镀膜对金刚石与结合剂之间结合性能的影响

采用磁控溅射的方法在金刚石表面镀覆Ti,Mo,Cu和TiN。测定了镀Ti金刚石的单粒抗压强度。用XPS分析了真空热处理后的金刚石表面结构,利用抗弯强度试验及扫描电镜分析。研究了镀膜金刚石在Co基结合剂中的界面结合状态。结果表明：金刚石镀膜后能够提高其单粒抗压.基840℃的热压条件下,镀层金属与金刚石能够在局部生成碳化物而形成化学结合,但对结合强度的提高还没有起着主导作用。镀Mo金刚石能够被Co基结合剂很好地浸润,因而结合强度有较大的提高。     

镀Mo金刚石与结合剂之间的结合状态研究

本文利用抗弯强度试验、扫描电主能谱分析研究了镀Ｍｏ镀刚石在Ｆｅ基、Ｎｉ基、Ｃｕ基及Ｃｏ基结合剂中的界面结合状态。结果发现：在７００～８４０℃热压条件下,结合剂中的主要组元均已扩散到达金刚石表面,Ｍｏ表面镀Ｍｏ后,其Ｆｅ基、Ｎｉ基、Ｃｕ基复合材料的抗中度均下降,而其Ｃｏ基复合材料的抗弯强度显著上升。抗弯强度的变化主要是由于Ｍｏ对结合剂的局部强化、硬化并由此起起的复合材料内部的热应力的改变以及Ｍｏ层改     

金刚石表面镀钛及其在胎体中结合状态的研究

采用真空蒸发-扩散镀的方法在金刚石表面镀钛,研究了镀覆温度和保温时间对金刚石表面形貌、镀层厚度、镀层物相的影响规律,分析了镀钛金刚石的抗氧化性能,研究了镀钛金刚石及其在铁基胎体中的结合状态。结果表明:在低温下（680℃）镀覆时,金刚石表面开始出现TiC;随镀覆温度升高或保温时间延长,镀层逐渐致密并增厚,在720℃镀覆时出现Ti沉积,在820℃镀覆时由于应力原因产生裂纹并导致镀层的破坏;镀层可隔绝金刚石与氧的直接接触,大幅度延缓氧对金刚石的侵蚀作用;镀钛后金刚石在胎体中可实现牢固的冶金键合。      

金刚石表面镀钛对金刚石锯片性能的影响

金刚石表面镀钛与否对Co基和Cu-Sn基胎体抗弯强度、金刚石锯片切割性能的对比研究表明,金刚石表面镀钛可提高金刚石工具的寿命切割效率,采用扫描电镜对抗弯强度试验样品断面和使用过的锯片刀头的观察分析,确立了镀钛层与不同胎体的结合类型。     

镀层厚度对镀钛金刚石/铝复合材料热导率的影响

通过在金刚石表面镀钛来改善金刚石和铝基体之间的弱界面结合,并用气压浸渗法制备体积分数为60%的镀钛金刚石/铝复合材料。研究镀钛后金刚石颗粒的物相组成、不同镀层厚度和不同颗粒尺寸下复合材料的热导率;用H-J和DEM模型预测复合材料的热导率,并将预测结果与实验值进行对比。结果表明,镀钛后金刚石颗粒的物相由金刚石、碳化钛和钛三相组成;随着镀层厚度的增加,界面传热系数减小,复合材料的热导率减小;颗粒的尺寸越小,这种变化趋势越明显;相对于H-J模型,DEM模型更能准确地预测镀钛金刚石增强的复合材料的热导率;通过计算得出镀钛金刚石/铝复合材料的临界镀层厚度为1.5μm,当超过此临界镀层厚度时,镀层反而不利于复合材料热导率的提高。     

金刚石真空微蒸发镀钛技术新进展及应用

本文介绍了真空微蒸发镀钛及钛合金技术的最新进展;这一进展主要体现在镀钛温度可以低至６５０℃,目前按照用户需要可在６５０￣７８０℃范围内任选温度进行镀钛及钛合金,这一温度范围即使镀层与金刚石强力结合,又避免了金刚石高温受热损伤,这是区别于其它镀钛技术的重要特征。大量工业化应用结果表明,这一新进展使镀钛金刚石应用效果更显著,扩大了适于镀钛的金刚石品级范围,锯片的性能价格比大幅度提高。     

钛镀层对金刚石/铝导热复合材料的显微组织与热学性能的影响

采用高温盐浴法对金刚石表面进行镀钛处理来改善金刚石和铝基之间的界面结合,镀钛后的金刚石颗粒表面略显粗糙,表面的镀层均匀;采用真空热压烧结法制备高导热金刚石/铝复合材料,研究了金刚石表面镀钛对复合材料显微组织、热膨胀系数和热导率的影响。结果表明:金刚石表面的钛镀层改善了金刚石各晶面与铝基体的结合状态,增加了金刚石和铝之间的界面结合强度;当铝基体在镀钛金刚石颗粒形成的骨架结构中膨胀时,可以被骨架很好的约束,从而降低了复合材料的热膨胀系数;金刚石表面钛镀层减少了复合材料的孔洞,增加了致密度,从而提高了复合材料的热导率。     

镀膜金刚石膜层的俄歇分析

镀膜金刚石在现代金刚石制品中的应用愈来愈重要,我们对镀铬和镀钛两种金刚石的镀层作了俄歇分析。结果表明:俄歇能较准确分析膜层元素原子数分数、膜层厚度;所用镀铬和镀钛金刚石,镀层中分别除碳、铬元素,碳、钛元素外,均含有氧元素,这是镀层表面氧化所致;所用镀铬和镀钛金刚石,相对稳定的镀层厚度分别约为25 nm,360 nm。XRD线谱分析,镀铬金刚石镀层由于太薄,未发现衍射相,镀钛金刚石镀层却有TiC为基的固溶体形成。     

镀覆金刚石对陶瓷结合剂磨具力学性能的影响

在同种金刚石表面分别镀覆不同金属层,并将之作为磨粒应用于陶瓷磨具中,通过观察金刚石烧结前后形貌、测试试样的抗弯强度和耐磨性以及对断口SEM形貌观察,分析了各包覆层对磨具的影响。结果显示,对于镀钛、镀铜、镀镍金刚石,与陶瓷结合剂按一定比例混合冷压烧结,并没有显著提升磨具的性能。     

陶瓷结合剂与金刚石高温下的界面结合机理研究

本文研究了陶瓷结合剂与金刚石的界面反应、界面结构和结合状况.通过对改性Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃和B2O3-PbO-ZnO-SiO2低熔玻璃镀钛、不镀钛金刚石试样的电镜分析、XRD分析以及两种结合结合剂与镀钛、不镀钛金刚石试样的抗折强度测定,研究了结合剂(Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃和B2O3-PbO-ZnO-SiO2玻璃)与金刚石(镀钛和不镀钛)的结合机理和结合状况.发现:改性Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃经过合适的热处理工艺能在金刚石试样中出现以Li2Al2Si3O10为主晶相的微晶体,试条的抗折强度是B2O3-PbO-ZnO-SiO2低熔玻璃金刚石试样的2.5倍以上;镀钛金刚石与微晶玻璃结合剂之间产生化学结合,抗折强度比不镀钛金刚石试条提高20%以上;而对B2O3-PbO-ZnO-SiO2玻璃结合剂而言,金刚石表面镀钛对试条的抗折强度的提高无明显作用.     

Adherent coating on gradient cemented carbide with ultrafine Ti(C_(0.5),N_(0.5))

Gradient cemented carbide is usually employed as the substrate for coated carbide insert. In this work,gradient cemented carbide with ultrafine Ti(C_0.5,N_0.5) was prepared and its microstructure and properties were researched. Moreover, this novel substrate was coated to investigate cutting performance. It is found that the average WC grain size in the gradient zone is larger than that in the bulk. Owing to ultrafine Ti(C_0.5,N_0.5) introduction, gradient cemented carbide prepared by vacuum sintering exhibits full densification. By contrast, the gradient cemented carbide with ultrafine Ti(C_0.5,N_0.5) shows higher transverse rupture strength(TRS) and hardness than the homogenous one. Gradient cemented carbide suffers small TRS reduction after coating, and the bonding between coatings and gradient substrate is tidy and compact. The coated gradient cemented carbide shows much better endurance and impact resistance than the coated homogenous one. It confirms the superiority of gradient cemented carbide when used as the substrate for coating inserts.     

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Cold-Sprayed Ti Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Substrates

A cold spray process was used to deposit titanium (Ti) coatings of different thicknesses on commercial Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) substrates. The hardness of the Ti coatings was measured using a Vickers micro-indenter. It was found that the thicker Ti coatings had higher hardness probably due to the better uniformity and higher density of the coatings. The tribological results showed that the friction and wear of the Ti coatings tested against a steel ball under dry condition became lower with higher thickness probably due to the higher wear resistance of the thicker coatings associated with their higher hardness. The specific wear rates of all the Ti coatings were significantly lower than that of the Ti64 substrate as a result of the higher wear resistance of the Ti coatings associated with their cold-worked microstructures and the formation of high wear resistant oxide layers on their wear tracks during the wear testing.     

激光熔覆制备Fe-Ti-Mo-C系复合涂层

采用钛铁、钼铁和石墨为激光熔覆粉末,利用激光多道搭接熔覆技术在碳钢基体上制备Fe-Ti-Mo-C复合涂层.利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、电子探针对涂层的相结构和显微组织进行了研究.用显微硬度计和滑动磨损试验机,对涂层的硬度和耐磨性能进行测试.结果表明,涂层中原位生成了(Ti,Mo)C复合碳化物.(Ti,Mo)C呈面心立方结构,晶格常数略小于TiC晶粒.随着原材料中钼铁加入量的增加,涂层显微组织由铁素体、珠光体向马氏体转变,显微硬度和耐磨性增加,但抗裂性能降低.     

Nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings for hard particle erosion resistance

This paper discusses the synthesis and characterization of titanium chromium nitride ((Ti,Cr)N) thin films deposited onto AM355 stainless steel by multi-source cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (PVD) for improved erosion resistance. The effect of Cr evaporator current and substrate bias on the erosion resistance of the (Ti,Cr)N coating were investigated. The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scratch adhesion testing and erosion testing. The (Ti,Cr)N coatings deposited using multisource mode were determined to be nanolayered structures consisting of TiN rich and CrN rich layers. EPMA showed that the atomic percentage of Cr within the coating increased (increased Cr:Ti ratio) with increasing Cr evaporator current and that the (Ti,Cr)N chemical composition did not appear to change with varying bias. Using XRD and STEM, it was determined that all nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings were multi-phased consisting of a B1 NaCl crystal structure. XRD also revealed that as the Cr evaporator current was increased, there was an increase in the CrN phase volume. Macroparticle incorporation increased with an increase in Cr evaporator current and decreased with an increase in bias. The nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings ranged in Vickers hardness from 1700 to 2800 VHN_0.050. Coating adhesion increased as Cr:Ti ratio increased. In regards to erosion, (Ti,Cr)N coatings with a high number of TiN/CrN interfaces performed poorly against alumina media. As the Cr evaporator current was varied, the coating deposited with the highest Cr:Ti ratio (evaporator current of 85 A) and when bias was varied, the lowest substrate bias of - 50 V had the best erosion performance.     

氮化钛铝薄膜的制备及其摩擦学性能的研究

用多弧离子镀方法在高速钢的基体上沉积了不同钛铝比例的氮化钛铝薄膜，研究了不同铝含量对薄膜性能的影响，采SEM、XRD、AES、表面形貌仪、显微硬度计、划痕仪对薄膜的微观结构和力学性能进行了全面测试，用球盘试验机测试了薄膜的摩擦因数，在此基础上讨论了铝在薄膜中的作用。结果表明Al的引入使膜层的硬度明显提高。所有的(Ti，Al)N试样皆由面心立方晶格(fcc)的(Ti0．5Al0．5)N相组成。随着Al含量增加，GCr15与(TiAl)N膜层之间的摩擦因数下降，减摩性能提高，耐磨性能增强。(TiA1)N涂层可以显著提高硬质合金刀具的使用寿命。     

Thermal Spray Coatings on Orthopedic Devices: When and How the FDA Reviews Your Coatings

Thermal spray coatings have been commonly applied on medical devices for various reasons, e.g., surface roughening, biological fixation, and similarity of chemical composition to bone minerals. Generally, to introduce a thermal spray-coated device to the US market, a premarket review of the coated device is necessary by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This article aims to improve understanding regarding FDA review of thermal spray coatings in orthopedic medical device marketing applications and expectations for information to be submitted as part of this process. While different thermal spray technologies and materials have been used for coatings on medical devices, thermal spray coatings often seen by the FDA on orthopedic devices include plasma-sprayed titanium (Ti) coatings and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings as well as Ti/HA dual coatings. The coated devices are mostly metals (e.g., Ti alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy, stainless steel alloys) and some polymers (e.g., polyetheretherketone). The FDA does not clear or approve individual coatings or materials; rather, coatings and materials are evaluated as part of the final, finished medical device in the context of the specific device technological characteristics and intended use. The FDA has two current guidance documents for orthopedic implants with modified metallic surfaces and hydroxyapatite coatings, which outline the FDA’s recommendations for full characterization and testing of these two types of coatings, respectively. Additionally, the standards organizations (e.g., ISO and ASTM) have developed many materials and testing standards for these coatings, some of which are recognized by the FDA. It is helpful that the coating companies reference these standards for appropriate material/coating specifications, testing methods, and acceptance criteria. Depending on the intended use of the coated device, it is important that coating properties also address some items specific to that device type. Additionally, the impact of cleaning, sterilization, and packaging/shelf-life processes on the coating properties is also considered to ensure that the coated device is safe for its intended use.     

Effect of sintering on microstructures and properties of sub-micron Ti （C, N）-based cermets

The influence of different sintering processes, including vacuum sintering, vacuum sintering followed by HIP and sintering-HIP, on the microstructure and properties of sub-micron Ti(C,N) cermets with various binder contents was studied. Image analysis based on back-scattered electrons image observations was used to determine the morphologic and structural characteristics. Transverse rupture strength(TRS), hardness, fracture toughness were measured and TRS data were treated by Weibull statistics further. It is shown that a very significant improvement in TRS can be obtained by HIP or sintering-HIP treatment for the alloys with lower and middle binder content at the controlled cooling rate, but the effect is not obvious for the alloys with higher binder content. HIP is also helpful for improving the hardness of sub-micron Ti(C,N) cermets, however, but can lower the fracture toughness. The varia-tion of these properties was interpreted in terms of the difference in morphologic and structural characteristics.     

氮含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织与磨粒磨损行为的影响

采用真空烧结方法制备了4种氮含量的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,测试了试样的抗弯强度、硬度、断裂韧性等力学性能,用扫描电镜、能谱仪等研究了N含量对其显微组织及磨粒磨损行为的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内随N含量的增加,硬质相芯部逐渐细化且分布均匀,环形相厚度变薄、体积分数减小;磨粒磨损形貌中犁沟所占的比例减少,微观脆性断裂形成的凹坑增加,耐磨粒磨损性能逐渐提高。随N含量增加,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的抗弯强度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,断裂韧度逐渐递减,硬度变化不大。当N含量为3.6%时(文中含量均为质量分数),Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度为1 873 MPa,硬度为89.9 HRA,断裂韧度为20.7 MPa.m1/2。