基于协变量信息的自适应MEWMA控制图

在统计过程控制中,质量变量通常会受到许多协变量因素的影响,充分利用协变量的有用信息可以进一步提高控制图的灵敏度,因此提出一种新的自适应多元EWMA控制图,并计算ARL进行比较。在MEWMA控制图的基础上引入一个权重函数,根据协变量的有用信息自适应的调节统计量的加权参数：当收集到的协变量信息发生偏移时,选择较大的加权参数,更关注当前和附近时间点观测值的偏移程度;反之则选择较小的参数。大量数值模拟分析表明,充分利用协变量中的有用信息之后,监控效果明显优于MEWMA、MCUSUM控制图。     

基于旋转门算法的自适应变频数据采集策略

针对无线传感器网络在监测类似室内或大棚等微气候环境数据时,传统的等间隔时间数据采集方法存在数据大量冗余、浪费网络带宽的问题,以及现有自适应变频数据采集策略仍然非常复杂的问题,提出一种基于旋转门算法的自适应变频数据采集策略,该策略根据旋转门算法能否“套住”数据以及能连续“套住”数据的次数,自适应地调整数据采集的间隔时间。仿真和实验结果证明,该策略与传统的等间隔时间数据采集方法相比,可以降低数据采集量76%以上,减少数据传输量90%以上。该策略具有创新性,实现简单,不仅可行,而且高效。     

基于规范变量残差的化工过程微小故障检测与诊断

微小故障因其幅值低而易被噪声和过程扰动所掩盖,并且会随时间慢慢演变成过程中的严重故障.因此,微小故障的检测和诊断变得越来越重要.为了更有效地监测和诊断微小故障,提出了基于规范变量残差的化工过程微小故障检测和诊断方法.首先,对Hankel矩阵执行奇异值分解来获得主元和残差空间并根据过去和未来数据的差异,求得两个不同的规范变量残差d_1, d_2.其次,考虑数据的时间序列特性,提出了基于规范变量残差的两个加权平均统计量W_(D1), W_(D2)及其控制限,进行故障检测;然后,计算出各个统计量的归一化贡献并绘制二维贡献图,进行故障诊断.最后,在连续搅拌釜式反应器(CSTR)过程中进行两种微小故障的应用研究.结果表明,与传统的统计量T~2,Q以及规范变量差异分析(CVDA)中统计量D相比,基于规范变量残差的加权平均统计量W_(D1), W_(D2)不仅能够及时检测到微小故障,而且在故障检测率和诊断率方面,均有不同程度的提高.     

飞行器数字化测量漂移检测及修正技术

对飞行器外形进行数字化测量时测量仪器与被测物之间没有固定连接,由于测量任务大、测量时间累积、测量环境变化等原因引起测量仪器与被测物之间发生相对微移动,使测量数据产生漂移,其漂移量值大小会导致测量结果失真,无法达到测量目的;对飞行器数字化测量微动漂移检测原理进行了详细的论述,并对其漂移量值进行修正,通过监测微移量,设置转站误差阈值,自动判断微移量是否符合转站条件,并对漂移量进行修正,通过实验数据验证了测量数据的有效性,有效提高了测量数据的准确性和可靠性。     

一种简单实用的温度自动控制器

本文介绍的温度自动控制器,是通过温度负反馈控制晶闸管的触发角,来控制电炉负载上的电压大小,从而控制被加热物质的温度。触发电路采用了极其简单的“幅值触发力电路。该控制器已用于常德电池厂锡温自动控制,温度能准确地控制在所需值上(310℃),且具有电路简单,安装调试容易,成本低等特点。现将其工作原理简述如下: 晶闸管幅值触发原理如图1(a)所示,从变压器B付边取出与电源同相的较低的交流电压ug,加在晶闸管Kp的门极与阴极之间。当电源为正半波时,ug上升到门极最小触发电压U_G=3.5伏,Kp导通,触发角为α_1,如图1(b);若减少ug,则达     

基于主元空间统计的传感器故障诊断与重构

针对主元分析故障诊断方法中所采用SPE统计量的局限性,通过分析主元模型的整体框架,提出一种通过T2统计量来研究传感器数据超限的故障检测与重构,确定故障大小与类型,采用迭代法恢复传感器示值的方法。仿真结果表明,该方法对传感器进行故障检测与重构后,其故障幅值完全处于精度范围内,且低于所要求的控制限。     

三效合一，谁与争锋——德图自校零差压温湿度变送器

正压或负压的监测是洁净室中的一个典型的压差测量的应用。市场上原有的差压变送器,在进行压力测量时总会受到温度漂移或是时间漂移这两个因素的影响,从而导致测量结果不够准确,影响洁净室工艺过程的精确控制。为了克服此类漂移,得到更为精准可靠的测量值,德图仪器（Testo）于2010年8月隆重推出新一代的差压变送器,采用了周期性自动零漂校准（自校零）的功能。     

基于SPC的储罐液位异常检测算法

油田中井场储罐液位的变化与油井的生产状况、运输过程以及现场管理等方面密切相关。实时检测油罐液位的异常变化,对安全生产管理非常重要。采用基于SPC(Statistical Process Control)的固定时间域可变采样间隔VSIFT(Variable Sampling Interval at Fixed Times)控制图以及自适应采样间隔统计控制图的液位数据异常检测方法可以提高异常检测效率。VSIFT控制图通过设置预警线调整采样间隔,自适应采样间隔统计控制图通过计算β风险的概率进行动态采样。实验结果表明,相比SPC的固定采样间隔统计控制图以及传统的时序数据异常检测,该方法能够结合实际情况充分分析当前状态的数据与历史数据的关系,探索出数据的动态变化规律,准确检测仅有少量异常点的数据异常,高效检测实时数据异常。该方法能提高异常检测的效率与准确率。     

基于Intranet的控制图系统

控制图的主要任务就是控制系统性差异造成的质量波动。提出了基于 Intranet的控制图系统设计方案 ,并讨论系统的组成、功能结构及具体的实现方法。现场的数据经控制图系统的统计运算 ,确定样本观测值的均值或加权均值、控制图中心线、控制图上下控制界限等统计量 ,并绘制相应的控制图形     

回声状态网络LM算法及混沌时间序列预测

回声状态网络（ESN）学习算法中可能存在解的奇异问题,在时间序列预测时易导致病态解问题,且伴随着具有较大幅值的输出权值,尤其是当训练样本个数小于输出权值维数时,ESN的解必为奇异的.鉴于此,考虑使用LM（Levenberg Marquardt）算法代替常用的线性回归方法,自适应选择LM参数,从而有效地控制输出权值的幅值,提高ESN的预测性能.通过Lorenz混沌时间序列进行预测研究,对大连月平均气温实际数据进行仿真研究,取得了较好的预测效果.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.