电站锅炉管内壁缺陷多通道涡流检测装置试验研究

为检测电站锅炉管内壁缺陷,在分析涡流检测原理基础上,建立管道及检测线圈三维仿真模型,进行管内壁缺陷单通道及多通道涡流检测分析。分析结果表明,线圈直径范围内检测灵敏度最高点位于线圈半径1/2处,灵敏度最低点位于线圈外径边界处。据此设计制 作了多通道涡流检测装置,该检测装置可有效检测出试样管道内壁的5.0 mm×0.2 mm× 0.2 mm（长×宽×深）缺陷,且实际管道检测结果准确可靠,为电站锅炉管内壁缺陷高灵敏度自动化检测提供了一种新的方法。     

一种新型涡流传感器在冷凝器不锈钢波纹管检测中的应用

冷凝器不锈钢波纹管属于薄壁非铁磁性管,其外径和壁厚随螺旋重复变化.一般情况下,冷凝器不锈钢管的检验多采用涡流检测,常规的涡流检测探头为差动线圈,垂直于线圈轴向布置,线圈间距为1-2-1结构.常规涡流检测不锈钢波纹管主要存在波纹的干扰无法消除、信噪比低导致孔状缺陷的检出灵敏度降低,以及波纹信号与横向裂纹信号相位差别很小且幅值较大,使涡流检测灵敏度显著下降等问题.为此,通过分析涡流传感器的电磁场分布,设计出一种新型涡流传感器.     

发电厂管道脉冲涡流测厚关键技术研究与应用

发电厂汽水管道一般在管道外加装保温层,提高热交换效率。铁磁性管道的主要检测手段是常规超声检测和导波检测,检测前需要将管道外壁的保温层拆除,检测工序繁琐,导致检测时间和成本增加。脉冲涡流检测方法可在不拆卸保温层的条件下,实现管道快速筛查。检测线圈方式和灵敏度是脉冲涡流检测的重要指标,利用ANSYS中的Maxwell模块进行管件建模及仿真,对比同轴式与垂直式检测线圈对检测结果影响,选择合适的检测线圈,研究脉冲涡流检测灵敏度,在试块中进行验证总结,提出脉冲涡流技术未来的发展方向。     

耐高温双线圈结构电磁超声换能器设计

针对常规电磁超声换能器高温下存在永磁体或电磁铁芯退磁,难以在高温环境下进行在线检测的问题,提出一种耐高温双线圈结构电磁超声换能器设计方法。双线圈结构电磁超声换能器由励磁线圈、涡流线圈和试件组成。该文采用仿真与实验相结合的方式,分析励磁线圈孔径和提离变化下脉冲磁场分布特征,以及励磁线圈和涡流线圈配置关系对电磁超声换能效率影响。结果表明,小孔径励磁线圈虽然能够提供更大的脉冲磁场,但涡流线圈绕制匝数减少,又会降低接收信号强度;对于15 mm和25 mm孔径的励磁线圈,涡流线圈匝数分别为25匝和40匝时,得到的接收信号幅值和信噪比较好。依照提出的耐高温双线圈结构电磁超声换能器,对室温到450℃不锈钢试件实现了多次回波信号采集,具备对高温金属进行在线检测的能力。     

典型结构无线供电线圈工作特性仿真比较

以圆形、方形和DD形耦合线圈为例,研究了无线供电系统中三种典型结构线圈在不同条件下对理论最大传输效率的影响。利用Maxwell有限元仿真软件分别构造出典型线圈在等距结构和紧凑结构条件下,其空心线圈和加入磁芯的线圈对系统等效电阻、耦合系数、品质因数等关键电参数的影响。通过对三种典型耦合线圈性能的仿真数据对比分析,给出了线圈在不同条件下的特性变化趋势,对无线供电系统的线圈设计具有重要的指导意义。     

基于涡流技术的高压电缆铅封裂纹缺陷检测研究

铅封作为最普遍的高压电缆金属铅护套或铝护套的中间连接方式,有着极重要的密封防水作用。为了确保高压电缆安全稳定运行并提升电缆服役寿命,需要对电缆接头的铅封状态进行定期检查,降低铅封开裂带来的安全隐患。文中首先分析了高压电缆铅封开裂的原因,并对比了针对其裂纹缺陷常用的检测方法,提出了利用涡流检测技术对高压电缆铅封裂纹缺陷进行检测的方法。文中分析了涡流检测技术的原理及信号处理方法,并通过COMSOL有限元软件仿真、模拟实验和现场检测验证了采用涡流技术对高压电缆铅封开裂进行检测的可能性。研究结果表明,涡流探伤技术可有效检测出高压电缆铅封是否开裂,且铅封开裂越严重,探头线圈阻抗幅值和相位的变化越明显。     

脉冲涡流阵列检测系统仿真与实验

针对传统脉冲涡流传感器在检测效率和精度上存在的不足,提出了一种由多个线圈组合而成的新型阵列脉冲检测模型。运用ANSOFT电磁场仿真软件对新型阵列检测模型进行了仿真分析,并搭建了实验平台进行测试。结果表明该检测模型具有良好的响应特性,每个线圈独立工作、同步响应,弥补了传统脉冲涡流仪器在快速检测时存在的不足,符合对导电基体进行快速定位和保护层厚度检测的要求,并且模型结构紧凑,可控性高,适合对大面积目标基体进行快速无损检测。     

基于涡流传感器阻抗变化的导电材料缺陷检测

涡流检测是应用在导电材料电磁无损检测和评估中的技术。在常温25 ℃下对试样表面缺陷区域的涡流分布进行有限元仿真分析,提出一种通过涡流传感器线圈阻抗变化对高温100 ℃与150 ℃下导电材料表面缺陷进行检测的方法。分别在常温和高温的条件下进行线圈阻抗测量并产生相应的阻抗3D表面颜色图,通过被测试片表面阻抗的振幅和相位分析其是否存在缺陷。测试结果证明当试件暴露于高温环境中,可以通过涡流传感器线圈阻抗的变化判断被试导电材料表面是否存在缺陷,并且给出了不同温度下缺陷和线圈阻抗之间的关系。     

感应线圈炮电枢的磁-结构耦合分析

电枢是感应线圈炮的关键部件,其在工作过程中易发生破坏。为了设计高强度的电枢,以保证感应线圈炮实验研究的顺利进行,建立了电枢磁-结构耦合过程的数学模型;用有限元仿真程序建立了感应线圈炮的仿真模型,并对所建模型进行了仿真,得到了电枢的涡流、电磁力、变形及应力分布规律;分析了电枢后端部壁厚变化对电枢应力的影响规律。结果表明:电枢的涡流密度、所受电磁力和结构变形在电枢的后端部最大,最大应力值位于电枢后端部内侧,并且随着电枢壁厚的增加,电枢的最大应力值逐渐减小,故在设计电枢时其后端部应采取加固措施以提高电枢的强度。     

单向CFRP表面缺陷的涡流检测与有限元仿真研究

针对目前钢制拉索耐腐蚀性差，寿命周期短，同时无法满足当前工程应用中超大跨距的要求，碳纤维复合材料因具有优异的机械性能和稳定的化学性能，为寻找替代钢拉索的新材料拉索提供了新的研究方向。本研究利用实验与数值仿真相结合的方法，开展CFRP裂纹损伤结构的涡流场分析与检测。结果表明，当激励频率为1 250 kHz时，线圈对碳纤维板索裂纹损伤检测最为敏感。裂纹处信号幅值随裂纹深度的增加而增加；随裂纹宽度的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势，在裂纹宽度为1.5 mm时幅值达到最大值。通过CFRP涡流场有限元仿真，能够有效地验证实验结果。涡流检测技术可以有效应用在CFRP的损伤缺陷检测当中，为今后利用电磁涡流技术实现CFRP拉索的在役缺陷检测提供参考依据。     

多级重接式电磁发射的电磁分析与有限元仿真

为了对多级发射达到高速时的电磁问题进行研究,以使用板状发射体和箱形线圈的多级重接式电磁发射为研究对象,推导了多级线圈电磁场和发射体涡流场的综合作用方程,利用ANSOFT电磁场有限元分析软件建立了三维有限元仿真模型并进行仿真计算。结果表明,多级线圈电流的同时存在,既改变了单级线圈的磁场分布和磁感应强度大小,也改变了发射体中局部涡流密度的大小和发射体受力的大小。这种改变与线圈电流的频率和相位差异相关,并且线圈间距越小,这种综合作用的影响越大。     

Experimental studies on a structure of eddy current probe for detection of magnetic flux distorted by a flaw

Bobbin-coil-type eddy current probes, which are conventionally used for nondestructive inspection of steam generator tubes in pressurized-water-type nuclear power plants, have poor detection sensitivity to circumferential flaws. Hence a new type of eddy current probe was proposed to effectively detect the magnetic flux component that is indicative of a flaw and thus to eliminate the dependency on sensitivity in flaw detection. In the course of development of the proposed method, probe structures were investigated based on the measurement of magnetic fields induced by variously-shaped excitation flat coils. The new type of probe proposed here consists of differential pick-up coils detecting magnetic flux and excitation coils having a parallelogrammic shape. The structure of the coils was fabricated in order to detect flaws independently of their directions in trial. Nondestructive flaw detection tests were then conducted with the probe. The results obtained concrete evidence showing that both the horizontal, the vertical slit-flaws and even the small hole of 0.5 mm in diameter can be detected successfully.     

Adaptation of Discrete‐Type Cores for Secondary Coils of Wireless Power Transfer System for Railway

This paper examines the shapes of cores for secondary coils of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system for a railway. An infinitely long cable‐type coil is utilized as the primary coil for the WPT system because it is economical. Thus, this paper examines the ferrite core shapes for the secondary coils that are suitable for an infinitely long primary coil. The cores should be as thin as possible to reduce weight. However, bonding small cores to manufacture larger thin cores reduces the performance of the secondary coils. As a result, the cores are paradoxically required to be thicker. Therefore, this paper proposes the adaptation of thicker discrete‐type cores with the same volume as conventional flat‐type cores for the secondary coils.     

五种纵向磁场真空灭弧室触头磁场特性分析比较

用三维有限元法研究了线圈、杯状,两极和四极及双线圈五种纵磁真空灭弧室触头的纵向磁感应强度分布、触头片上涡流分布和纵向磁场滞后时间.研究表明:(1)电流峰值时纵向磁场由强到弱依次排列为:线圈式触头、两极式结构、双线圈式触头、杯状和四极式触头;(2) 电流过零时剩余磁场由弱到强依次为:四极式触头、两极式触头、杯状触头、双线圈式触头和线圈式触头; (3)纵向磁场较强处滞后时间由小到大依次为:两极式触头、四极式触头、线圈式触头、双线圈式触头和杯状纵磁触头.     

采用复式激励的新型远场涡流探头

传统的远场涡流探头其信号幅度低。长度长、检测扫描速度低和激励功率大等突出弱点限制了它的开发应用。远场涡流现象机理研究的新发展，给新型探头的设计与改进提供了理论依据。在激励线圈和检测线圈之间增加一个辅助激励线圈，改变了激励线圈附近的能量流分布规律，是实现向激励线圈移近“二次穿透”区的有效方法。计算和实验都表明复式激励远场涡流探头极大地改善了探头特性。     

Risk of ignition due to transition currents in medium voltagemotors for classified locations

In 1984, during commissioning of a two-pole 13.2 kV motor driving a compressor in a chemical plant, arcing and sparking were observed at the joints of the enclosure. Later two motor explosions, which occurred on offshore platforms, were presumably ignited by arcing and sparking at the joints of the enclosures. This information instigated further investigations. The research work and measurements, which basically apply to all 1000 r/min and above machines of multisection enclosure design are discussed. In the presence of a flammable vapor, the current transfers at enclosure joints are a potential ignition source. These eddy currents in the enclosure are created by stray fields emerging from the active part of the motor consisting of stator and rotor. On the basis of the investigations, necessary remedial measures for large high-speed (1000 r/min and above) motors are described     

基于赫姆霍兹线圈LCC-S型多负载无线电能传输系统的研究

针对多负载无线电能传输系统存在负载之间功率分配不均及取放负载时对其他负载有影响的问题,提出了基于赫姆霍兹线圈LCC-S型多负载无线电能传输系统。首先,利用电路互感模型对该系统进行了建模分析,推导出了流过发射线圈的电流、输出电压及效率的表达式,研究了工作频率和负载个数对效率的影响,该系统还具有恒压输出的特性。其次,为了使发射线圈产生的磁场更加均匀,发射线圈采用赫姆霍兹线圈,利用有限元仿真软件设计了两种赫姆霍兹线圈,这两种赫姆霍兹线圈在轴中心附近的较大范围内产生均匀的磁场。最后通过仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。     

铝管式油冷器横向磁通感应加热线圈研究

为了实现铝管式油冷器的横向磁通感应加热技术(TFIH),并解决传统平面线圈存在的管端溶蚀和合格率低问题,设计了一种新型锥形线圈来替代传统平面线圈.通过COMSOL软件基于变物性条件进行电磁-热耦合仿真,分析了铝管式油冷器的温度分布、升温曲线、电流密度分布和焦耳热分布情况,并分析了锥角对加热效果的影响.结果 表明,铝管式油冷器在新型锥形线圈下具有较好的温度分布,避免了管端溶蚀并且合格率在95％以上.使用温度传感器对管端温度进行监控,耦合仿真的相对误差在4％以内,结果表明耦合仿真具有一定的精度.此项研究可以指导工业设计及生产,为铝管式油冷器提供了TFIH线圈解决方案.     

Development of a 400 kJ Nb3Sn superconducting magnet for an SMES system

An Nb₃Sn superconducting magnet to store 400 kJ was developed as a unit magnet for a 2.4-MJ SMES system used for stabilization studies of electrical power systems. The superconducting magnet consists of a cryostat and an Nb₃Sn coil. The dimensions of the coil are: 340 mm inner diameter, 700 mm outer diameter and 177 mm axial length. The pool-cooled coil is a stack of 20 Nb₃Sn double pancakes, and the cooling channels are aligned between pancake coils. To reduce Joule loss in electrical power converters, the maximum operating current of the coil is designed to be 350 A, which is one order of magnitude less than the operating currents of similar scale coils for pulse use. The conductor is an Nb₃Sn monolithic conductor with cross section 1.50 × 2.38 mm. For good superconducting stability and high dielectric strength of the coil, the Nb₃Sn double pancakes were wound by the react-and-wind technique. Operation of dc current to 105% (367.5 A) of the design operating current was achieved without quench. After the whole of the coil was exposed out of liquid helium, the coil did not quench under 120 A current operation for more than 2 hours. It was verified that the coil was stable for the SMES system. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 121(3): 44–52, 1997     

Levitation coil length optimization of a magnetically levitated train

An experimental line of a magnetically levitated train (MAGLEV) using superconducting magnets (SCM) is now under construction in Yamanashi Prefecture. In the MAGLEV system, the levitation coils are mounted in the side walls. The induced current of the levitation coils generates magnetic flux that includes higher order harmonics. These harmonics generate eddy currents at the surface of the vacuum vessels of the SCM. Forces produced by interaction between the eddy current and the static magnetic field of the SCM cause evaporation of liquid helium, or SCM quenching in the worst case. The number of levitation coil layer is now restricted to one, but by removing the restriction, it is possible to reduce the amplitude of the harmonics of the magnetic flux. In this paper, the relationship of the flux amplitude to the levitation coil length is investigated; it is found that there is an optimum length at which the amplitude is minimized.