并行传输线共模泄漏的等效场-线耦合数值模型

针对并行传输线间感性和容性耦合计算问题,该文提出并行传输线等效场-线耦合亚网格时域有限差分(FDTD)数值模型,模型更适合非均匀介质等复杂情形的耦合串扰求解,且具有更为简洁的数值计算形式。利用该等效场-线耦合数值模型,对并行传输线间共模电磁信息泄漏进行模拟仿真和实验测试,时域模拟和频域实验结果均表明,该模型可以有效刻画并行传输线共模电磁信息泄漏发射特性。     

机载线缆间的串扰耦合分析

串扰是机载设备间互联线缆干扰耦合的重要因素。以混合模S参数为基础,建立单线-双绞线模型以模拟机载设备之间的动力线缆对信号线产生的串扰耦合。在此模型基础上提出串扰耦合测试方案,搭建串扰耦合测试系统,并根据测试获得的耦合系数评估单线-双绞线线间串扰耦合强弱。通过测试比较,对影响因素进行分析,结果表明,距地高度对线间串扰影响不大,线间距对线间串扰耦合影响显著,因此在条件允许下尽可能增加设备间互联线缆的间距可有效抑制串扰耦合。     

耦合传输线信道传输矩阵建模及串扰抵消效果分析

针对高速互连系统中传输线上的串扰问题,基于电磁耦合理论,研究了耦合传输线信道传输矩阵的性质,建立了以下两种情况的耦合传输线信道传输矩阵模型及其矩阵分解形式,分别是：（1）考虑受扰线两边各一条相邻微带线对受扰线的串扰;（2）考虑受扰线两边各两条相邻微带线对受扰线的串扰.给出了上述两种情况下基于耦合传输线信道传输矩阵分解形式的串扰抵消方案,并利用仿真工具ADS对其进行了验证.结果表明：信号抖动和失真大幅下降,串扰抵消效果良好,并且第二种情况下的串扰抵消效果优于第一种情况.该结果说明了在基于耦合传输线信道传输矩阵进行串扰抵消时,考虑两边各两条相邻微带线的串扰效果较好,对保持高速信号完整性具有一定的实际应用价值.     

非均匀传输线间的串扰研究

应用时域有限差分法对非均匀传输线间的串扰耦合进行分析。基于细线散射的时域有限差分法分析非均匀结构时,采用阶梯式均匀传输线模型,对非均匀传输线进行分段逼近。针对不等长、线径变化、非平行线和交叉线4种情况分析其参数变化对串扰的影响。研究表明：不等长电缆超出部分长度对串扰耦合幅度影响较小,对谐振频率影响较大;电缆线径的变化对其串扰耦合影响较小;非平行线和交叉线的角度对电缆间串扰的影响较大。     

动车组内电磁场对线缆耦合及抑制措施分析

分析动车组在运行的时候产生的空间电磁干扰源,采用Agrawal传输线理论对场线耦合进行分析计算;分析干扰源参数变化对传输线终端负载电流的影响;通过计算数据分析线缆的抗干扰措施,为车辆布线电磁兼容性设计提供参考。     

基于传输线理论的双绞线电磁脉冲响应

双绞线是电子信息设备综合布线工程中最常用的一种线缆,在高频电磁环境中,双绞线将成为外界电磁信号的耦合对象,对端接设备造成干扰甚至破坏作用。为研究双绞线的电磁脉冲效应,基于分布参数传输线理论,推导得到了双绞线在外界电磁脉冲激励下的耦合响应计算公式。结果表明,在高频电磁环境中,双绞线相对于平行线确有较强的抗干扰能力。研究方法和结论对于双绞线电磁脉冲响应的定量研究及抗干扰能力评估具有一定参考意义。     

雷电电磁脉冲场对双绞线的耦合研究

为研究双绞线短线缆在雷电电磁脉冲场辐照下终端负载的感应电压,利用WU-800 型MARX 源和有界波模拟器来模拟雷电电磁脉冲场,对双绞线进行辐照耦合试验。试验中改变雷电电磁脉冲场波形、双绞线长度、辐射场与线缆夹角、双绞线终端负载（线性及非线性）,观测双绞线终端负载处的响应电压,分析响应规律。结果表明：雷电电磁脉冲场的上升沿对线缆耦合电压幅值影响较大,脉宽对耦合电压影响较小;辐照试验中线缆长度具有选频特性,随着短线缆长度的增加,终端负载响应电压的主频点逐步降低,但幅值逐步增大;电场极化方向对线缆终端响应幅值有较大影响,但并不改变响应波形;线缆在辐照情况下对终端负载可等效为一电压源,受测端负载电压满足电压源分压原理,非受测端负载改变等效电压源的内部参数,但影响较小;双绞线连接二极管,会显著影响耦合电压的频谱分布,同时幅值也会改变。     

多导体传输线高频分布参数分析

多导体传输线高频场线耦合研究是当前电磁兼容研究的重点和难点,而多导体传输线上的耦合响应与线上的高频分布参数紧密相关。由于经典传输线理论中采用准TEM波近似,使其不适用于求解高频分布参数。为此,从基于TLST理论的非均匀多导体传输线高频场耦合模型出发,对多导体传输线高频分布参数进行了研究和分析,计算出多导体传输线上的沿线单位长度高频分布参数,并将其与利用经典传输线理论计算得到的结果进行了比较,对二者的差异进行了分析,最后通过高频场线耦合算例说明了本文高频分布参数计算的正确性。     

混响室“全向辐照”电磁环境场线耦合规律分析

基于传输线原理,通过构建均匀分布在单位球面的入射电磁波模拟混响室内"全向辐照"电磁环境,建立了混响室散射场条件下场线耦合模型.利用此模型对双线传输线进行数值模拟,研究了传输线的长度、终端负载等关键参数对响应信号的影响.结果表明:传输线对混响室散射场条件下的"全向辐照"电磁环境有明显的选频特性,终端负载响应信号的峰值出现在以线缆长度为波长的频点的n/2倍处,其中n=1,2,3…;传输线终端负载阻值的变化不会对其响应曲线的变化规律产生影响,但会影响其响应峰值;传输线其中一个端口的负载阻值变化不会显著影响另一端负载响应信号.     

二平行传输线间的串扰分析

对其地平行传输线间的串扰耦合进行分析,得出耦合响应与信号频率、线间距及线距地高度的关系,给出了电子电路设计中传输布设的原则。并对PCB布线提出参考。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks