制备出Cu-NiFe_2O_4和Cu-Ni-Fe-NiFe_2O_4金属陶瓷试样.用阿基米德排水法测试样密度,并结合XRD和SEM分析其微观结构,测量了试样的静态热腐蚀率、抗热震性和电导率.研究表明,与Cu-NiFe_2O_4金属陶瓷比较,金属Fe、Ni的加入能够起到晶粒细化、提高致密度的作用,同时使Cu与陶瓷的润湿性得到改善.Cu-Ni-Fe-NiFe_2O_4试样在冰晶石熔盐中的静态热腐蚀率有所降低,而抗热震性有较大提高.电导率也有一定提高,原因是由于金属相均匀的分散于陶瓷相中,减小了晶界间的势垒作用,从而使载流子更易通过晶界.     

涡流穿过式传感器实际渗透深度的数学模型

采用直接测量固态导体内部磁场分布的方法，研究影响穿过式传感器实际渗透深度的各种因素。结果表明，实际渗透深度除与导体的电导率、磁导率及测试频率有关外，还与线圈的结构及激励磁场有关。最后利用遗传算法建立了涡流实际渗透深度的数学模型，为确定涡流在导体中的实际渗透深度提供了可靠依据。     

Effects of Mo substituted Nb on magnetic properties of Finemet alloy

Different Mo contents have been added into traditional Finemet alloy to form Fe73.5Cu1Nb3-x MoxSil3B9.5( x = 0 - 3) alloys. The change in DC and AC magnetic properties with Mo for Nb substimtlon was investigated. The results show that, with adding Mo, although the DC relative permeability decreases and the coercive force increases slightly,the saturation flux density Bs can be increased, and the core loss of the alloy can be decreased. The AC permeability of samples contained Mo is higher than that of alloy without Mo content. Fe73.sCu1Nb1Mo2Si13B9.5 alloy has the highest saturation flux density Bs. Fe73.sCu1Nb2Mo1Si13B9.5 alloy has the best frequency dependence on the AC permeability and core loss.     

Influence of two-step cooling method on magnetic properties of Fe82Mo7B10Cu1 nanocrystalline alloy

Soft magnetic properties of Fe82Mo7B10Cu1 nanocrystalline alloy were studied as a function of cooling condition. The results show that higher permeability and relaxation frequency can be obtained by the two-step cooling method, and the pinning field of the sample obtained by this method is smaller than that of the fitrnace-cooled and water-quenched samples. This phenomenon was interpreted in terms of internal stress and the magnetic ordering of the residual amorphous phase. The two-step cooling treatment is an effective way to improve the soft magnetic properties of Fe82Mo7B10Cu1 nanocrystalline alloy.     

Influence of Fe addition on microstructure and properties of Cu-Ag composite

We investigated the effects of Fe content on microstructure and properties in as-cast and as-drawn Cu-(5.1-x) vol%Ag-x vol%Fe alloys. In microscale, increasing Fe content first refined and then coarsened Cu dendrites. In nanoscale, the size and length of Ag precipitates in Fe-doped alloys were smaller than the size and length of Ag precipitates in Fe-free alloy, and the γ-Fe precipitates in Cu-2.9 vol%Ag-2.4 vol%Fe alloy were finer than the γ-Fe precipitates in Cu-5.1 vol%Fe alloy. The maximum hardness in as-cast Cu-Ag-Fe alloys was found in the Cu-2.9 vol%Ag-2.4 vol%Fe alloy. With increasing drawing strain, both ultimate tensile strength and hardness of Cu-Ag-Fe composites were increased. Simulation data among the relative volume fractions of Fe, hardness and electrical conductivity showed that, as the relative value approached 40%, the Cu-Ag-Fe composite displayed greater hardness than other samples. As a small amount of Ag was replaced by Fe, the electrical conductivity decreased significantly with a descending slope of approximately 3%IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) per vol% Fe. As 47 vol%Ag was replaced by Fe, however, the electrical conductivity decreased by 51% and remained almost invariable with further increasing Fe content. After annealing at 450 °C for 4 h, the electrical conductivity of the Cu-2.9 vol%Ag-2.4 vol%Fe composite was elevated up to 68.3%IACS from 38.5%IACS.     

Detection and imaging of surface corrosion on steel reinforcing bars using a phase-sensitive inductive sensor intended for use with concrete

A new inductive sensor is described that exploits the principle of frequency shift and phase sensitive detection to identify and image corrosion on the surface of steel reinforcing bars intended for embedment within concrete. A search coil radiating a time-varying magnetic field experiences impedance changes when conductive and/or permeable targets are brought within its vicinity. Depending on the electrical properties of the target, the impedance changes are manifest predominantly as a shift in the Q-factor of the coil, or as a change in its inductance. It is the latter condition that is the primary effect with corrosion product. Under normal circumstances the change in inductance L is very small, but can be detected by configuring the coil as part of a free-running tuned oscillator, whose resonant frequency is governed by L. A shift in the sensor signal frequency is detected by comparing its phase to that of a signal produced by a stable reference oscillator (heterodyning), and producing a voltage proportional to the difference. Such phase sensitive detection is widely employed in metal detector instrumentation, but in this case the signal is used to produce images of corrosion. Significantly, experiments also show that the system is capable of detecting varying amounts of corrosion product, something that is beyond the capabilities of ultrasonic, X-ray or microwave sensing systems. At the present time, the sensor is capable of detecting and imaging a 2 mm thick layer of corrosion on a 20 mm diameter steel bar, located 30 mm below the surface of ceramic material whose conductivity and relative permeability is almost identical to that of concrete.     

Fe含量对钼铜合金组织和性能的影响

采用熔渗法制取不同Fe含量的Mo-Cu合金。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)仪分析不同Fe含量的Mo-Cu合金的显微组织及Fe元素的分布,研究Fe含量对Mo-Cu合金的致密度、热导率、电导率、硬度以及显微组织的影响。结果表明,添加1%Fe(质量分数)使Mo-Cu合金的致密度和硬度提高,但是导电和导热性能降低。微观分析表明,添加活化元素Fe后合金显微组织更加致密,Cu呈网状分布,Mo骨架烧结颈变大,但Fe含量过多时,不利于合金性能的提高。     

Effects of Fe content on microstructure and properties of Cu–Fe alloy

Cu–Fe alloys with different Fe contents were prepared by vacuum hot pressing. After hot rolling and aging treatment, the effects of Fe content on microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu–Fe alloys were studied. The results show that, when w(Fe)<60%, the dynamic recrystallization extent of both Cu phase and Fe phase increases. When w(Fe)≥60%, Cu phase is uniformly distributed into the Fe phase and the deformation of alloy is more uniform. With the increase of the Fe content, the tensile strength of Cu–5wt.%Fe alloy increases from 305 MPa to 736 MPa of Cu–70wt.%Fe alloy, the elongation decreases from 23% to 17% and the electrical conductivity decreases from 31%IACS to 19%IACS. These results provide a guidance for the composition and processing design of Cu–Fe alloys.     

热处理工艺对Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si15.5B7合金产品应力敏感性的影响

Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si15.5B7是一类性能优异的纳米晶软磁合金.但该合金应力敏感性大,微小的变形导致磁导率的大幅度降低.本文研究了热处理工艺对该合金应力敏感性的影响.结果表明,通过合适的热处理工艺可以降低合金的应力敏感性,使得该合金绕制的铁芯在相对变形率为5%时,磁导率指标的变化率小于40%.     

时效对Cu-Fe-P合金显微硬度及导电率的影响

研究了热处理工艺对Cu-Fe-P合金显微硬度及导电率的影响。结果表明，采用常规时效处理工艺其导电率很难达到性能要求，而对冷变形后的合金予以分级时效则可以满足要求，其中导电率可达66．1％IACS,硬度可达119HV。     

W-Cu合金电导率模型及理论计算

W-Cu合金以其高的抗电弧烧蚀、抗熔焊性,高的导热导电性等广泛应用于冶金、材料、电子、军工和其他领域。电导率是其重要的性能指标之一,一直备受关注。本文对不同成分的钨铜合金现有的电导率计算模型进行了研究,对不同模型的特点和适用范围进行讨论,讨论了;推导了不同模型下的电导率,并与实验结果进行了比较。选取了合适的电导率理论值,并与实验值进行了比较。结果表明,低、高铜的区域理论值与实验值基本一致,提高铜含量和降低孔隙率可以提高W-Cu合金的电导率。这为钨铜合金的成分和电导性能设计提供了初步的理论依据。     

Electrical conductivity measurement of ferromagnetic metallic materials using pulsed eddy current method

Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) method for electrical conductivity measurement of ferromagnetic metallic materials is proposed. Based on time-domain analytical solutions to the PECT model of ferromagnetic plates, the conductivity and permeability are determined via an inverse problem established with the calculated and measured values of induced voltage. PECT method for conductivity measurement is verified by the four-point probe method on three carbon steel plates. In addition, the effects of the amplitude of pulsed excitation current and the lift-off of probe coils on measurement results are studied. PECT is an innovative, non-contacting method with good repeatability for electrical conductivity measurement.     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal transport properties of Al–Cr–Fe approximant phases

Two stable approximant phases in the Al–Cr–Fe system – a gamma-brass phase (γ-AlCrFe) and a mixture of two orthorhombic approximants of the decagonal phase (O₁/O₂-AlCrFe) – were investigated using magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity measurements, combined with structural investigations using X-ray diffraction, light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigated approximants exhibit physical properties that are in many respects between those of regular metals and quasicrystals (QCs); their electrical resistivities show very weak temperature dependences and the resistivity values are higher than for regular metals and lower than for Al-based QCs. The magnetic susceptibility results show the existence of a small fraction (of about 1% for the γ-AlCrFe and about 10 times less for the O₁/O₂-AlCrFe) of localized magnetic moments with Curie-like temperature dependence. Thermal conductivity measurements show that the electronic and lattice contributions are of comparable size at room temperature. While the electronic contribution can be described by the Wiedemann–Franz law, the lattice contribution can be reproduced by the sum of the Debye term (long-wavelength phonons) and the term due to hopping of localized vibrations. At the lowest measured temperature (8 K), scattering of phonons on stacking-fault-like defects limits the heat transport, and this type of defect has also been observed in the LM and SEM structural investigations.     

Pulsed electromagnetic attraction of sheet metals – Fundamentals and perspective applications

The paper is dedicated to the study of pulsed electromagnetic attraction processes which can deform ferromagnetic sheet metal materials such as low carbon steels using low frequency discharges. The analytical model based upon the solution of Maxwell equations explains that magnetic forces are prevailing over the Lorentz forces for low frequency discharges. For electromagnetic forming (EMF) processes employing ferromagnetic sheet metal blanks of low electrical conductivity with relatively slow electric discharges, the magnetic forces should be taken into account in order to achieve a correct representation of electromagnetic forces applied to the blank. An engineering estimate on the size of magneto-static forces and Lorentz-forces is the outcome of the analytical work. In addition to analytical work and validation of the proposed engineering estimate of attracting forces, a single turn coil is introduced which is more robust than previous designs with multiple frequencies and interrupted discharges. The simplified setup only requires a rather slow single frequency low voltage electric discharge which allows for using cheaper and longer life capacitors, substantially reduces the safety implications and also extends the life of the coil insulation.     

TiB2颗粒TiB晶须混杂增强铜基复合材料导电率有限元模拟

本文建立了TiBw/Cu、(TiB2p+TiBw)/Cu、TiB2p /Cu复合材料的三维细观结构有限元模型,基于ABAQUS非耦合的热电分析理论,通过有限元数值模拟方法揭示了复合材料微观结构特征参量与宏观导电性能之间的定量关系。结果表明:TiB2颗粒体积分数为导电率主要影响因素,随体积分数增大导电率逐步减小,颗粒粒径大小对导电率影响不显著;TiB晶须体积分数和晶须取向角为导电率主要影响因素,晶须取向角平行于电流方向时导电率最好,垂直于电流方向时的导电率最差。在颗粒晶须混杂增强复合材料中,增强体体积分数和晶须取向角为导电率的主要影响因素,增强体种类对导电率影响较小。本文为颗粒晶须混杂增强铜基复合材料导电率计算提供了新的思路和方法,对颗粒和晶须增强复合材料混杂设计提供依据。     

Study of the size effects in the electrical resistivity of ultrathin (

Saci Messaadi  Hadria Medouer  Mosbah Daamouche 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2010,489(2):609-613

Thermophysical properties of FeAl (Fe-40 at.%Al)

The thermophysical properties — electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and specific heat, of a B2 iron-aluminide (Fe-40 at.% Al) alloy are measured. The measured values of electrical resistivity indicate three distinct regions. An initial sharp rise below 400°C is followed by a gradual increase to near saturation around 900°C. Resistivity above this temperature exhibits an anomalous negative temperature dependence. The thermal conductivity displays a continuous rise as a function of temperature for T<800°C, beyond which it saturates to a value of 0.17 W/cm-°C. The relation between electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity obeys the Wiedemann-Franz law signifying the dominance of electrons in the heat transport. The measurements of specific heat indicate a complex behavior suggesting inseparable contributions of various temperature dependent phenomena arising from phonons, conduction electrons and magnons. Both the thermal expansion and mean coefficient of thermal expansion (MCT) exhibit a rising trend with temperature. The temperature dependence of the various modes of lattice, electronic, and magnetic excitations is invoked to explain the observed variations in properties. The role of the inherent electronic and magnetic structure on physical properties is highlighted.     

沉积态(Fe88Zr7B5)0.97Cu0.03软磁合金薄膜的磁性和巨磁阻抗效应

采用射频溅射法在单晶硅衬底上制备了(Fe88Zr7B5）0．97Cu0．03非晶软磁合金薄膜样品，对沉积态样品的软磁性能和巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应进行了实验研究与机理分析．结果表明，未掺Cu元素的Fe88Zr7B5沉积态合金薄膜几乎无GMI效应，而掺了适量Cu元素的(Fe88Zr7B5)0．97Cu0．03合金薄膜在沉积态下即具有显著的GMI效应．在13MHz频率下，最大纵向磁阻抗比达17％，最大横向磁阻抗比为11％，这表明(Fe88Zr7B5)0．97Cu0.03非晶合金薄膜在沉积态已具备优异的软磁性能和巨磁阻抗效应．同时讨论了该薄膜样品的巨磁阻抗效应随频率的变化特性．     

高强高导铜合金合金化机理

通过对Cu-Cr-Zr系和Cu-Fe-P-Ag系两种高强高导铜合金框架材料合金成分的分析, 获得如下结论 1) 利用双相析出强化, 可以改善析出相的形态和析出过程, 也是获得高强高导铜合金的有效途径; 2) 固溶0.1%Ag元素, 通过Ag元素与其他固溶元素的交互作用, 减少基体内对导电率影响较大的元素溶入, 可改善材料的导电性和强度; 3) 通过对Cu-Fe-P-Ag系合金成分的分析, 提出了铜合金多元固溶体微观畸变累积假说, 利用此假说, 可有效地指导高强高导铜合金基体成分设计.     

镁合金表面制备高红外发射率和高导电率热控膜层

目的通过电沉积方法在镁锂合金表面制备具有高红外发射率以及高导电率的镀层,满足其在太空中散热以及电磁屏蔽的需要。方法通过前处理工艺(碱洗→酸洗→预钝化→化学镀镍磷→电镀铜)提高镁锂合金基体的耐蚀性能以及与后续镀层的结合力,并在此镁锂合金前处理工艺的条件下,电沉积多孔Zn-Ni合金镀层。通过热循环测试和电化学方法评价各镀层的电化学腐蚀行为和各镀层之间的结合力。结果各镀层之间的结合力良好,化学镀Ni-P层、电镀Cu层和多孔Zn-Ni层的耐蚀性能均优于镁锂合金基体,该组合镀层的协同作用可以有效地保护镁锂合金基体,提高其耐蚀性。结论最外层多孔Zn-Ni合金镀层主要由Ni2Zn11、NiO、NiS组成,其红外发射率为0.90,电阻率小于0.01 m?/cm。这表明多孔结构可以有效提高金属合金镀层的红外发射率,并保持合金镀层的高导电性。