Conversational discourse analysis as a method for evaluating progress in aphasia: a case report

The gains made by a woman with Broca's aphasia as documented by traditional measures were paralleled by changes in conversation, including increased verbal output and efficiency, and changes in conversation repair patterns. Her conversational partner decreased her verbal output, as predicted. The progress documented with conversational discourse analysis was not observable from other test measures. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.     

Professionalism in nursing: difference between theoretical learning and clinical activity]

There still seems to exist some dichotomy in nursing education between theoretical achievements and clinical practice, a key moment to verify applied knowledge and put it into practice. The aim with the present study is to compare activities considered professionalizing at a theoretical level with activities being performed during clinical practice. The instrument utilised to collect data was a questionnaire on nurse-professionalism using a Likert scale. The subject participating in the study were 3rd year nursing students from three universities in Rome. The results clearly shows how the theoretical preparation of nurse students is in contrast with clinical practice performance. The only nursing area where theory and practice seem to correspond is that of individualised nursing care, the biggest gap between theory and practice was found concerning research activities.     

Caring in nursing: a multivariate analysis

The dimensions underlying the perceptions of caring among nurses were investigated using the Edinburgh Caring Dimensions Inventory (CDI). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques were used. While there was a general caring factor on which the majority of the items in the CDI loaded, there were two separable major dimensions to caring, namely 'psychosocial aspects' and 'professional and technical aspects'. In addition, two smaller dimensions were identified that were both related to self-giving, and it is postulated that these refer, respectively, to appropriate and inappropriate self-giving in nursing.     

Freedom and voluntary death: suicide as ideology

Voices have been increasing in the last years, demanding the right of men to choose time and way of ending his life, thus asking consequently the liberty for mankind of killing themselves. The most important of these ideas are explained in connection with their philosophical, psychological and sociological background and confronted with the results of modern suicide research. The outcome of this review gives, however, no reason for changes in the previous and successful ways of suicide prevention.     

Professional Development: Training for Professionalism as a Foundation for Competent Practice in Psychology.

Professional development (PD) is a broad, albeit vaguely defined, construct that underlies psychologists' education and training and is intrinsic to professional functioning, or professionalism, throughout psychologists' careers. This article resulted from the deliberations of a working group at the November 2002 Competencies Conference: Future Directions in Education and Credentialing in Professional Psychology. The authors propose a definition of PD and consider professionalism to be its outcome. They then focus on 2 elements of professionalism--interpersonal functioning and thinking like a psychologist--and address related development and assessment implications for training and practice. Recommendations and implications for professional psychology organizations and for training and lifelong practices of psychologists emerged for further consideration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An analysis of nursing documentation as a reflection of actual nurse work

Nursing documentation is a fundamental nursing responsibility, yet it does not reflect the holistic nature of nurses' practice and work. This pilot study investigated nurses' perceptions of the function and value of documentation and barriers to the documentation process.     

The negative self-concept in clinical depression: A discourse analysis.

Traditional models of depression have received criticism for their individualistic approach that focuses on hypothetical, unobservable, inner states or processes and attempts to abstract these processes from the context of a person's everyday life experiences. In response to this criticism, the current research advances a contrasting discursive account of depression in which depression is investigated as a socially negotiated phenomenon. Eight women and 8 men (aged 23–57 yrs) with a diagnosis of major depression were interviewed about their experiences of depression. The interviews were then discourse analyzed. Both similarities and differences in the way women and men talked about depression were observed; however, only similarities are reported in the current article. The discourse analysis shows that participants actively resisted taking blame for their depression and constructed themselves as worthy persons. The discrepancy of these results with traditional depression theory and research, in which depressed persons are described as inherently self-blaming, is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Professionals as providers: Some thoughts on disability and ideology.

Examines, in historical terms, the differences between the leaders of the handicapped rights (HRs) movement and leaders of the vocational rehabilitation VR program. VR was born in the 1920's and was dominated by the emerging science of psychology. HR activists came to political maturity in the 1960's and adopted a civil-rights ideology. It is suggested that both the professional and the civil rights outlook have their share of contradictions and that these contradictions need to be understood before they can be unraveled. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基弗艺术话语系统中的符号——阁楼

在基弗艺术众多的符号中,阁楼系列标志着其个人艺术风格的确立.所呈现的无论是幽闭抑或恢弘的空间,基弗皆赋予阁楼以深刻的内涵与宏大的主题.基弗将阁楼作为对神话、宗教、历史和文化进行反思的载体.由此将艺术引向辽阔的文化景观.阁楼系列折射了基弗对二战后德国文化及历史的思考,这一主题贯穿于基弗之后的艺术,成为其艺术的重要精神特征.     

The art of nursing: the client-nurse relationship as a therapeutic tool

The C-N relationship is the cornerstone and essence of mental health/psychiatric nursing. However, that process has the same potential for nursing in general. The C-N relationship is an interpersonal, interactive, and ongoing relationship set up to assist clients in the continuous evolution toward quality health and well-being. Although this article focuses primarily on the mental health population, the value of a positive working C-N relationship is paramount in addressing all health care issues. The C-N relationship is, indeed, a therapeutic tool that can generate positive side effects, enhance treatment approaches, and greatly influence favorable health care outcomes. It is easy to apply, is flexible, and, when used effectively, can generate the power within health care situations to determine desired health care outcomes.     

Ethical ideology and judgments of social psychological research: Multidimensional analysis.

24 undergraduates completed the 1st author's ethics position questionnaire and then compared the ethical similarity of 15 experiments through a series of 105 paired comparisons. Through multidimensional scaling, 3 factors—potential harm to experiment participants, use of manipulative illegitimate procedures, and the ratio between benefits and risks—were identified as the key characteristics associated with moral judgments of social psychological studies. Ss who endorsed different ethical ideologies, however, differed in their emphasis of these factors. "Situationists" emphasized risks relative to benefits and the potential harm to experiment participants. "Absolutists" based their judgments on costs created for participants and the riskiness of the procedures. Judgments by "subjectivists" were associated with the harmfulness, legitimacy, and invasiveness of the procedures. "Exceptionists" emphasized the consequentiality of the research, as well as scientific legitimacy, magnitude of costs, and deception. Findings are in general consistent with a taxonomy of ethical ideologies based on individual differences in relativism and idealism and have implications for current debates concerning the ethics of social psychological research. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Empowerment as a source of healing: redefining the art of nursing management

Empowerment amounts to a social process of recognizing, promoting and enhancing staff nurse abilities to meet self needs, solve their own problems and mobilize the necessary resources to gain mastery over their own professional lives. Healing, to be made whole, is a process of getting in touch with that which is impeding our realization of wholeness. Empowerment as a source of organizational healing conveys the message that in order to realize wholeness, nurses are dependent upon personal and organizational resources. As nurses learn multiple ways to interact with the work environment, they find the path to a wholeness that incorporates physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual aspects of themselves. As the value of wholeness is realized individually, interactions with the environment spontaneously manifest these attributes and the message permeates the nursing community. As the nursing community is empowered, it is increasingly able to empower the individual. This expanding energy can result in a synergistic pattern that brings phenomena together, and interrelates them, creating a new and greater whole from the disparate, seemingly conflicting parts. When nurses as individuals and groups are able and willing (empowered) to invest energy to that which impacts their lives so that they can move toward wholeness (heal), positive energy exponentially intensifies and permeates the environment to envelop all.     

Counseling discourse as a speech event: Revision and extension of the Hill Counselor Verbal Response Category System.

Presents an extension and revision of the Hill Counselor Verbal Response Category System that retains the original system's content analytic approach to classifying counselors' responses without regard to their quality, but deviates from the original in its conceptual framework and rules for defining meaningful response units. 34 initial and 2nd interviews of undergraduate clients and their counselors were analyzed. Comparisons suggest relative stability across time but some anomalies within dyads; negative correlations of degree of structure emerged with a measure of client activity. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

《故都的秋》的语篇功能分析

以<故都的秋>一文为例,从功能语言学的角度出发,从语篇结构和语篇衔接两个方面分析其语言特征,从语义层面上探讨了散文的语言特征及散文的重要特征形散神不散的关系,为散文评价和写作提供了一个语言学视角.     

Professional ideology: A response to a critique.

The present author responds to the article by J. Stubbins (see record 1985-31779-001) on rehabilitation services as ideology by providing an analysis of historical and philosophical bases of disability policies. It is posited that socioeconomic forces have influenced rehabilitation services' focus upon the individual client and that their impact persists despite evidence of the ineffectiveness of this approach. It is suggested that what Stubbins says could be valid for all human-service programs. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measuring outcomes in nursing centers: otitis media as a sample case

While it is generally recognized that NPs offer affordable, quality health care, few studies have measured outcomes of clients who seek primary care services from NPs. This pilot study describes the outcomes of children with otitis media who received care from NPs employed in an academic nursing center. Outcome measurements included issues related to timing, level of analysis, and attribution. Parents of 27 children participated in a telephone survey consisting of seven questions relating to the care their children received from NPs and their recovery path. Although every respondent reported having a positive visit at the nursing center, concerns for NPs surfaced during the process of measuring outcomes. This study emphasizes the need for measuring outcomes in nursing clinics and demonstrates one way to measures client outcomes, revealing both general health care and specific nursing practice implications.     

Oncology nursing: professional development as a clinical specialty in Hong Kong

Cancer is a major health problem world-wide. Therefore, it is not surprising that cancer is identified as the top priority disease group for an improvement programme by the Hospital Authority in Hong Kong. Laser therapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, for example, is evidence of the advancement of the scientific and technological developments for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the establishment of the Cancer Centre has provided ample opportunities for clinical practices and research studies. In response to the proclamation of the 'urgent need for the establishment of a cancer society in every country' by Searle in 1990, the Oncology Care Society of Hong Kong, which aims to promote both cancer education and cancer research, was established in 1993. Adopted from the core curriculum of the European Oncology Nursing Society, the specialist course of cancer nursing care was first implemented in Hong Kong in 1993 and the nurse specialist is now a permanent part of nursing career structure in Hong Kong. This paper attempts to review the development of oncology nursing in Hong Kong according to these factors and to find ways to improve the current situation.     

Unwritten knowledge in nursing: consider the spoken as well as the written word

Knowledge has been defined as familiarity gained by experience or a person's range of information and theoretical understanding (Sykes, 1982). The distinction is made to avoid confusion with the knowledge of scientism (Bullock, Stallybrass, & Trombley, 1988), where true or factual knowledge is held to be derivable only from the inductive methods of the natural sciences. Knowledge has its origins in a broader field of understanding than that of empirical measurement.     

框架理论对批评话语分析的启示

框架理论是研究语义、句法结构意义及其参照体系的一种认知理论,对话语意义的构建和解读有较强的阐释力,可以为批评话语分析服务.而系统功能语法作为公认的批评话语分析的主要方法,也存在不足,即忽略了对认知这一要素的阐释.框架理论则能从认知角度弥补这一不足,为批评话语分析提供新的思路和方法.以布什对伊宣战讲话为例,运用框架理论对语篇进行了批评分析,从认知角度揭示话语对读者和听众的控制.