不同雷诺数下圆柱绕流气动噪声数值模拟

基于大涡模拟和声类比相结合的混合方法对不同雷诺数下二维圆柱绕流的远场气动噪声进行预测.预测值与试验数据吻合良好.根据预测结果分析圆柱绕流气动噪声的声场特性,研究流场振荡规律对远场噪声的影响和圆柱绕流气动噪声的辐射特性,并寻找降低圆柱绕流气动噪声的途径.结果表明:随着雷诺数的增加,远场各测量点的总声压级增大;声场的最大声...     

桥梁断面表面压力分布及Strouhal数的雷诺数效应

为了研究桥梁断面Strouhal数的雷诺数效应,通过调节试验风速来改变雷诺数,并在模型表面布置测压点,进行风洞试验.测量了不同雷诺数下各测点的风压时程,分析了压力梯度及压力系数功率谱及涡脱频率的随雷诺数变化规律,研究了Strouhal数的雷诺数效应.研究发现桥梁断面的压力梯度及压力系数功率谱具有明显的雷诺数效应,高雷诺数下,通过风压频谱寻找涡脱频率的方法不可行.研究表明,桥梁断面的Strouhal数具有较为明显的雷诺数效应.     

高雷诺数下单圆柱绕流的DES三维数值模拟

采用Spalart-Allmaras基的DES模型对不同雷诺数下单圆柱绕流的湍流流场进行了三维数值模拟,取雷诺数Re=2×104,1×105,3×105和1×106,数值模拟研究分析了流场形态,给出了阻力系数及升阻力频谱,并与前人的实验和其他方法模拟的结果进行了对比.结果显示,它们与实验数据一致且图形的三维特性明显,这也验证了DES方法在高雷诺数时在圆柱绕流模拟方面的准确性.     

不同雷诺数条件下静止管道车环状缝隙流场数值模拟

为了探究雷诺数对于静边界环状缝隙流场的影响,采用Fluent软件对雷诺数为115 513、154 018、192 522三种工况下静止管道车环状缝隙流场进行了数值模拟,并通过物理试验进行验证,结果表明:同一雷诺数条件下,在环状缝隙入口处流速最大,之后沿管道车车身方向,环状缝隙流流速呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势,且环状缝隙流流速大于管道内水流的平均流速;各横断面环状缝隙流场均以管道中心呈同心圆分布,即半径相同的各点环状缝隙流流速值大致相同,且从管道车壁面到管壁面方向环状缝隙流流速呈现二次抛物线的变化形式;不同雷诺数条件下,管道内压强值沿程变化趋势大致相同,管道车上游位置处压强沿程呈现逐渐降低的变化趋势,环状缝隙内部和管道车下游位置处的压强值沿程呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势;随着雷诺数的增加,环状缝隙流流速值与压强值和涡量值均呈现出逐渐增大的变化趋势;数值模拟结果同试验结果基本吻合,两者所得环状缝隙流流速最大相对误差不超过7%,表明通过数值模拟来研究管道车环状缝隙流场的方法是可行的。     

不同雷诺数下均速管流量计流量系数的确定

在不同雷诺数条件下对均速管流量计的内部流动进行数值仿真,引用k-ε湍流模型进行计算,应用有限体积法对控制方程离散和求解.模拟计算得到在不同雷诺数下流量计的内部流动速度和压力分布,算出流量系数,然后与理论结果相比较,两者吻合较好.     

方柱绕流的二维和三维数值模拟

为了深入研究方柱绕流中流动情况,详细分析方柱受力,通过采用标准k-ε模型和DES模型,运用有限体积法对单方柱绕流进行了数值模拟,着重研究了流场形态、升阻力系数变化曲线,给出了流场中方柱在不同雷诺数下受到的升力和阻力的变化情况.通过与前人的实验和数值结果比较,证明了DES计算模型对于三维钝体绕流计算是可行的.表明三维数值模拟优于二维数值模拟,且随着雷诺数的增加,CD的平均值增加而St数先增大再减小.     

高超临界雷诺数下圆柱绕流的数值计算

在常规风速下,许多圆截面工程结构的雷诺数一般达到107或以上,处于高超临界雷诺数区域。目前高超临界雷诺数下圆柱绕流的研究很少。鉴于此,针对直径为5 m的单圆柱,尝试进行了高超临界雷诺数下的风荷载数值计算,分别开展了计算域、周向网格数、法向首层网格的高度及计算时间步长等参数的无关性检查,得到了圆柱的阻力系数及圆柱周围的流场分布。     

基于ADINA的二维双圆柱绕流的数值模拟研究

均匀来流流过二维圆柱是一个经典的流体力学问题,尤其是对于粘性流体,由于雷诺数的大小不同,在面对层流和紊流两种与众不同的流场时,流场流线运动的规律较为复杂,本文正是借助于ADINA软件中出色的流固耦合的仿真计算技术,对于流场中二维双圆柱绕流流场的变化进行了科学的数值模拟,并给出了不同环境条件下流场的变化情况,计算出了圆柱表面的一系列动力学参数。结果表明:尾流及圆柱表面的压力分布,其实验结果与现有结果较为吻合     

两并列方柱绕流相互干扰的数值研究

为了研究并列双方柱在不同间距比时气动力特性的干扰效应,采用刚性模型测压风洞试验的方法,通过改变两方柱之间的距离,得到了不同间距比下并列双方柱的风压系数、升力系数和阻力系数。结果表明：当间距比1.2≤L/D<2.5时,并列双方柱平均风压系数的干扰效应明显,且主要表现在内侧面,平均阻力系数和脉动升力系数的干扰效应表现为减小效应;当间距比L/D≥2.5时,并列双方柱的平均风压系数、平均阻力系数和脉动升力系数的干扰效应均不明显。     

高雷诺数下高质量比圆柱涡致振动的数值模拟

圆柱的涡致振动一直是研究者们关注的问题,但是以往的研究大多雷诺数不高,或者质量比较低。该文以高质量比圆柱为研究对象,采用质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,基于SST湍流模型,对结构在高雷诺数下发生涡致振动的过程进行了数值模拟和分析。通过流固耦合数值计算,模拟了圆柱涡致振动的高幅分支试验现象,计算所得的最大振幅比随速度比的变化曲线与试验吻合较好。研究结果验证了流固耦合计算方法的正确性,表明SST模型适合于由强逆压梯度引起的边界层分离流动问题。数值模拟显示在高雷诺数下,高质量比的圆柱涡致振动会出现高幅分支。该文的数值分析方法可以为高雷诺数下结构涡致振动问题的研究提供参考。     

Numerical simulation of unsteady viscous flow around a circular cylinder

A finite difference solution is obtained for the time-dependent viscous incompressible 2-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder by direct integration of the Navier-Stokes equations expressed in a general curvilinear coordinate system. The solution describes the development of the vortex street developed behind the cylinder. Evolution of flow configuration is studied by means of streamlines, pressure contours, and vorticity contours for different Reynolds numbers. The time-dependent lift and drag coefficients are also obtained.     

Numerical simulation of buoyant drops suspended in Poiseuille flow at nonzero Reynolds numbers

Suspensions of two-dimensional buoyant drops in Poiseuille flow are studied at nonzero Reynolds numbers by numerical simulations. The flow is studied as a function of the Froude number, the Reynolds number, the Capillary number and the density ratio. First, the lateral migration of a drop is studied. Results agree with two-dimensional simulations of solid circular cylinders by Feng et al. (J Fluid Mech 261:95–134, 1994; J Fluid Mech 277:271–301, 1994) qualitatively. At a relatively large Reynolds number (120) and a moderate Froude number (43), a drop shows oscillations across the channel and does not obtain a stable equilibrium position. Simulations are also performed at low and moderate area fractions (0.22, 0.44). It is found that the effective viscosity strongly depends on the Froude number for heavy drops (α > 1). The effective viscosity changes with the Froude number for light drops as well (α < 1), but to a lower extent. The distribution and the fluctuation energy of drops across the channel are non-uniform for buoyant drops that depend on the Froude number. The density ratio also affects the distribution and fluctuation energy of drops across the channel. The effect of the Reynolds number on the effective viscosity of the suspension is also investigated.     

Numerical simulation of planar shear flow passing a rotating cylinder at low Reynolds numbers

Two-dimensional shear flow over a rotating circular cylinder is investigated using lattice Boltzmann method. Simulations are performed at a fixed blockage ratio (B = 0.1) while the Reynolds number, nondimensional shear rate (K) and absolute rotational speed range as 80 ≤ Re ≤ 180, 0 ≤ K ≤ 0.2 and −2 ≤ β ≤ 2, respectively. To verify the simulation, the results are compared to previous experimental and numerical data. Quantitative information about the flow variables such as drag and lift coefficients, pressure coefficient and vorticity distributions on the cylinders is highlighted. It is found that, generally, with the increment in |β|, the absolute value of time average lift coefficient increases and time average drag coefficient decreases, and beyond a certain magnitude of β, the vortex shedding vanishes. It is also revealed that the drag coefficient decreases as the Reynolds number increases while the effect of the Reynolds number on lift is almost negligible. At the end, correlations for drag and lift coefficients ([`(C<sub>D</sub> )] ,[`(C_L )]){(\overline {C_D } ,\overline {C_L })} are extracted from the numerical data.     

Finite element solutions for laminar flow and heat transfer around a square prism

Abstract

The finite element solutions of Navier‐Stokes and energy equations for steady laminar flow and heat transfer around square prisms, with attack angles of 0° and 45° have been obtained for a gas of Pr=0.7. The variations of surface shear stress, local pressure and Nusselt number are obtained over the entire prism surface including the zone beyond the point of separation. The predicted values of drag coefficients, the location of. separation, the average Nusselt number and the plots of velocity flow fields and isotherms are also presented. The trend of the present numerical results seems reasonable.     

Effect of the blockage ratio on the flow in a channel with a built-in square cylinder

The structures wakes behind a square cylinder in a laminar channel flow is conducted numerically. The Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients were studied in a periodic flow for different blockage ratios =1/4, 1/6 and 1/8 at Reynolds number ranging from 62 to 300. The governing equations are solved by using control volume finite element method (CVFEM) adapted to the staggered grid. The SIMPLER algorithm is used for the velocity-pressure coupling. The critical Reynolds numbers corresponding to the onset of vortex shedding and its change from simple periodic to complex periodic motion are established. A discussion about the effect of the blockage ratio on the Strouhal number, the time-averaged drag coefficient and the amplitude of the lift coefficient is also presented.     

Measurement of efffective atomic numbers of holmium doped and undoped layered semiconductors via transmission method around the absorption edge

Effective atomic numbers were measured for InSe and InSe having different Holmium concentrations measured in the energy region 15.746–40.930 keV using a Si(Li) detector. InSe:Holmium(0.0025), InSe:Holmium(0.0050), InSe:Holmium(0.025) InSe:Holmium(0.05) and InSe crystals have been grown by the Bridgman–Stocbarger method. The measured values were compared with the theoretical ones obtained using WinXCom being a Windows version of XCOM on the basis of mixture rule. The objective of this work is to show that there is a relation between effective atomic numbers and doped Ho fractions to InSe.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of flow past a non-spherical particle

Lattice Boltzmann method was used to predict the fluid-particle interaction for arbitrary shaped particles. In order to validate the reliability of the present approach, simulation of flow past a single stationary spherical, cylindrical or cubic particle is conducted in a wide range of Reynolds number (0.1 < Re_p < 3000). The results indicate that the drag coefficient is closely related to the particle shape, especially at high Reynolds numbers. The voxel resolution of spherical particle plays a key role in accurately predicting the drag coefficient at high Reynolds numbers. For non-spherical particles, the drag coefficient is more influenced by the particle morphology at moderate or high Reynolds numbers than at low ones. The inclination angle has an important impact on the pressure drag force due to the change of projected area. The simulated drag coefficient agrees well with the experimental data or empirical correlation for both spherical and non-spherical particles.     

Numerical analysis of dissolution processes in cementitious materials using discontinuous and continuous Galerkin time integration schemes

The present paper is concerned with the numerical integration of non‐linear reaction–diffusion problems by means of discontinuous and continuous Galerkin methods. The first‐order semidiscrete initial value problem of calcium leaching of cementitious materials, based on a phenomenological dissolution model, an electrolyte diffusion model and the spatial p‐finite element discretization, is used as a highly non‐linear model problem. A p‐finite element method is used for the spatial discretization. In the context of discontinuous Galerkin methods the semidiscrete mass balance and the continuity of the primary variables are weakly formulated within time steps and between time steps, respectively. Continuous Galerkin methods are obtained by the strong enforcement of the continuity condition as special cases. The introduction of a natural time co‐ordinate allows for the application of standard higher order temporal shape functions of the p‐Lagrange type and the well‐known Gauss–Legendre quadrature of associated time integrals. It is shown, that arbitrary order accurate integration schemes can be developed within the framework of the proposed temporal p‐Galerkin methods. Selected benchmark analyses of calcium dissolution demonstrate the robustness of these methods with respect to pronounced changes of the reaction term and non‐smooth changes of Dirichlet boundary conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.