晶须表面涂层对SiCw／TZP陶瓷复合材料力学性能和界面结构的影响

研究了在ＳｉＣ晶须表面涂覆１０～１００ｎｍ厚的氧化铝或莫来石对１５％（ｖｏｌ）ＳｉＣｗ／２．５Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：涂层可显改善复合材料的力学性能，其中涂覆莫来石效果最佳，室温σ１＝１４５０ＭＰａ，Ｋ１ｃ＝１７ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２，１０００℃下σｆ＝５２０ＭＰａ，比无涂层的复合材料力学性能分别提高了８０％，１００％和４５％。ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ和ＨＲＥＭ观察表明：ＳｉＣｗ表面涂     

新型复相陶瓷刀具材料JX—2—Ⅰ协同增韧补强机理的研究

本文研制成功了一种新型陶瓷刀具材料－ＳｉＣ晶须增韧和ＳｉＣ颗粒弥散增韧Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷刀具ＪＸ－２－Ⅰ，     

陶瓷复合体中晶须的作用研究

研究了ＳｉＣ，ＴｉＮ晶须增韧Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＴｉＣ，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４＋ＴｉＣ基陶瓷复合体的力学行为，验证和讨论了Ｐ．Ｆ．Ｂｅｃｈｅｒ提出的晶须增韧方程，并通过实验对晶须增韧陶瓷复合体的机械性能和切削性能进行了研究。     

TiB2／SiCw复合材料增韧机理的微观分析

在ＴｉＢ２／ＳｉＣｗ基体中加入适量的ＳｉＣｗ可以明显地提高其断裂韧 性ＫＩＣ，其它机械性能也有不同程度的改善。ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ微观分析表明：在具有较高ＫＩＣ值的ＴｉＢ２／ＢｉＣｗ陶瓷复合材料中，ＳｉＣｗ与ＴｉＢ２晶粒之间有较适宜的界面结合，两相之间未发现有明显的界面化学反应用，当该复合材料发生断裂时，其内部出现晶须拔出，裂纹桥连，裂纹偏转三种增韧机制。     

几类典型结构陶瓷材料的冲蚀磨损行为研究

研究了几类典型结构陶瓷材料，如Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＳｉＣ，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷，Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２系相变增韧陶瓷（ＺＴＡ，ＴＺＰ）和ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系晶须补强陶瓷（ＷＲＳＮ）有９０ｍ／ｓ下的冲蚀磨损性能，以及其与材料性能（硬度，断裂韧性）和冲蚀条件（粒子硬度，冲击角度）之间的关系，分析了冲蚀磨损机制。陶瓷材料的低角冲蚀磨损机制主要包括：研磨状损伤，犁沟状微切削损伤和晶粒剥落。低角冲蚀磨损率随材料硬度的增加     

Al2O3／SiCW陶瓷刀具材料中晶须的取向对其力学和切削性能的影响

Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＣＷ陶瓷刀具材料由于热压过程的影响，造成晶须在基体中定向排布于垂直热压方向的平面上，因此不同方向的补强、增韧效果有所差异。本工作测量了Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＣＷ陶瓷刀具材料不同方向上的断裂韧性和抗弯强度，分析了晶须的取向对该陶瓷刀具材料力学性能的影响。切削试验表明晶须的取向对晶须增韧陶瓷刀具材料的磨损和破损性能有较好的影响。根据切削加工过程中刀具的受力特点，提出了有利于切削加工的刀具前、     

SiCw在Al2O3—C复合耐火材料中的原位生长

通过引入金属Ｓｉ和活性Ｃ对ＳｉＣ晶须在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃ复合耐火材料中的原位生长进行了实验研究,利用ＳＥＭ结合电子探针（ＥＰＭＡ）研究了ＳｉＣｗ在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃ复合耐火材料中的原位生长机理,提出了液－固生长机理,并讨论了其热力学和动力学条件．     

热处理气氛对AIN／SiCw（Y2O3—SiO2）复合材料性能的影响

将ＡＩＮ／ＳｉＣｗ（Ｙ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２）复合材料在氧气氛和氮气氛下进行热处理,研究热处理气氛对材料性能的影响,并利用ＸＲＤ、ＥＰＡ、ＳＥＭ和ＨＲＥＭ等技术分析了材料的相组成、显微结构和粒界相。结果表明：该材料在１３００℃空气中热处理,材料性能得到改善,材料的断裂强度和韧性增长幅度明显大于氮气气氛下的热处理。在空气中氧化处理对Ｙ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２组成靠近其低共熔点组成的试样具有良好的增强增韧作用,可有     

增韧SiC陶瓷在蒸馏水润滑下的摩擦学特性

在ＭＭ－２００块－环接触磨损试验上，测定了一种增韧ＳｉＣ陶瓷在蒸馏水下自配对，与ＷＣ＋Ｃｏ硬质合金和等离子喷涂Ｃｒ２Ｏ３涂层配对摩擦系数和摩损系数，利用ＳＥＭ，ＸＰＳ和ＦＴＩＲ等测试技术，观察和分析了磨痕的形貌和化学组成，讨论了摩擦副材料的显微结构和机械性能对ＳｉＣ陶瓷的摩擦学的特性的影响，实验表明，该增韧ＳｉＣ陶瓷大水介质中滑动，ＳｉＣ与水发生化学反应，在磨损表面形成一层由ＳｉＯ２与Ｓｉ（ＯＨ）     

助烧剂Y2O3对ZrO2（Y—TZP）—Si3N4系统中ZrO2相组成的影响

本文研究了助烧剂Ｙ２Ｏ３对ＧＰＳＺｒＯ２（３ｍｏｌ％Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系统中ＺｒＯ２相结构的影响。研究结果表明：ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系统中不添加Ｙ２Ｏ３助烧剂,ＺｒＯ２相组成主要以ｍ－ＺｒＯ２形式存在,并有少量氮稳定ＺｒＯ２;ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系统中添加５ｗｔ％Ｙ２Ｏ３助烧剂,ＺｒＯ２相组成为ｃ－ＺｒＯ２、不能相变的过稳定ｔ－ＺｒＯ２。     

Compact Swelling in Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3.6Oy During the Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phase

Compact swelling in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been studied by observing the effects of the size of calcined powders, volatilization of materials, and sintering of high- T _c (2223) powders. The bulk density increases at the early stage of sintering, for about 20 h, and then decreases. Densification occurs when the low- T _c (2212) phase and a liquid phase exist, whereas dedensification occurs with the formation of the 2223 phase regardless of the presence of the liquid. Gas evolution from specimens does not appear to be responsible for compact swelling. Compact swelling is explained by anisotropic growth of thin, platelike 2223 grains in random orientation. When 2223 grains grow in a preferred direction, compact swelling is suppressed.     

Synthetic routes to nanoscale BxCyNz architectures

B_xC_yN_z nanoscale materials, hybrids of h-BN and graphite, have been recently synthesised using various techniques. Here, we present the latest advances in the synthesis and characterisation of B-C-N nanotubes and nanofibres. In particular, we focus on layered BC₂N, BN, BC and CN_x systems, reviewing their production methods as well as their structural and electronic properties. These materials may find important applications in the fabrication of nanotransistors, robust nanocomposites, conducting polymers, storage components and field emission sources.     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaTiO3-CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 Ceramics Doped with Li3NbO4

The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi_{1− x} (Al_1/2Nb_1/2) _x O₃ solid solutions (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been investigated. The sintered samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO₃. The substitution of Ti⁴⁺ by Al³⁺/Nb⁵⁺ improved the quality factor Q of the sintered specimens. A small addition of Li₃NbO₄ (about 1 wt%) was found to be very effective for lowering sintering temperature of ceramics from 1450–1500° to 1300°C. The composition with x = 0.5 sintered at 1300°C for 5 h revealed excellent dielectric properties, namely, a dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of 48, a Q × f value of 32 100 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ_f) of −2 ppm/K. Li₃NbO₄ as a sintering additive had no harmful influence on τ_f of ceramics.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Structure Evolution from Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 to La(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3

The crystal structure of lanthanum-modified lead magnesium niobates having composition (Pb_{1− x} La _x ) (Mg_{(1+ x )/3}-Nb_{(2− x )/3})O₃ with X = 0 to 1 was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. It was found that the fundamental reflections from perovskite structure remain in the whole range of composition. The superlattice reflections from the A(B'_1/2-B"_1/2)O₃ ordered structure are also well preserved for La content greater than 50 at.%; however, a series of extra peaks of mixing indices appears, with intensities gradually enhanced with the increase of La content. For the complete substitution of Pb by La, a splitting of some reflections can be observed in the diffraction pattern. The results indicate that the crystal structure evolves continuously with the La content, from disordered cubic perovskite of space group Pm 3 m for X = 0, to ordered cubic perovskite of space group Fm 3 m for X = 0.5, distorted cubic perovskite of space group Pa 3 for 0.5 < X < 0.9, and finally to a rhombohedral perovskite, possibly belonging to the space group R 3 , for X ≥ 0.9. In the evolution of structure, a linear reduction of the lattice constant of the perovskite cell from 4.048 to 3.964 Å was observed.     

Characteristic Spherulitic Microstructure in Partial-Melt-Processed YBa2Cu3Ox/HfO2

The microstructure of partial-melt-processed YBa₂Cu₃O _x /HfO₂ has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. A characteristic spherulitic microstructure is formed in the system. A model for the growth mechanism has been proposed. The critical heterogeneous nucleation of the YBa₂Cu₃O _x phase appears to occur from the melt in an epitaxially controlled manner on CuO particles. Subsequent growth of YBa₂Cu₃O _x platelets from the nucleus region is repeatedly interrupted by the nucleation of hafnium-rich phases in the liquid at the solid/liquid interface in a manner that again appears to be epitaxially controlled and that promotes the splay of the c orientation of the YBaCuO grain.