生物质流化床气化技术应用研究现状

按所得产品不同,可将生物质气化技术分为制氢、发电和合成液体燃料3大类。文章介绍了生物质流化床水蒸气气化制氢、催化气化制氢和超临界水气化制氢的工艺特点;分析了生物质流化床气化发电的技术、经济可行性;简述了生物质流化床气化合成液体燃料的研究现状;指出气化产出气化学当量比调变、焦油去除问题和合成气净化是生物质流化床气化技术应用的主要瓶颈,认为定向气化是今后研究的主要方向。     

生物质气化耦合燃煤发电技术的应用

生物质气化耦合燃煤发电技术是生物质资源利用的重要发展方向。根据生物质气化耦合燃煤发电技术的原理,进行生物质气化耦合燃煤发电的实际应用,研究该技术在应用过程中存在的一些问题及对策,说明生物质气化耦合燃煤发电是生物质高效和经济的应用途径之一。     

生物质气化发电技术讲座(6)小型生物质气化发电系统应用实例分析

小型生物质气化发电系统一般指采用固定气化设备,发电规模在200kW以下的气化发电系统。小型生物质气化发电系统主要集中在发展中国家,特别是非洲、印度和中国等东南亚国家。虽然美国、欧洲等发达国家小型生物质气化发电技术非常成熟,但由于在发达国家中生物质能源相对较贵,而常规能源供应系统又很完善,所以对劳动强度大,使用不方便的小型生物质气化发电技术应用非常少,只有少数供研究用的实验装置。1小型气化发电系统的技术性能中国有着良好的生物质气化发电基础,我国早在20世纪60年代初就开展该方面工作,研究了样机并做了初步推广,还曾出…     

浅谈生物质气化在发电技术应用

随着经济的发展,世界各国电力需求猛增,电力供应日益紧张,在这种环境下,通过气化发电技术,把生物质能转化为电能,既能大规模处理生物质废料,又能提供电力,具有明显的社会和经济效益。介绍了生物质气化发电技术的国内外发展现状,着重讲述了生物质气化发电技术的原理、特点和分类,以及各类生物质气化发电技术的特点,分析了生物质气化发电技术的社会效益及应用前景。指出在我国这样一个农业大国应该大力发展生物质气化发电技术。     

太阳能驱动生物质气化多联产系统研究

提出一种太阳能驱动生物质气化的动力多联产系统,利用聚光太阳能驱动生物质热化学气化反应,生成的合成气在合成反应单元中被转化为天然气,未反应的合成气直接用于联合循环系统发电.该文对系统进行热力学性能分析,探究了气化温度和水煤气转换单元对系统性能的影响.结果表明系统的一次能源效率为44.63％,产物中合成天然气和发电量之比为...     

生物质气化发电技术讲座(7)大中型生物质气化发电系统应用实例分析

1 中型生物质气化发电系统。中型生物质气化发电系统一般采用流化床气化工艺，发电规模为400～3000kW。中型生物质气化发电系统在发达国家应用较早，所以技术较成熟，但由于设备造价很高，发电成本居高不下，所以，在发达国家应用极少。近年来，我国开发出了循环流化床气化发电系统，由于该系统有较好的经济性，所以在我国推广很快，已经成为国际上应用最多的中型生物质气化发电系统。     

生物质气化内燃机发电可行性分析

不同于传统化石能源,生物质能源是一种可再生能源,生物质气化发电技术的应用能够减少对化石燃料的依赖,保护环境并推动可持续发展。主要从生物质气化内燃机发电的原料分布、原料采集加工、气化工艺、发电规模、运行成本等方面对其可行性进行了综合分析。通过分析得出,生物质气化发电的主要成本为原料收集及加工成本,因此生物质气化发电技术适宜在农业发达地区或林木资源丰富的地区推广,除了发电收益外,配合气化炉副产物稻壳炭等能够大幅缩短回收周期。     

生物质发电气化过程的机理建模分析

生物质气化发电的关键技术是生物质气化技术,目前国内外对生物质气化发电技术的研究,还缺乏通用的气化模型和方法来模拟气化过程的特性,不能准确地确定生物质燃气的组分和热值等参数,难以提供气化发电系统的可靠数据.最常用的气化过程建模方法是建立机理模型,文章在重点分析了气化过程机理的基础上,把气化模型划分为平衡模型和动态模型两大类,并比较了各模型的优缺点.     

生物质气化发电在分布式能源中的应用

阐述了分布式能源和生物质气化发电及它们之间的联系;介绍了生物质气化发电的几种利用形式;展望了生物质气化发电在分布式能源中的应用前景。     

生物质气化技术及产业发展分析

生物质气化用途广泛、原料种类和规模适应性强,是实现生物质分布式开发利用和可燃固体废弃物处理的有效途径,可部分替代化石能源、推进节能减排、助力实现可持续发展,在世界范围内得到了广泛应用。本文综述了生物质气化、燃气净化关键技术和供热、发电、合成液体燃料等产业的发展现状,在此基础上对中国生物质气化产业前景进行了展望。     

生物质间接液化制洁净燃料二甲醚

生物质可以代替化石燃料来制备合成气，进而合成洁净燃料二甲醚。介绍了生物质气化和二甲醚的性质与制法，并分析了通过生物质气化的方法制备二甲醚的可行性和关键技术，同时对技术路线的选择进行了讨论。     

生物质化学链气化联合燃气轮机发电系统模拟

使用Aspen Plus软件对以Fe_2O_3为载氧体的生物质化学链气化系统进行模拟,分析温度、压力、载氧体与生物质摩尔比、水蒸气与生物质摩尔比等因素对合成气制备的影响;对不同生物质的气化条件进行优化;将气化制得的合成气通入M701F燃气轮机中发电,考察系统的发电效率。结果表明:常压下,不同生物质气化的优化温度均在740℃左右,此时制备的合成气冷煤气效率较高;提高反应压力有利于系统热量自平衡,但合成气的冷煤气效率降低;载氧体与生物质摩尔比的优化值与生物质中氧碳摩尔比呈负相关,且达到优化值时,气化环境中氧碳摩尔比在1.25左右;水蒸气通入气化系统后冷煤气效率可提高15.00%～20.00%,主要原因为H_2的产量显著增加,通入水蒸气后的气化环境的氧碳比在1.4左右时,制备合成气的冷煤气效率较高;系统的发电效率在30.00%～37.00%,高于生物质发电效率。     

Mechanisms of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes. Part 2: Reactions of Gasification

Abstract

Gasification as a thermochemical process is defined and limited to combustion and pyrolysis. The gasification of biomass is a thermal treatment which results in a high proportion of gaseous products and small quantities of char (solid product) and ash. Biomass gasification technologies have historically been based upon partial oxidation or partial combustion principles, resulting in the production of a hot, dirty, low Btu gas that must be directly ducted into boilers or dryers. In addition to limiting applications and often compounding environmental problems, these technologies are an inefficient source of usable energy. The main objective of the present study is to investigate gasification mechanisms of biomass structural constituents. Complete gasification of biomass involves several sequential and parallel reactions. Most of these reactions are endothermic and must be balanced by partial combustion of gas or an external heat source.     

Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water: A parametric study

Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water is a promising technology for utilizing high moisture content biomass, but reactor plugging is a critical problem when feedstocks with high biomass content are gasified. The objective of this paper is to prevent the plugging problem by studying the effects of the various parameters on biomass gasification in supercritical water. These parameters include pressure, temperature, residence time, reactor geometrical configuration, reactor types, heating rate, reactor wall properties, biomass types, biomass particle size, catalysts and solution concentration. Biomass model compounds (glucose, cellulose) and real biomass are used in this work. All the biomasses have been successfully gasified and the product gas is composed of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide and a small amount of ethane and ethylene. The results show that the gas yield of biomass gasification in supercritical water is sensitive to some of the parameters and the ways of reducing reactor plugging are obtained.     

生物质气化气中焦油非催化裂解实验研究

生物质气化是一种环境友好的新能源利用技术,焦油作为生物质气化的副产物,是限制气化技术发展的主要因素.试验针对生物质气化产出气中焦油在700～1 000℃裂解温度区间的裂解特性进行了分析,并提出了焦油裂解产气率的概念.试验表明,焦油裂解气可以成为生物质气化气的有效的能量补充,而且随着裂解温度的升高,焦油裂解产气率增加,焦...     

Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water using concentrated solar energy: System development and proof of concept

A novel system of hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water using concentrated solar energy has been constructed, installed and tested at the State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF). The “proof of concept” tests for solar-thermal gasification of biomass in supercritical water (SCW) were successfully carried out. Biomass model compounds (glucose) and real biomass (corn meal, wheat stalk) were gasified continuously with the novel system to produce hydrogen-rich gas. The effect of direct normal solar irradiation (DNI) and catalyst on gasification of biomass was also investigated. The results showed that the maximal gasification efficiency (the mass of product gas/the mass of feedstock) in excess of 110% were reached, hydrogen fraction in the gas product also approached to 50%. The experimental results confirmed the feasibility of the system and the advantage of the process, which supports future work to address the technical issues and develop the technology of solar-thermal hydrogen production by gasification of biomass in supercritical water.     

Comparison of thermochemical conversion processes of biomass to hydrogen-rich gas mixtures

Hydrogen can be produced from biomass materials via thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, steam gasification, steam-reforming, and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass. In general, the total hydrogen-rich gaseous products increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature for the biomass sample. The aim of gasification is to obtain a synthesis gas (bio-syngas) including mainly H₂ and CO. Steam reforming is a method of producing hydrogen-rich gas from biomass. Hydrothermal gasification in supercritical water medium has become a promising technique to produce hydrogen from biomass with high efficiency. Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in the supercritical water (SCW) is a promising technology for utilizing wet biomass. The effect of initial moisture content of biomass on the yields of hydrogen is good.     

An experimental study on air gasification of biomass micron fuel (BMF) in a cyclone gasifier

Biomass micron fuel (BMF) produced from feedstock (energy crops, agricultural wastes, forestry residues and so on) through an efficient crushing process is a kind of powdery biomass fuel with particle size of less than 250 μm. Based on the properties of BMF, a cyclone gasifier concept has been considered in our laboratory for biomass gasification. The concept combines and integrates partial oxidation, fast pyrolysis, gasification, and tar cracking, as well as a shift reaction, with the purpose of producing a high quality of gas. In this paper, characteristics of BMF air gasification were studied in the gasifier. Without outer heat energy input, the whole process is supplied with energy produced by partial combustion of BMF in the gasifier using a hypostoichiometric amount of air. The effects of equivalence ratio (ER) and biomass particle size on gasification temperature, gas composition, gas yield, low-heating value (LHV), carbon conversion and gasification efficiency were studied. The results showed that higher ER led to higher gasification temperature and contributed to high H₂-content, but too high ER lowered fuel gas content and degraded fuel gas quality. A smaller particle was more favorable for higher gas yield, LHV, carbon conversion and gasification efficiency. And the BMF air gasification in the cyclone gasifier with the energy self-sufficiency is reliable.     

Hydrogen-rich gas production from biomass air and oxygen/steam gasification in a downdraft gasifier

Biomass gasification is an important method to obtain renewable hydrogen. However, this technology still stagnates in a laboratory scale because of its high-energy consumption. In order to get maximum hydrogen yield and decrease energy consumption, this study applies a self-heated downdraft gasifier as the reactor and uses char as the catalyst to study the characteristics of hydrogen production from biomass gasification. Air and oxygen/steam are utilized as the gasifying agents. The experimental results indicate that compared to biomass air gasification, biomass oxygen/steam gasification improves hydrogen yield depending on the volume of downdraft gasifier, and also nearly doubles the heating value of fuel gas. The maximum lower heating value of fuel gas reaches 11.11 MJ/N m³ for biomass oxygen/steam gasification. Over the ranges of operating conditions examined, the maximum hydrogen yield reaches 45.16 g H₂/kg biomass. For biomass oxygen/steam gasification, the content of H₂ and CO reaches 63.27–72.56%, while the content of H₂ and CO gets to 52.19–63.31% for biomass air gasification. The ratio of H₂/CO for biomass oxygen/steam gasification reaches 0.70–0.90, which is lower than that of biomass air gasification, 1.06–1.27. The experimental and comparison results prove that biomass oxygen/steam gasification in a downdraft gasifier is an effective, relatively low energy consumption technology for hydrogen-rich gas production.