填料对室温硫化硅橡胶包覆材料性能的影响

研究了四种填料［Ｃｒ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、和Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３］对火箭推进剂用双组分室温硫化（ＲＴＶ）硅橡校包覆材料力学性能和烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明，Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３能够较大幅度地提高硅橡校的拉伸强度，但却随着Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３添加量的增加，硅橡胶的线烧蚀率也增加。ＴｉＯ２可以降低硅橡校的线烧蚀率。确定了四种填料对硅橡胶拉伸强度贡献率的大小顺序。     

烧结温度对Al2O3＋WC陶瓷强韧性的影响

采用不同常压烧结（ＣＰ）温度制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＷＣ复合陶瓷材料。利用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ－射线衍射,能谱分析（ＥＤＡＸ）等手段和三点弯曲,单边切口梁等力学方法研究了该材料的组织结构、力学性能及增韧机制。结果表明,１６００℃烧结Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＷＣ陶瓷各相结合致密、分布均匀且晶普微细,其断裂形式为沿晶断裂,室温断裂强度为５２０ＭＰａ;断裂韧性为６．２ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２,第二相ＷＣ弥散分布细化了基本晶粒     

ZrO2添加剂对β“—Al2O3性能的影响

研究了氧化锆添加剂对β”－Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的显微结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明，添加１０％（按体积计）ＺｒＯ２可以大大改善β”－Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的显微结构，并使其强度有显著提高，与此同时，β”－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的电导率下降不多。     

Si3N4—MgAl2O4—Al2O3系材料无压烧结的研究

本文对Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４－Ａｌ２Ｏ３系复合材料的无压烧结进行了研究，讨论了Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量对材料性能的影响及烧结工艺对材料性能和显微结构的相互关系。实验表明：两段法烧结可以得到性能良好的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料。     

钛酸铝陶瓷

本文对钛酸铝（Ａｌ２ＴｉＯ５）陶瓷的结构、热分解、热膨胀、机械强度及其影响因素进行了综合阐述，提出抑制热分解，提高其机械强度的方法和途径，并对各种添加物如ＭｇＯ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＺｒＯ２对Ａｌ２ＴｉＯ５性能的影响作了详细论述。     

ZrO_2添加剂对β″－Al_2O_3性能的影响

研究了氧化锆添加剂对β″－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３陶瓷的显微结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明，添加１０％（按体积计）ＺｒＯ＿２可以大大改善β″－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３陶瓷的显微结构，并使其强度有显著提高，与此同时，β″－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的电导率下降不多。     

连铸用浸入式水口Al2O3堵塞的防范

浸入式水口Ａｌ２Ｏ３的堵塞是炼钢工艺需要解决的最重要问题。多年来，采取各种措施并进行了大量研究，其结果是显著地减少Ａｌ２Ｏ３堵塞。环状阶梯式浸入水口的发明值得重视，它是解决Ａｌ２Ｏ３堵塞的极有效方法。在浇注条件下，Ａｌ２Ｏ３堵塞与钢水流速存在着相关性。     

氧化铝陶瓷的微波焊接特性研究

利用陶瓷材料吸收微波而自身发热进行直接接合是近年发展的一门新技术，本工作在自制的微波设备上成功地将Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＨＡＰ进行直接接合，并对其接全强度，界面特征及机制进行了分析。     

Al2O3添加量对Y—TZP陶瓷烧结及力学性能的影响

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３添加量对Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷烧结及力学性能的影响，结果表明，微量Ａｌ２Ｏ３可固溶于ＺｒＯ２中而提高材料致密度，使Ｙ－ＴＺＰ的强度、耐磨性等力学性能也同时得到提高，过量Ａｌ２Ｏ３处ＺｒＯ２晶界上阻碍致密化，２０ｗｔ％Ａｌ２Ｏ３，１５５０℃，４ｈ未能烧结，使各项力学性能明显下降。     

Al2O3溶胶的制备工艺优化及性质的探讨

本文通过对Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶胶制备的原料进行了选取,对Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶胶的制备过程的主要影响因素－加水量、胶溶剂和温度进行了分析,优化了Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶胶的制备工艺,并提出了一种较为快捷出了一种较为快捷的制备工艺,制得了稳定透明的Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶胶;Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶胶的存在比较稳定,在浓度为异丙醇铝：水小于１：１００时可丰放时间大于３个月。对Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶胶的性质进行了探讨,发现Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶胶可以稳定存放的ｐＨ值为３．５     

部分烧结陶瓷材料力学特性的DEM模拟

通过开展三维离散单元法数值模拟,考察了部分烧结陶瓷在单轴拉伸和压缩加载条件下的力学响应行为.模拟结果表明,拉伸加载下试样的破坏表现为裂纹"成核"效应,而压缩加载下则呈现为裂纹"聚并"效应;通过追踪固体键的断裂顺序和断裂模式发现,拉伸加载下固体键的破坏主要源于拉伸作用,而压缩加载下则为剪切作用.试样的宏观断裂强度与固体键...     

Strength and Notch Sensitivity of Porous-Matrix Oxide Composites

The effects of matrix strength on the notched and unnotched tensile properties of a family of porous-matrix oxide composites are examined both experimentally and theoretically. Experiments are performed on three composites, distinguished from one another by the amount of binding alumina within the matrix. Increases in alumina concentration produce elevations in unnotched tensile and shear strengths, but the benefits are offset by an increase in notch sensitivity. The degree of notch sensitivity is rationalized on the basis of a model that accounts for interactions between notch tip tensile and shear bands. The model predictions are cast in terms of the ratio of the notch length to a characteristic bridging length scale. These results, in turn, form the basis for a simple analytical formula for notched strength, accounting for effects of elastic anisotropy and finite sample size. The utility of this formula in predicting notched strength is assessed. Issues associated with bridging law shapes and bridging length scales are addressed. The effect of alumina concentration on notch sensitivity is discussed in terms of its influence on the bridging length scale, dictated by the interplay between the unnotched tensile strength, the longitudinal Young's modulus, the degree of in-plane elastic anisotropy, and the fracture energy. The net result is a decreasing bridging length scale and hence increasing notch sensitivity as the matrix is strengthened with alumina.     

Notch radius effect on fracture toughness of ceramics pertinent to grain size

Unlike fracture toughness, the notch fracture toughness of a ceramic is not a constant; rather, it increases with the notch-root radius ρ in a notched specimen. In this study, by analyzing the fracture measurements of eight different notched ceramics with an average grain size G of 3–40 μm, a simple model describing the relation between the notch fracture toughness and fracture toughness is proposed as a function of the relative notch-root radius ρ/G. The normal distribution is incorporated to consider the inevitable scatter in measurements where fracture mechanisms and errors are present. The results demonstrate that the model can effectively predict the quasi-brittle fracture variation trend for ceramics, including the upper and lower bounds, with 96% reliability, from a normal distribution; thus, it can address virtually all of the experimental data. We also determined that the notch fracture toughness approximates the fracture toughness if ρ ≤ G.     

Effect of notches and glass fiber reinforcement on fatigue behavior of polycarbonate

In order to investigate the effect of a notch on the tensile properties of polycarbonate and 30% glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate, two types of notched specimens were prepared. These notches were a sharp 60° notch and a dull notch with rounded tip 1.5 mm in radius at the base of the 60° notch. The notches decreased the tensile strength of polycarbonate. The sharp notch reduced tensile strength more effectively than the dull notch. In 30% glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate, even the dull notch decreased the tensile strength considerably. Unnotched polycarbonate was subjected to cyclic tensile loading of 10⁴ cycles at 10 Hz, with varying cyclic stress. It was found that the elongation at break decreased rapidly with increase in cyclic stress. The notches considerably decreased the tensile fatigue strengths of polycarbonate and glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate in 10⁴ cycles at 10 Hz.     

浅析简支梁冲击强度的影响因素

简述了简支梁冲击破坏的原理,分析了试样尺寸、温度、冲击改性剂、缺口以及缺口加工方式对试样冲击强度的影响。结果表明:①试样的厚度越大,试验跨度越大,冲击强度就越大;②简支梁冲击强度随温度的降低而降低;③ACR的加入能提高简支梁冲击强度;④缺口敏感性材料受缺口尖端半径影响较大;⑤一次注塑的缺口试样冲击强度较高,而经二次机械加工成型的缺口试样冲击强度较低,其中又以经铣床加工的缺口试样冲击强度最低。     

Superposition of the notched strength of composite laminates

An improved macroscopic model for predicting the strength of a composite laminate containing a circular notch is developed. Two constants are introduced which uniquely determine the notch sensitivity of a given material. A superposition method for the notched strength of composite laminates is developed which allows data for arbitrary materials and laminate configurations to be superimposed upon a single master curve. The influence of material orthotropy upon notched strength is discussed. A relative notch sensitivity parameter is introduced which allows quantification of the notch sensitivity of a given composite material system, stacking sequence, or laminate configuration.     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土-沥青混凝土复合切口梁弯曲韧性研究

对旧沥青路面进行铣刨处理后,加铺的白色罩面层多采用纤维混凝土,为了研究聚丙烯纤维和沥青层表面凿毛处理对复合切口梁弯曲韧性的影响,采用掺加聚丙烯纤维和对沥青层表面凿毛处理的高性能混凝土-沥青混凝土(AC-13)复合切口梁进行三分点加载试验,得到了荷载与挠度、裂缝张开距离之间的关系曲线,并对复合梁的抗折强度、能量吸收值、等效抗弯拉强度进行了计算.结果表明,聚丙烯纤维与凿毛处理均能提高复合切口梁的弯曲性能,聚丙烯纤维的掺加提高了复合梁的抗折强度,每当聚丙烯纤维掺量的增加0.45时,feq1、feq2大约增加0.035 MPa,混凝土的能量吸收值也增加8%左右;凿毛处理大幅度提升了等效弯拉强度,等效弯拉强度feq1、feq2分别提升了0.05 MPa、0.03 MPa,凿毛处理对feq1的提升效果比feq2更明显,使得复合梁的能量吸收值平均提升了20%.     

Notch Sensitivity of Ceramic Composites with Rising Fracture Resistance

A theoretical framework is developed for the notched strength of ceramic composites that exhibit rising fracture resistance. It is based on established concepts of crack stability under stress-controlled loadings. On using a linear representation of the resistance curve (expressed in terms of an energy release rate), straightforward analytical solutions are obtained for the strength as well the amount of stable crack growth preceding fracture and the associated fracture resistance. Calculations are performed for several test configurations commonly used for material characterization, including single- and double-edge-notched tension, center-notched tension, and single-edge-notched bending. The results reveal salient trends in strength with notch length and specimen geometry. An assessment of the theory is made through comparison with experimental measurements on an all-oxide fiber composite. Transitions in the degree of notch sensitivity with notch length are identified and explored. The utility of the theoretical results both for rationalizing the trends in measured notched strength and for guiding experimental studies of notch sensitivity is demonstrated.     

Finite element analysis of fracture behavior in ceramics: Competition between artificial notch and internal defects under three-point bending

Evaluation of the nonlinear relationship between the surface defect size and fracture strength of ceramics is important for engineering applications. In this study, we aim to predict the apparent nonlinear relationship between the defect size and fracture strength of single-edge notched beams (SENBs) using the finite element method. Specifically, we applied the methodology for predicting fracture strength from microstructure distribution data (relative density, pore size, aspect ratio, and grain size) to a finite element analysis (FEA) model in which the shape and size of the initial defects are defined at notch locations. By reproducing the apparent nonlinearity caused by the competition between the surface and internal defects within the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the effectiveness of the FEA methodology for the evaluation of strength scatter and allowable crack size in ceramics was demonstrated.     

Notch sensitivity of polymers

The influence of notches on the static tensile strenght, low-cycle fatigue strength, and creep rupture strength was investigated for selected polymeric materials. This investigation was prompted by the unusual phenomena of necking and notch strengthening observed in some glass fiber reinforced plastic materials. Two types of epoxy resin, polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate, were studied under static tensile loading. Three sizes of semicircular symmetrical side notch on flat specimens were investigated. It was observed that one of the epoxies was very notch sensitive, while the other exhibited significant (and maximum, out of all the polymers tested) notch strengthening in tensile loading. Perspex and polycarbonate showed a small notch sensitivity for the smallest and intermediate notches but notch strengthening for the biggest notch. The epoxy resin which exhibited notch strengthening was also tested with different percentages of hardener; for the biggest and the intermediate notches, there was a notch strengthening effect and unnotched as well as notched tensile strength showed a peak around 14% hardener. The epoxy which exhibited notch strengthening in tensile loading was next tested in low-cycle fatigue and creep loading. The behavior in low-cycle fatigue and creep loading was remarkably similar: it was found that for this polymer, the notch sensitivity was small in the case of the smallest and intermediate notches, whereas there was a significant notch strengthening effect in the case of the biggest notch. It is recommended that notch-strengthening behavior be added to the other criteria for the selection of matrices for composite materials.