跨流域水库群最优调供水过程耦合研究

为了有效描述和求解跨流域水库群最优调供水过程,本文建立了基于0-1规划方法的水库群最优化调度模型,统一考虑并最终确定了最优调供水过程。为减少模型单次求解的变量数目,同时增加算法全局搜索的能力,本文借用逐步优化算法的思想,对传统粒子群进行改进,提出了逐步优化粒子群算法（PRA-PSO）对模型进行求解。最后,通过中国北方某大型跨流域调水工程的实例研究分析了模型的合理性和有效性。最优调供水过程的确定不仅可为采用隐随机优化方法确定跨流域水库群调水规则和供水规则提供最优化样本过程,而且对跨流域调水工程调度运行评价具有重要意义。     

跨流域水库群最优调供水过程耦合研究

为了有效描述和求解跨流域水库群最优调供水过程,本文建立了基于0-1规划方法的水库群最优化调度模型,统一考虑并最终确定了最优调供水过程。为减少模型单次求解的变量数目,同时增加算法全局搜索的能力,本文借用逐步优化算法思想,对传统粒子群进行改进,提出了逐步优化粒子群算法(PRA-PSO)对模型进行求解。最后,通过中国北方某大型跨流域调水工程的实例研究分析了模型的合理性和有效性。最优调供水过程的确定不仅可为采用隐随机优化方法确定跨流域水库群调水规则和供水规则提供最优化样本过程,而且对跨流域调水工程调度运行评价具有重要意义。     

调水背景下丹江口水库优化调度与效益分析

针对南水北调中线一期工程建成调水这一新常态下丹江口水库调度问题,从丹江口水库蓄水、供水、发电等不同运行任务出发,通过设定弃水最小化、发电量最大化调度目标函数和不同供水调度情景,建立了丹江口水库优化调度模型,构建满足丹江口水库调度运行方式的求解空间,采用1956—2015年丹江口天然入库径流系列,运用较成熟的动态规划优化算法对丹江口优化调度进行模拟,研究水源地枢纽丹江口水库不同调度目标函数和运行方式对下游区域水文情势和供需水平衡的影响,试图为提出可权衡汉江流域多方用水需求的丹江口调度运行方式提供基础支撑。结果表明:考虑南水北调中线一期工程引水后,采用丹江口优化调度方案的下泄水量>272亿m³,能够满足下游基础供水需求。     

水库调度决策单调性与动态规划算法改进

在灌溉、供水等调度中,水库经济效益随供水量增加常呈现"边际效用递减"的特征。本文在"边际效用递减"(即水库调度目标函数为凹函数)的假设下分析得到两阶段水库调度中本时段泄水量、下一时段余留水量与本时段初水库蓄水量间的单调增加关系,将这一单调关系由两阶段推广到多阶段水库调度并进一步提出动态规划算法改进:搜索域缩减算法和邻域搜索算法。在供水调度研究案例中,搜索域缩减算法和邻域搜索算法能将动态规划计算时间分别缩减50.4%和92.1%。进一步分析发电调度中水库水头、下泄水量对总发电量的耦合影响,讨论搜索域缩减算法和邻域搜索算法对发电调度的适用性,并将这两种算法在陡岭子水库发电调度中进行应用;计算结果表明搜索域缩减算法、邻域搜索算法能为发电调度提供有效的参考方案。     

跨流域供水水库群联合调度规则研究

针对跨流域供水水库群联合调度存在的主从递阶结构,提出了调水规则和供水规则相结合的跨流域供水水库群联合调度规则。其中,调水规则由一组基于各水库蓄水量的调水控制线表示,根据其间的相对位置关系,决定是否调水,调水量如何分配等;供水规则由各库供水调度图表示,对应于不同用水户的限制供水线将水库的兴利库容分为若干调度区。建立了适合于主从递阶结构的水库群联合调度二层规划模型,采用并行种群混合进化的粒子群算法对模型进行求解。中国北方某大型跨流域调水工程的实例研究证明了模型的合理性和有效性。     

水库供水发电多目标优化调度模型及应用研究

提出了一种研究确定水库最优供水量的多目标水库优化调度数学模型,此模型以供水量最大和发电量最大为目标函数,考虑水量平衡、防洪、发电、航运及水库综合利用要求约束条件.提出一种交互式的求解方法对模型进行解算,此方法首先采用约束法,通过松驰供水量最大目标将多目标模型转换成多个单目标模型,在单目标模型中引入2个参数,用于调整模型的计算结果.对单目标模型,采用动态规划法求解,求得多目标模型的不劣解集.提出一个用于选择多目标最优解的决策偏好系数,对多目标模型的不劣解集进行对比分析,从而确定多目标模型的最优解.应用所提出的方法研究了广东省白盆珠水库的调度方案,提出了白盆珠水库的最优供水方案.     

含支线调蓄的调水系统水库群联合调度

针对调水工程与其支线调蓄工程所面临的复杂水库群联合调度问题,以陕西省引汉济渭调水工程及其支线调蓄工程焦岩水库、玉带河水库构成的联合调度系统为工程实例,运用拓扑概化方式揭示了各水源之间的水利－水量联系,并由此构建了联合调度模型,采用协同粒子群算法求解了10 a长系列调度,提出了单一水库多目标供水方案,解析了耦合系统补给调水效果。结果表明：支线调蓄工程能够在均衡多目标供水效益的基础上,通过耦合系统有效增加补给调水量,显著改善调水过程。     

长江上游巨型水库群联合蓄水调度研究

以长江上游30座水库巨型水库群为研究对象,建立提前蓄水多目标联合优化调度模型,采用分区策略、大系统聚合分解、参数模拟优化方法和并行逐次逼近寻优算法求解。研究结果表明:所提模型框架可较好地解决巨型水库群联合蓄水优化调度问题;智能算法对于复杂约束的多目标优化问题可产生大量非劣解;Pareto前沿分布范围均匀且广泛,可供决策者灵活调度。与原设计方案相比,在防洪风险得到控制的前提下,通过水库群提前蓄水联合优化调度,水库总蓄满率由90.40%增加到94.42%,年均增发电量76.5亿kW·h(+3.76%),经济社会效益显著。     

跨流域引水后受水水库引水与供水联合调度研究

针对跨流域引水工程中受水水库引水与供水联合调度问题，建立了供水量最大与引水效率最高的多目标联合调度模型，并将其分解成两个单目标调度模型，应用长系列模拟优化的方法， 求解受水水库引水与供水联合调度图及其调度规则。以大伙房水库输水应急入连工程规划为基础，采用本文建立的模型方法对其受水水库碧流河水库进行实例研究，先后求解引水后水库最大可供水量以及如何高效引水的问题。结果表明，进行联合优化调度后，可提高跨流域引水的有效性，从而增加受水水库的综合效益。     

Water Transfer Triggering Mechanism for Multi-Reservoir Operation in Inter-Basin Water Transfer-Supply Project

This paper proposes a new water transfer triggering mechanism for multi-reservoir system to divert water from abundant to scarce regions with a constant diversion flow in an inter-basin water transfer-supply project. Taking into account of the uncertain nature of inflow, the storage of reservoir is taken as a signal for decision-making to indicate water abundance or water scarcity. In this study, a set of rule curves based on storage of donor reservoir and storage of recipient reservoir are used together to determine when to start water transfer. To initiate water diversion to each recipient reservoir effectively, several water transfer rule curves of the donor reservoir are set for each recipient reservoir respectively in the multi-reservoir system with one donor reservoir and several recipient reservoirs, which is the main difference in comparison with other water transfer triggering mechanisms. In addition, a systematic framework is developed to integrate the water transfer rule curves with hedging rule curves to simultaneously solve the water transfer and water supply problems, since they interact with each other during the operation process. In order to verify the utility of the new water transfer triggering mechanism, an inter-basin water transfer-supply project in China is used as a case study and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) with a simulation model is adopted for optimizing the decision variables. The results show that the proposed water transfer triggering mechanism can improve the operation performances of the inter-basin system.     

基于决策因子选择的梯级水库多目标优化调度规则研究

运用极端随机森林挖掘水库调度信息,考虑各水库相关因子与决策目标的相互关系,提出了梯级水库输入数据选择(Cascade-reservoir Input-variables Selection,CIS)方法,引入Gaussian径向基函数建立水库调度规则,并采用PA-DDS多目标算法对水库调度规则参数进行优化,得到了同时考虑供水和发电的多目标优化调度规则集。汉江上游梯级水库的应用结果表明:CIS方法能优选得到较为稳定的决策因子,且能在充分利用已有优选信息的同时避免决策因子选取上的重复和冗余;经梯级多目标优化调度,优选的决策因子能得到比传统决策因子结果分布更优的非劣解集,在以发电为主要目标进行优化调度时,能有效调整汛期和非汛期的水量利用方式,梯级水库年均发电量和供水量分别提高了0.33%和7.84%。     

Study on the optimal hydropower generation of Zhelin reservoir

Zhelin reservoir, a multi-purpose reservoir designed mainly for hydropower generation, is located in Xiushui watershed in Jiangxi Province, China. As the rainfall has a decreasing trend in recent years, the reservoir storage capacity cannot be fully filled and the original operation rule can no longer fulfill the desired target for power production. In order to ensure the dam safety and produce more economic benefits from hydropower generation, the original operation rule of the reservoir needs to be evaluated for possible improvement to yield optimal benefits. In this study three optimization algorithms including progressive optimization algorithm (POA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are applied. According to a long discharge data series, the minimization of water consumption rate is chosen as the objective function, along with several physical and operational constraints. After comparing the results of the three methods, POA is found more suitable for Zhelin reservoir. Sensitivity of the optimization algorithms is also analyzed, of which, the step size of water level of the reservoir for POA, the initial population sizes for PSO and GA are also explored to search for the most suitable parameters. The investigation further reveals that step size 0.01 m, population size 50 and 30 are the best choice for POA, PSO and GA, respectively.     

Multi Objective Simulation-Optimization Approach in Pollution Spill Response Management Model in Reservoirs

In this study, a Pollution Spill Response Management Model (PSRMM) is developed to provide an emergency response on reservoir operation during accidental injection of hazardous material to reservoirs. PSRMM consist of spatial system analyzing (SSA) model, 2D hydrodynamic and water quality simulation model (CE-QUAL-W2), and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. CE-QUAL-W2 model is applied for spatial and temporal analysis of water body in simulation routine of PSRMM. Also, in an advanced modeling framework, CE-QUAL-W2 is coupled with MOPSO algorithm to obtain desirable near optimal reservoir operation strategy and/or emergency planning in selective withdrawal framework. The simulation-optimization (SO) routine of PSRMM provides pareto optimum reservoir operation strategy in selective scheme to minimize reservoir cleanup time and to reduce the magnitude and frequency of water quality standard violations. The proposed tool is applied in Ilam reservoir in Iran, as a multipurpose hydraulic project providing water for drinking, irrigation, and flood control during an accident spill of conservative hazardous material. Different scenarios are defined and tested employing the proposed PSRMM for managing accidental spill of conservative pollutant into the reservoir.     

PA-DDS算法在水库多目标优化调度中的应用

Pareto存档动态维度搜索（Pareto-Archived Dynamically Dimensioned Search,PA-DDS）算法是一种求解多目标问题的随机搜索启发式算法。本文将PA-DDS算法引入考虑供水和发电的多目标优化模型优化水库调度图,与非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）和多目标粒子群算法（MOPSO）对比了收敛性,并在求得非劣解分布的均匀性和与理论Pareto前端的相似性方面与NSGA-II进行比较,分析该算法求解水库多目标调度问题的优化性能,对比分析不同目标下的优化调度图。结果表明：PA-DDS算法能够得到更高质量的非劣解集,优化调度图与原设计调度图相比,能更有效协调供水和发电的矛盾,在小幅降低（0.96%）发电量的前提下显著提高（8.07%）水库供水量,平均每年增加经济效益0.55亿元。     

寺坪水电站优化调度模型

随着社会经济的快速发展,水资源供需矛盾日趋尖锐,如何合理调度有限的水资源已成为水资源管理中的现实而紧迫的任务。通过进一步研究水库调度的机理,采用非线性规划作为优化求解方法构建了水库优化调度模型,非线性规划结合了线性规划和动态规划各自的优点,并将水库调度中的各种因素融入数学模型中,较准确地计算模拟期间各种优化变量数值条件下的目标函数值,并比较得出最优值。之后,基于多目标思想,给出了一组Pareto前沿解集,通过寺坪水电站的应用,构建不同的目标函数,得到一系列决策方案,以便决策者选择偏好的决策方案。     

并联供水水库联合调度规则最优性条件研究Ⅱ：算法开发与实例研究

利用水库调度问题的特征开发高效求解算法是水库优化调度问题算法研究的核心内容。本文以两阶段调度问题与多阶段调度问题应保持最优策略集的一致性作为假设条件,基于本文上篇中并联供水水库两阶段调度问题的最优性条件(K-T条件),设计了该类水库调度问题的优化求解方法,并通过两阶段调度模型的滚动运行,实现并联水库系统长时序优化调度的目的。以辽宁省碧流河水库与英那河水库为例,开展了并联供水工程研究,结果表明:新的算法具有合理性与有效性,较由限制供水规则与参数式规则组合构成的并联供水水库联合调度规则,显著改善了用水户缺水状况,提高了供水保证率。     

基于RBF代理模型的调水过程优化研究

调蓄工程通过泵站调水过程中,需要通过合理的控制泵站启闭时间来调节水位,从而不断优化调水过程,但以往的优化方法效率低而且不易得到最优方案。为解决这一问题,本文以南水北调东线山东段南四湖下级湖为研究对象,基于径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF)代理模型建立调水过程优化模型,得到了调水过程方案参数区间内的最优方案,并基于实际调水情况求得不同起调水位下的调水过程最优方案。首先根据调水过程方案参数区间自动选取80个调水过程方案样本,并利用一维二维耦合水动力模型算出每个方案的水位变化过程;其次采用RBF代理模型建立并验证调水过程方案与最高水位、最低水位的响应关系;最后基于RBF代理模型,以泵站工作总时间最短为目标,考虑水量平衡和水位约束建立优化模型,采用粒子群算法求解。研究结果表明,基于RBF代理模型的调水过程最优方案结果与耦合模型计算该方案结果的绝对水深误差不超过0.05 m,相对水深误差不超过0.99%,模型计算精度高。基于RBF代理模型的调水过程优化模型,求解得到调水过程参数区间内的最优方案,解决了传统方法在人为设定有限个方案内得到较优方案的局限性。     

Optimization of Water Resources Utilization by PSO-GA

The objective of this paper is to present an optimal model to address the water resources utilization of the Tao River basin in China. The Tao River water diversion project has been proposed to alleviate the problem of water shortages in Gansu Province in China. A multi reservoir system is under consideration with multiple objectives including water diversion, ecological water demand, irrigation, hydropower generation, industrial requirements, and domestic uses in the Tao River basin. A multi-objective model for the minimization of water shortages and the maximization of hydro-power production is proposed to manage the utilization of Tao River water resources. An adjustable PSO-GA (particle swarm optimization – genetic algorithm) hybrid algorithm is proposed that combines the strengths of PSO and GA to balance natural selection and good knowledge sharing to enable a robust and efficient search of the solution space. Two driving parameters are used in the adjustable hybrid model to optimize the performance of the PSO-GA hybrid algorithm by assigning a preference to either PSO or GA. The results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm can simultaneously obtain a promising solution and speed up the convergence.     

Multi-Objective Optimization-Simulation for Reliability-Based Inter-Basin Water Allocation

A simulation-optimization framework is presented for reliability-based optimal sizing, operation, and water allocation in the Bashar-to-Zohreh inter-basin water transfer project. The problem was formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP), for which two solution approaches were tested, including gradient-based nonlinear programming and simulation-optimization (SO). The SO framework linked the water evaluation and planning system (WEAP) simulation module, benefiting from fast, single-period linear programming, to the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) for multiperiod optimization. The objective functions were minimizing the sizes of the project’s infrastructures and maximizing the reliability of supplying water to agricultural lands. The combination of nonlinear programming and the branch-and-bound algorithm was not able to solve the resulting MINLP. The results of the MOPSO-WEAP framework indicated that the project can supply water for land development in the Dehdasht and Choram agricultural plains, located in the less developed Kohgiluye and Boyer-Ahmad Province of Iran at an acceptable reliability level. For example, for one of the Pareto solutions found corresponding to maximum land development (30,000 ha), an average volume of 237 million cubic meter (MCM) is transferred annually at a 73.2% reliability level with average sizes of water transfer and storage elements. Further, design-operation and hydropower scenarios were also evaluated, and the Pareto solutions were obtained.     

长江上游控制性水库群联合调度及水资源影响分析

针对长江上游控制性水库群联合调度问题,建立了大规模混联水库群联合优化调度模型,并提出离散微分动态规划(DDDP)和逐步优化算法(POA)相结合的混合方法,实现大规模混联梯级水库群联合优化调度问题的高效求解。在此基础上,结合流域长系列历史径流资料,进行了长江上游控制性梯级水库群调度模拟,分析了联合调度的发电效益;并在此基础上,结合相关研究成果,探究并分析了梯级水库群建成投运后,联合调度对流域水资源的影响。成果表明,梯级水库群的建成及联合调蓄对于长江中下游枯水期的流量补偿效益十分明显,供水、航运以及压咸补淡等综合效益十分显著。