含铜金矿生物浸出渣铜品位对氰化提金的影响

对紫金山低品位含铜金矿进行生物浸出—介质转换—氰化提金摇瓶试验,考察不同生物浸出周期铜的浸出率以及生物浸出渣中铜的品位对后续氰化提金的影响。结果表明,生物浸出12d,含铜金矿中73%的铜溶出,浸出渣铜品位降至0.096%。生物浸出渣铜品位对氰化浸出有显著影响,随着铜品位的升高,氰化钠耗量、氰化过程铜的浸出率以及贵液铜浓度均升高。为降低铜对氰化提金的影响,生物浸出渣中铜的品位应降至0.1%以下。     

低品位金铜混合矿综合利用工业试验

针对紫金山低品位金铜混合矿,采用生物堆浸—介质转换—氰化提金工艺进行千吨级工业试验,考察了生物堆浸过程中铜和铁的浸出行为、酸碱介质转换和氰化提金技术指标,并进行经济效益分析。结果表明,在矿石粒度50mm、堆高5m条件下生物浸出周期80d,氰化浸出30d,渣计铜、金浸出率分别为55.2%、50%;吨矿生产成本72.24元,产值75.11元。     

紫金山铜矿生物堆浸过程酸铁平衡实践与优化方向

紫金山铜矿低品位矿石采用生物堆浸—萃取—电积工艺产出阴极铜。矿石中主要铜矿物为蓝辉铜矿及铜蓝,同时含有较高含量的黄铁矿,耗酸脉石含量低。铜矿物浸出过程中,伴随着黄铁矿的氧化产酸产铁,造成堆浸系统溶液中酸铁浓度的不断累积,影响到浸出、萃取及环保处理工序,需要通过不断地中和来降低酸铁浓度。介绍了紫金山铜矿生物堆浸的技术特点,对生物堆浸过程中高酸高铁和低酸低铁两种工艺实践中酸铁平衡实践进行总结;结合紫金山铜矿矿石矿物学信息,进行酸平衡计算,确定了堆浸过程中黄铁矿氧化过程对酸铁平衡的影响;分析工艺条件对酸铁平衡的影响,并提出未来解决酸铁过剩的工艺优化方向。     

紫金山金铜矿生物提铜尾废资源再生初步研究

紫金山低品位次生硫化铜矿采用绿色、高效、低碳的生物提铜工艺，年产阴极铜规模2万吨。矿石中高硫铜比使得生物浸出过程可以自发进行，除水外无需补酸和添加任何药剂。每吨矿石的净产酸量约为3 kg,造成生物浸出过程酸铁过剩，需要开路，且喷淋周期从经济性上受到制约，一般不超过200天。喷淋周期结束后，浸出旧堆不出渣，原位封堆绿化，但酸性环境下生态修复难度大且成本高。研究了过剩酸铁溶液对完成浸铜周期老堆的浸出行为，并初步研究了该类尾废的资源利用方向。     

微裂纹对硫化铜矿生物浸出的影响研究

利用紫金山低品位硫化铜矿,研究了微裂纹对铜生物浸出效果的影响。分别利用颚式破碎机、对辊破碎机和高压辊磨机对硫化铜矿进行破碎,采用体式显微镜、扫描电镜、核磁共振岩心成像系统和比表面积分析仪对矿石微裂纹及孔隙度进行观察统计与表征。结果表明,高压辊磨较颚式破碎和对辊破碎可以产生更多的微裂纹,同时高压辊磨破碎铜矿样品的孔隙度均高于颚式破碎和对辊破碎。-1.7mm粒级铜矿样品摇瓶浸出试验表明,由于高压辊磨破碎样品的比表面积和孔隙度更大,铜矿物与浸出液接触更加充分,浸出效果比颚式破碎和对辊破碎好。另外,-6.7+3.35mm粒级铜矿样品生物柱浸试验结果表明,含有更多微裂纹的高压辊磨破碎样品铜浸出率比颚式破碎提高9.10~15.43个百分点,比对辊破碎提高3.12~9.45个百分点。     

Silver catalyzed bioleaching of low-grade copper ores. Part III: Column reactors

A study of the effect of different variables (inoculation, [Ag], silver addition mode, reactivation of the ore (i.e. delayed silver addition), composition of the pregnant liquid solution, ore particle size, pH and aeration) on the silver-catalyzed bioleaching of two different low-grade copper (> 600 μm) has been investigated in column reactors.The two low-grade copper ores tested, lower K-ore and Pinto Valley Dump ore, behaved similarly during the silver catalyzed process. After more than 300 days of leaching, the addition of both silver and bacteria improved the copper extraction from both low-grade chalcopyritic ores. Copper extraction in the presence of silver displays paralinear kinetics with two stages very well defined, with the first stage being much faster than the second one.Copper extraction from the K-ore surpassed 70% after 350 days of bioleaching using low concentrations of silver (1.4 g Ag/kg Cu). The addition of silver was effective even after the bioleaching process was started. Conversely, silver addition mode and aeration were not significant variables in the bioleaching process. The effect of a pregnant liquid solution collected from a first bioleaching experiment demonstrated that the build up of the solution can negatively affect the copper extraction during the silver-catalyzed chalcopyrite process.Copper extraction from PVD ore surpassed 60% after 300 days of bioleaching using 1.24 g Ag/kg Cu. Copper extraction was substantially affected by both [Ag] and ore particle size. For the ranges between 0.25 and 1.00 g Ag/kg Cu and between < 5.08 × 10⁴ and < 1.27 × 10⁴ μm, the dissolution of copper was favoured with the highest amount of silver and the smallest particle size. On the other hand, silver concentration, pH and silver addition mode were not influential variables in the process.Chemical analyses, XRD and SEM/EDX studies were carried out on different residues after 100, 200 and 325 days of experimentation. Chemical analysis showed that copper is selectively bioleached in the presence of silver and bacteria, while silver remains in the solid phase. The SEM study showed that pyrite remains mainly unattacked during the bioleaching of chalcopyrite from the low-grade copper ore. Jarosite, gypsum and elemental sulphur precipitates have been identified on the residues.     

我国铜矿微生物浸出技术的研究进展

回顾了我国微生物浸出技术发展的历史进程, 总结了我国开展生物浸铜技术的探索与应用进程, 介绍了紫金山铜矿、德兴铜矿两个典型的生物浸铜案例; 探讨了浸矿细菌分离、鉴定与富集, 生物浸出机理与界面反应, 浸出体系多级渗流行为, 孔隙结构重构与定量化, 浸出体系多场耦合与过程模拟, 电子废弃物中的铜金属回收领域的主要进展.最后, 结合生物浸铜技术的当前进展, 阐述了生物浸铜技术面临的环保、安全等方面的挑战与未来发展趋势, 为今后该领域的研究提供良好借鉴.      

Silver-catalyzed bioleaching of low-grade copper ores.: Part I: Shake flasks tests

A study of the effect of different variables (inoculation, pulp density, [Ag], nutrient medium, pH and [Fe³⁺]) on the silver-catalyzed bioleaching of a low-grade copper sulfide ore has been carried out in shake flasks. Chalcopyrite was the dominant copper mineral in the ore. Preliminary tests showed that addition of other ions (Sb, Bi, Co, Mn, Ni and Sn) did not enhance the copper dissolution rate. Conversely, an inoculation with mesophilic microorganisms and the addition of silver had a markedly catalytic effect on the extraction of copper. The kinetics of the silver-catalyzed chalcopyritic ore bioleaching was greatly affected by pulp density and silver concentration. Small amounts of silver (14.7 g Ag/kg Cu) dramatically accelerated the copper dissolution process while large amounts (294.12 g Ag/kg Cu) had an inhibitory effect. The copper dissolution rate was slightly affected in the range of pH between 1.2 and 2.5 but was significantly slower at pH 3.0. The effect of [Fe³⁺] in the presence of silver was studied both in abiotic and biotic conditions. High ferric iron concentrations in abiotic tests recovered similar copper amounts (∼ 95%) to those obtained without or with low [Fe³⁺] in the presence of bacteria. The leaching of copper from the low-grade copper ore can be very effectively enhanced with silver and mesophilic microorganisms. For that system, the onset of oxidizing conditions starts at an Eh value slightly higher than 650 mV. Above that critical value of potential the copper dissolution rate slows down. This also corresponds with the completion of the leaching process. As the potential rises past 650 mV, the copper extraction reaches a plateau.     

堆浸厂实现达产目标的可行性分析

本文紧扣德兴铜矿堆浸现状与设计 ,对达产 2 0 0 0t/a电铜的能力进行了适当的分析 ,并对提高德兴铜矿堆浸电铜产量提出了有效的措施。     

铜湿法冶金现状及未来发展方向

目前氧化铜矿堆浸／溶剂萃取／电积生产阴极铜，已被证实是一种低成本的铜冶炼方法。堆浸／萃取／电积法的成功也带来了开发湿法冶金工艺从黄铜矿和其他铜精矿中提铜的复兴，本文论述了湿法炼铜工艺的现状并考察了商业上最具吸引力的潜在应用，对湿法处理黄铜矿精矿的优缺点及其初步的经济指标与现有最好的铜熔炼和精炼生产进行了比较。     

铜湿法冶金现状及未来发展方向

目前氧化铜矿堆浸/溶剂萃取/电积生产阴极铜,已被证实是一种低成本的铜冶炼方法。堆浸/萃取/电积法的成功也带来了开发湿法冶金工艺从黄铜矿和其他铜精矿中提铜的复兴,本文论述了湿法炼铜工艺的现状并考察了商业上最具吸引力的潜在应用,对湿法处理黄铜矿精矿的优缺点及其初步的经济指标与现有最好的铜熔炼和精炼生产进行了比较。     

自控系统在复杂金精矿湿法冶炼工艺中的应用

针对复杂含砷金精矿湿法冶炼工艺的特点及工艺过程控制的具体要求,为新疆阿希金矿复杂金精矿综合开发利用项目设计了先进、实用的自控系统。该系统采用先进的检测仪表及PLC控制系统,对两段焙烧、烟气制酸、湿法收砷、酸浸-萃取-电积提铜、氰化提金等工艺过程进行检测与自动控制,有效地保证了产品质量及安全生产。     

低品位次生硫化铜矿生物堆浸工艺优化研究

针对低品位次生硫化铜矿生物堆浸生产中浸出周期长的问题,进行了不同矿石粒度、不同堆高对铜、铁浸出影响的实验室试验和现场柱浸工业试验,优化了生物堆浸工艺,缩短浸出周期,提高了铜浸出率。结果表明,矿石粒度的降低可显著提高铜的浸出率,且不提高铁的溶出。相同粒度条件下,堆高提高有利于堆内温度保持,铜浸出率随之升高。-40mm工业柱浸出194d,铜的浸出率为62.67%,比-80mm高出10个百分点。     

Use of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria for the improvement of copper extraction from a low-grade ore

Bioleaching was examined for copper extraction from a low grade ore using mesophilic and moderate thermophilic bacteria. Five equal size columns were used for the leaching of the ore. Sulfuric acid solution with a flow rate of 3.12 L.m-2.h-1 and pH 1.5 passed through each column continuously for 90 d. In the first and the second column, bioleaching was performed without agglomeration of the ore and on the agglomerated ore, respectively. 28wt% of the copper was extracted in the first column after 40 d, while this figure was 38wt% in the second column. After 90 d, however, the overall extractions were almost the same for both of them. Bioleaching with mesophilic bacteria was performed in the third column without agglomeration of the ore and in the fourth column on the agglomerated ore. After 40 d, copper extractions in the third and the fourth columns were 62wt% and 70wt%, respectively. Copper extractions were 75wt% for both the columns after 90 d. For the last column, bioleaching was performed with moderate thermophilic bacteria and agglomerated ore. Copper extractions were 80wt% and 85wt% after 40 and 90 d, respectively. It was concluded that crushing and agglomeration of the ore using bacteria could enhance the copper extraction considerably.     

高铁生物堆浸液Na2S2O3回收铜新工艺

在生物浸铜过程中,Fe3+杂质逐步积累,当堆浸液中Fe3+浓度过高时,将使铜的萃取难以进行.本研究采用硫代硫酸钠处理高铁生物堆浸液使铜得到回收,当高铁生物堆浸液Cu2+为7.41g/L、TFe为27.9 g/L、Fe3+为14.68 g/L时,在反应温度为80℃,硫代硫酸钠用量为18 g/L,反应时间为60 min条件...     

低品位氧化铜矿堆浸工业试验

采用硫酸作浸出剂,对新疆土屋低品位氧化铜矿进行堆浸工业试验,重点考察了不同粒度和矿堆堆高的渗透性、铜浸出率及酸耗的变化,并探讨了当地气候条件对堆浸的影响。结果表明,-50mm的矿石堆浸60天,铜浸出率可达80%以上。吨矿酸耗和水耗分别为24.2kg和164kg,吨铜酸耗和水耗分别为9.4t和63.9t。该矿采用堆浸-萃取-电积工艺回收铜是可行的。     

Bioleaching of an organic-rich polymetallic concentrate using stirred-tank technology

The bioleaching of a concentrate produced from a black shale ore in an industrial operation in Poland was assessed. Following preliminary batch culture tests, processing in continuous conditions was tested to determine the main specifications for the application of the stirred-tank technology to this organic-rich polymetallic concentrate.The experimental work was carried out in a laboratory-scale unit consisting of three stirred tanks (50 L or 20 L) using an acidophilic and moderate thermophilic (42 °C) bacterial population. Different configurations of the unit and key operating parameters were tested (nutrient medium composition, solids concentration, agitation and aeration rates). The analysis of both bacterial community structure and mineralogical characteristics of the concentrate and the bioleach residues were implemented in order to better understand the chemical and biochemical reactions occurring in the system. Using the data produced during the continuous operation, downstream processing assessment for both copper and silver recovery was also carried out.The best copper recovery obtained in the continuous operation was 92% and hot brine leaching of the bioleaching residue (PLINT Process) permitted the recovery of 92% of the silver. Copper and silver recoveries seemed to be limited by incomplete chalcopyrite dissolution. A preliminary techno-economical evaluation of the concentrate bioleach processing, including bioleaching and copper and silver recoveries, demonstrated the potential economical feasibility. Silver recovery plays an important role in the process's finances. This study presents promising results that encourage further investigation of bioleach processing.     

酸化-硫化沉淀工艺处理紫金山金矿堆浸贵液工业调试及评价

针对紫金山金矿二选厂堆浸贵液进行了酸化-硫化沉淀法处理工艺的工业调试,结果表明:该技术不仅可以消除氰化物可溶性的铜矿物对低品位金矿浸出造成的不良影响,而且可以回收氰化物使其循环利用,还可以回收可销售的铜精矿,降低了黄金生产的运行成本,提高了企业的综合效益,在紫金山金矿和其他相似资源的金矿生产企业具有极大的推广价值。     

产氨细菌浸出碱性氧化铜矿

采用产氨菌种Providencia JAT-1,对云南某矿高碱性氧化铜矿进行氨浸体系下的摇瓶浸出试验.结果显示温度、矿浆液固质量比、助浸剂种类、助浸剂浓度以及细菌初始接种浓度对铜浸出率具有显著影响.在温度为30℃、矿浆液固质量比7:1、助浸剂硫酸铵浓度0.024 mol·L-1以及细菌初始接种浓度20%的条件下,产氨细菌浸出碱性氧化铜矿144 h后铜浸出率可达42.35%.通过对浸渣铜物相分析发现矿石中次生硫化铜浸出率最高.      

锌的生物浸出技术现状及研究进展

锌是现代工业所必需的有色金属,属于很重要的战略资源,其在世界所有金属产量中排名第四,仅次于铁、铝和铜。随着低品位难处理锌资源的种类和产量的不断增加,以及湿法冶金技术的不断发展,锌的生物浸出技术得到了研究人员的广泛关注,并展示出了良好的潜在应用前景。本文首先较为详细的介绍了含锌资源的矿物特征,并对其生物可浸性进行了分析。其次,对目前锌的生物浸出体系,所用浸矿菌种,浸出过程所涉及的电化学、热力学、动力学以及浸出机理进行了归纳总结;接着,对锌的生物浸出技术现状和工艺新进展进行了阐述。最后,展望了锌的生物浸出工艺的发展趋势及后续的研究热点。研究表明高效浸锌菌种的选育驯化、与之相匹配的工艺及装备研发,是锌的生物浸出当今研究热点及未来发展方向。