复合抛物面太阳能集热器热性能分析

对真空管式复合抛物面太阳能集热器的传热模型进行了分析,在总热损失系数、效率因子、热迁移因子和瞬时效率表达式的基础上,建立了有盖板带翅片的复合抛物面集热器性能预测模型,并对有盖板和无盖板两种类型接收器的集热器进行了瞬时效率的对比计算.结果表明：当集热介质与外界环境间温差较小时,在相同辐射强度的情况下,有盖板带翅片的复合抛物面集热器的集热效率反而比无盖板的复合抛物面集热器的集热效率低;而当集热介质与外界环境温差增加到一定程度时,有盖板带翅片的复合抛物面集热器显示了其集热效率高的优点.     

热管式真空管集热器的热性能研究

在传热分析的基础上，提出了确定热管式真空集热器的总热损系数、效率因子和热转移因子的计算方法，通过实验，还分别测定了单根真空管和真空管集热器的瞬时效率曲线。实验结果与理论计算值符合较好。     

直通式真空管空气集热器热性能实验及干燥应用

在直通式太阳能玻璃真空管空气集热器基础上改进联箱结构,并搭建测试平台对该种改进型空气集热器进行热性能实验研究。通过实验比较改进前后集热器的温升和效率,获得改进后集热器出口温度与太阳辐照度关系的线性回归方程,掌握不同空气质量流量对集热器出口温度和集热效率的影响规律,分析得到该种真空管的最佳串联个数,并对应用该种集热器的太阳能干燥系统的干燥效果进行初步测试分析。该研究结果可为太阳能空气集热干燥系统的设计及应用提供参考。     

带内集管的分体式太阳能热水器及其实验研究

为了实现太阳能热水器和建筑的结合,设计了一种分体式全玻璃真空管太阳能热水器。它由集热器、室内储水箱、上升管和下降管组成,其集热器的每根真空管内有一个分水管,分水管通过集箱内的集管与下降管相连。与已有的太阳能热水器相比,其分水管把真空管内的冷、热水流道分开,减少了冷热水流相互干扰,提高了热水器效率,同时实现了分体式太阳能热水器系统的自然循环。实验表明,带内集管的分体式太阳能热水器比不带内集管的分体式太阳能热水器有更高的效率。     

磁纳米流体热管太阳能集热装置换热性能试验

设计了一套换热系统试验台,分别把磁纳米流体和水作为热管的工质,对玻璃真空管内插热管式太阳能集热器进行对比试验,分析两种集热器处于不同倾角、不同天气条件、不同总辐射量下的光热转换瞬时效率及日平均效率。此外,比较了玻璃真空集热器和热管内插式集热器的平均热损失系数。研究表明:内插热管式集热器的平均热损失系数约为全玻璃真空管集热器的2.32%,远小于全玻璃真空集热管,且工质为纳米流体的热管式玻璃真空管太阳能集热器的热损失系数比水工质热管真空集热管更低,其瞬时效率及日平均效率更高,运行更加高效、安全、稳定。     

全玻璃真空管太阳能空气集热器热性能试验方法研究

全玻璃真空管空气集热器是一种热损较小的太阳能空气加热装置,该文对该类集热器热评价方法进行了研究,并对集热器的时间常数,热延迟常数,角系数修正因子及瞬时热效率的实验方法进行了初步的实验研究,研究表明,用热延迟常数比时间常数能更好地反映真空管集热器的性性能,真空管集热器的角系修正因子在垂直入射时最小。     

一种基于新结构的线性腔式太阳能集热器研究

提出一种适用于槽式太阳能热发电系统的新型线性腔式集热器。通过Tracepro模拟聚光镜焦距、弧形结构及开口宽度对系统光学性能的影响;采用热网络模型对该集热器的传热性能进行参数化研究,确定优化的集热器结构为优弧型,开口宽度为70 mm,与其匹配的聚光镜焦距为2100 mm。研究结果表明,当太阳直射辐射强度为500 W/m2,集热温度为650 K时,系统光热转换效率达65.3%。与一类传统真空管集热器的对比表明,该新型线性腔式集热器的集热性能优于UVAC Cermet直通式真空管集热器。另外,该线性腔式集热器生产和维护成本明显低于真空管集热器,对于促进槽式太阳能热发电技术具有重要意义。     

中高温直通式真空太阳集热管的研制与应用

中高温直通式真空太阳集热管（简称直通式真空管）是由北京桑达太阳能技术有限公司最新研制的一种新型太阳能集热元件。它完全采用桑达公司自有的知识产权和技术,材料和零部件完全来自国内。该管子在太阳能聚光集热系统上使用时,管内导热工质可以达到350℃,管子可以承受3MPa的压力。该管型的研制目前处于国内领先水平,产品性能接近国外同类产品,采用直通式真空管的太阳能集热器可以用于太阳能空调、太阳能工业加热、太阳能热发电等中高温系统,大大拓宽了太阳能热利用的应用领域。     

中高温直通式真空太阳集热管的研制与应用

中高温直通式真空太阳集热管(简称直通式真空管)是由北京桑达太阳能技术有限公司最新研制的一种新型太阳能集热元件.它完全采用桑达公司自有的知识产权和技术,材料和零部件完全来自国内.该管子在太阳能聚光集热系统上使用时,管内导热工质可以达到350℃,管子可以承受3MPa的压力.该管型的研制目前处于国内领先水平,产品性能接近国外同类产品,采用直通式真空管的太阳能集热器可以用于太阳能空调、太阳能工业加热、太阳能热发电等中高温系统,大大拓宽了太阳能热利用的应用领域.     

以太阳模拟器为光源的集热器室内稳态性能对比

以大面积太阳模拟器考察了平板式太阳能集热器、热管真空管式太阳能集热器、全玻璃真空管式太阳能集热器室内稳态下的性能。经测定,全玻璃真空管式太阳能集热器的时间常数为1235 s,其压力曲线随流速变化平缓。在辐照强度为900 W/m2、进口温度低于57℃时,平板太阳能集热器的效率高于热管真空管式和全玻璃真空管式太阳能集热器;进口温度高于57℃时,式真空管式太阳能集热器的效率高于平板式太阳能集热器;进口温度高于64℃时,全玻璃真空管式太阳能集热器的效率高于平板式太阳能集热器。在工作温度范围内,全玻璃真空管式太阳能集热器的效率低于热管真空管式太阳能集热器。设计、流动和换热特征影响了集热器的性能。     

CPC内聚光式热管集热管温度特性研究

为提高太阳能热水系统的输出温度,将CPC聚光技术应用于热管式真空集热管中,开发了一种新型的CPC内聚光式热管集热管。对该集热管建立数学模型,模拟计算其传热过程,获得了导热肋片温度、热管冷凝段温度等参数随太阳辐射强度的变化规律,并通过试验验证了数学模型的可靠性;与常规热管式真空管集热管传热特性相对比,证实了该集热管可大幅提高太阳能热水器输出温度。     

Experimental studies on solar flat plate collector with internally grooved tubes using aqueous ethylene glycol

In order to cope up with the increase in energy demand and decline in fossil fuels, it has become imperative to use renewable resources efficiently. Among these renewable resources, solar thermal energy is abundant in nature. Solar water heating systems are one of the most important applications of solar thermal energy. Providing internal fins to absorber tube is the technique to improve heat transfer augmentation. Hence in the present study, experiments were performed on solar flat plate collector with different cross section of absorber tubes (plain tube and internally grooved tubes with different helix angles) and by varying the mass flow rates of the working fluids. This study reports the experimental results of flat plate collector, where the working fluid is water and aqueous ethylene glycol (50 : 50). Temperature profile of grooved absorber tube will be compared with plain tube. Since conversion efficiency of solar devices is low, the present study mainly focuses on improving the efficiency of solar flat plate collector.     

Experimental Study on Performance Enhancement of Evacuated Tube by Constant Heat Flux Mode

The evacuated tube collector with U shape copper absorber tube is considered for the analysis. The experimental investigation is conducted on parabolic trough collector with U shape tube as absorber tube. The effect of the sudden fluctuations in the solar radiation on the performance of the collector is reduced by means of evacuated tube collector filled with thermic fluids. The analysis is performed with different thermic fluids such as dowtherm, therminol66, glycol water and ethylene glycol, are filled in the annular space between inner glass tube and U shape copper absorber tube. The experimentation is carried out at various mass flow rates from 20 to 100 LPH with the step-up flow rate of 20 LPH. A comparative study is carried out on various parameters such as effect of mass flow rate over instantaneous efficiency, useful heat gain and work input, etc. The characteristic curve of cylindrical parabolic trough collector (PTC) is also discussed. Experimental results show that, ethylene glycol gives better efficiency over mass flow rate and therminol66 gives best power heat ratio. Heat transfer mediums and its properties [specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity] for all specified heat transfer fluids are also discussed. The results obtained with various specified heat transfer fluids filled in the annulus space of evacuated tube are compared with plain evacuated tube. It is observed that there is significant enhancement of overall instantaneous collection efficiency of the parabolic trough collector.     

Flow distribution in a solar collector panel with horizontally inclined absorber strips

The objective of this work is to theoretically and experimentally investigate the flow and temperature distribution in a solar collector panel with an absorber consisting of horizontally inclined strips. Fluid flow and heat transfer in the collector panel are studied by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations. Further, experimental investigations of a 12.5 m² solar collector panel with 16 parallel connected horizontal fins are carried out. The flow distribution through the absorber is evaluated by means of temperature measurements on the backside of the absorber tubes. The measured temperatures are compared to the temperatures determined by the CFD model and there is a good similarity between the measured and calculated results.

Calculations with the CFD model elucidate the flow and temperature distribution in the collector. The influences of different operating conditions such as flow rate, properties of solar collector fluid, solar collector fluid inlet temperature and collector tilt angle are shown. The flow distribution through the absorber fins is uniform if high flow rates are used. By decreased flow rate and decreased content of glycol in the glycol/water mixture used as solar collector fluid, and by increased collector tilt and inlet temperature, the flow distribution gets worse resulting in an increased risk of boiling in the upper part of the collector panel.     

The effect of using transverse fins on a double pass flow solar air heater using wire mesh as an absorber

The thermal performance of a double pass solar air heater with 2, 4, and 6 fins attached was investigated experimentally. Wire mesh layers were used between the fins instead of an absorber plate. The effects of mass flow rate of air on the outlet temperature and thermal efficiency were studied. The indicated results show that the efficiency increases with increasing the mass flow rate for the range of the flow rate used in this work between 0.0121-0.042 kg/s. Moreover, the maximum efficiency was obtained by using 6 fins at the same mass flow rate. The maximum efficiency obtained for the 2, 4, 6 fins of SAH were 75.0%, 82.1% and 85.9% respectively for the mass flow rate of 0.042 kg/s. In addition, the maximum average temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet, ΔT, for the SAH with 6 fins was the highest for the same mass flow rates compared to 2 and 4 fins SAHs. The maximum average and instantaneous peak of ΔT obtained were 43.1 °C and 62.1 °C respectively for the 6 fins SAH when the mass flow rate was 0.0121 kg/s. Comparison of the results of a counter flow packed bed collector with those of a conventional collector shows a substantial enhancement in the thermal efficiency.     

Heat extraction efficiency of a concentric glass tubular evacuated collector

The results of detailed measurements and calculations of the properties of Sydney University/Nitto Kohki evacuated collector tubes have been used to develop a formula for the instantaneous heat extraction efficiency η of a collector panel incorporating the evacuated tubes. The instantaneous efficiency depends on ambient temperature, mean fluid temperature in the collector, solar flux and the design of the manifold used to extract heat from the glass absorber tubes. Manifold design determines the mean temperature difference between absorber tube surface and mean fluid temperature for given operating conditions, and strongly affects the efficiency η of a collector panel. Neither changes in the number of evacuated tubes per unit area of collector, nor variations in solar flux, significantly alter the efficiency decrement Δ η₀ associated with a particular manifold design. Calculated efficiencies agree well with experimental results for collector panels incorporating manifolds of various designs. The formula for efficiency η allows detailed analysis of the relative importance of various energy loss mechanisms in a collector.     

Forced versus natural circulation solar water heaters: A comparative performance study

An experimental study has been carried out to compare the performance of natural and forced circulation domestic solar water heaters. Several measurments have been made for the two cases which included; the collector water inlet and outlet temperatures, the mass flow rate, the tank temperature, the ambient temperature and the solar insolation. The main parameters for the solar collector are calculated for the natural and forced circulation systems. These included; the top, back, and overall loss coefficients, the heat removal factor, the efficiency factor, the useful energy gain and the instantaneous efficiency. The comparison showed that the efficiency of the forced circulation system could be 35 to 80% higher.     

具有内插管的真空管太阳能热水器性能研究

为了提高真空管集热管效率,在相同环境下,对未插内管和插有内管的玻璃真空管太阳能热水器进行了三维数值模拟。分析表明,通过在真空管中插入内管可以改善真空管内冷热水的流动和换热,提高真空管集热器的效率。对插入不同长度内插管的三组实验做了比较,结果表明,应合理选择内插管的长度。     

Single and two-phase flow modeling and analysis of a coaxial vacuum tube solar collector

In this paper, an analytical steady state model is developed to study the thermal performance of an individual vacuum tube solar collector with coaxial piping (direct flow type) incorporating both single and two-phase flows. A system of equations which describe the different heat transfer mechanisms and flow conditions was established, discretised, and solved in an iterative manner. For the case of good vacuum condition (10^?5 mb) the calculated efficiency curve for single phase flow deviates significantly from the experiments with increasing collector temperature, but agrees well for the case of gas conduction inside the glass envelope at very low pressure (?1 mb) due to the corresponding increase in overall heat loss coefficient (U-value).For two-phase flow, the occurrence and propagation of flow boiling and condensation inside the collector piping under saturated condition is hypothesized. The modeling results indicate that for all-liquid-single-phase fluid flow, the collector efficiency decreases with decreasing mass flow rate. Once the fluid reaches the boiling point at a certain mass flow rate, no significant reduction in efficiency is observed anymore, which is in accordance with the experimental study.     

基于微通道的太阳能集热器及其性能模拟

针对传统的平板型太阳能集热器集热效率较低的问题,本文设计了一款微通道集热器,采用数值模拟方法研究了微通道集热器的工作状况,并分析了传统平板型集热器的管中心距在稳态传热条件下对集热器的效率影响。仿真结果表明:相同条件下,平板型集热器的管间距越小,集热效率越高;微通道集热器的平均集热效率比最佳管间距的平板型集热器高9.3%,比常用的两种平板型集热器分别高20.6%、30.6%。该结果有利于优化平板型集热器的设计参数,为微通道集热器的实际应用提供了依据。