建筑生态卫生排水系统与技术

传统的排水系统存在建设投资昂贵,废物的输送消耗大量的自来水,营养物质和水资源得不到循环利用等弊端。为了实现资源的可持续利用,建筑生态卫生排水系统日益受到重视并逐渐得到应用。对建筑生态卫生排水系统的理念、目的及实施该系统的关键技术进行了论述,采用该技术可以达到节约水资源、回收利用营养物质、防止生态环境恶化的多重目的。     

基于生态网络分析的流域水资源可持续性评价方法研究

将生态网络分析方法引入到水资源可持续利用评价中,构建了水资源利用系统的生态网络模型,从网络结构平衡角度提出适用于水资源利用系统的网络结构可持续评价指标和方法。并以淮河流域为例,对其2005~2011年的水资源可持续利用水平进行了定量评价与对比分析,获得了淮河流域水资源可持续性程度,为淮河流域水资源管理提供了依据。     

城镇污水处理水资源循环利用综述

污水资源化是水资源可持续利用的必然选择,介绍了城镇污水处理工艺流程及其水质控制,在此基础上,提出了城镇污水的收集与输送系统的建设和发展趋势及其再生利用工艺,最后介绍了污水资源化再利用的政策。     

水资源系统可持续利用的投影寻踪评价模型

针对水资源系统可持续利用评价问题，采用投影寻踪聚类模型，将多维数据指标转换到低维子空间。并优化其投影方向，根据投影函数值的大小对水资源系统可持续利用的程度进行合理评价。应用表明，该方法能利用一个综合反映多因素之间复杂关系的特征指标给出相应的评价结果，根据计算结果可以分析影响水资源系统可持续利用的主要因素，为水资源系统可持续利用的评价提供一种计算过程简单、直观的新方法。     

基于SVR的指标规范值的水资源可持续利用评价模型

针对现有的水资源可持续利用评价的回归支持向量机模型（LS-SVR）的不足,提出了水资源系统指标参照值和指标规范变换式的设置原则和方法,使不同的水资源指标经规范变换后皆“等效”于某一个规范指标,进而建立适用于任意m项指标规范值表示的回归支持向量机水资源可持续利用评价模型（NV-LS-SVR）。将NV-LS-SVR模型应用于汉中盆地和淮河流域12个地区水资源可持续利用评价中,评价结果与BP神经网络的评价结果基本一致,验证了该模型的可行性和实用性,为水资源可持续利用评价提供了参考。     

变化条件下大连市水资源可持续利用状态评价

针对水资源可持续利用状态具有动态可变性的评价标准及指标值具有区间性的问题,根据实行最严格水资源管理制度的思想,从用水总量、效率、水质及社会经济等方面确定了影响水资源可持续利用状态的重要指标,从而建立了基本评价体系,并确定了其评价标准,进而采用基于区间值的水资源可持续利用状态可变模糊评价方法分析了大连市水资源可持续利用状态评价指标体系、评价标准、模型参数及指标值等不确定性因素,评价了大连市各水平年的水资源可持续利用状态。结果表明:现状年(2007年)下大连市水资源可持续利用状态处于中级偏低水平;非常规水源利用规模的不断增大及外调水工程的陆续运行,一定程度上保障了未来经济社会发展对水资源的需求,提高了大连市水资源可持续利用能力,规划水平年(2015、2020、2030年)下水资源可持续利用状态基本稳定于中级或中级偏高水平。     

浅论吉林市水资源供需平衡途径

分析了吉林市水资源开发利用的现状,就如何实现水资源供需平衡展开了讨论。指出,要实现水资源的可持续利用,必须在满足水资源系统,包括水质水量,在自然循环运动规律的条件下,研究解决水资源的供需过程中的各种矛盾冲突,采取行之有效的措施,才能达到水资源的可持续供需动态平衡     

基于物元分析法的西安市水资源可持续利用评价

为改善水资源可持续利用现状,从经济、社会、生态环境、水环境和管理能力5个方面考虑,建立了水资源可持续利用评价指标体系,基于物元理论构建了水资源可持续利用评价模型,并以西安市为例,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

黑龙江省农垦建三江管理局区域农业水资源系统恢复力研究

为研究黑龙江省农垦建三江管理局区域农业水资源系统恢复力,运用可变模糊优选模型研究了其下属15个农场的水资源系统恢复力,分析了水资源、社会、经济以及生态环境四个子系统对农业水资源系统恢复力的影响机制,并利用ArcGIS绘制农业水资源系统恢复力等级空间分布图。结果显示建三江管理局农业水资源系统恢复力自西南向东北逐渐增强;其中洪河农场农业水资源系统恢复力最强,勤得利农场次之,创业、前锋、二道河、浓江农场农业水资源系统恢复力一般,其余9个农场农业水资源系统恢复力最弱。研究结果对建三江管理局农业水资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。     

物元可拓模型在水资源可持续利用评价中的应用

基于区域水资源可持续利用的内涵和意义,从水资源条件及开发利用、社会经济、生态环境和水资源管理等角度建立了水资源可持续利用指标体系。针对部分指标间存在不相容性和关联性的问题,结合物元分析和可拓学的相关理论,建立了新型的评价模型——物元可拓模型。以海南省为例,通过优选指标、确立等级和构建模型对该省水资源可持续利用态势进行了全面的评价,将结果与现实状况及传统评价模型的结果相比,验证了物元可拓模型在区域水资源可持续利用评价中的实用性。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996