钛基Pt-Ta电极在离子水生成器中的应用研究

电解离子水具有广泛的用途,可分为碱性水和酸性水。电极是离子水生成器中的核心部件,国外离子水生产器用的电极一般为Pt/Ti电极。为了降低成本,用热分解法制备了Pt-Ta/Ti电极,分析了离子水电极反应原理,用电子显微镜测试了Pt-Ta/Ti电极表面形貌及电极性能。结果表明,Pt-Ta/Ti电极强化寿命和铂含量呈正比,在间歇倒极操作条件下,电解特性满足离子水器使用要求。使用该电极可以生产出性能优异的离子水。     

离子水和氧化还原水生产装置

该可生产酸性和碱性离子水和氧化还原水的电解设备，可降低水的氧化还原电位。     

离子水--21世纪的保健品

离子水是一种新型的保健饮用水.本文主要对饮用水、离子水的功能和作用进行了概述,阐述了离子水对人类生活和健康的影响,且指出了离子水具有良好的发展、开发和推广的前景.     

电解催化氧化法处理含酚废水技术及机理研究

以聚合前驱体方法制备了Ti/SnO_2平板电极,用SEM和XRD表征了电极表面涂层形貌及结构。以自制Ti/SnO_2电极为阳极,电解催化氧化法处理100 mg/L的含酚废水,试验表明电催化系统能够产生羟基自由基,自制Ti/SnO_2电极具有良好的催化活性和使用寿命。当电流密度为0.01 A/cm2、极板间距为14 mm、初始p H为4,电解催化时间50 min后,出水苯酚去除率几乎为100%。     

离子水生产技术

本文从理论和实践上阐述离子水生成原理及生产技术。     

C/C复合材料表面金属Ti/TiO2/Pt薄膜的制备及研究

C/C复合材料具有化学性质稳定、 热膨胀系数低以及优良的高温稳定性.因此C/C复合材料是制备低红外发射率薄膜的理想基体材料.本文通过改变参数,探究了薄膜厚度、真空热处理温度对薄膜表面形貌、附着力、物相组成、红外发射率等性能的影响.研究发现:当Ti薄膜厚度为1.06μm,真空热处理温度为1000℃时,经过320℃/5 h...     

硝基苯电解还原制备对氨基苯酚的研究

1 前言对氨基苯酚(简称 PAP)是一种重要的有机精细化工中间体。在制药工业中,它可用于生产扑热息痛、扑炎痛和安妥明等药品;在染料工业中,可用于生产各种硫化染料、酸性染科和毛皮染料。此外,它还可用作橡胶防老剂和照像显影剂等,是一种用途较广的有机化工原料。传统的生产方法是以苯为原料,经氯化、硝化、水解和酸化4个主要步骤制得对硝基苯酚,对硝基苯酚经铁粉还原制得 PAP。该法产品的总收率仅50%左右,产品质量差且三废     

对氨基苯酚合成用酸性季鳞盐离子液体催化剂的制备及性能

合成了新型的酸性季鳞盐型离子液体(IL)取代传统的硫酸催化剂,并与Pt/C催化剂构成双催化剂体系用于硝基苯催化加氢一步合成对氨基苯酚(PAP)的反应.在4种酸性季鳞盐离子液体中,三苯基膦季鳞硫酸氢盐[HSO3(CH2)4P(Ph)3]HSO4的催化性能要优于三苯基膦季鏻三氟甲磺酸盐[HSO3(CH2)4P(Ph)3]C...     

流化床电解法处理含铜废水装置的研制

提出了采用流化床电解法处理含铜废水,对处理装置的性能进行了研究,确定处理含铜废水的最佳电解参数为电流密度0.5～1.2 A·dm-2,电流效率80%以上,其技术指标为铜回收率99%,电耗5～6 kWh·kg-1.实验表明,该装置处理含铜废水效果良好,并能回收金属铜.     

酸性离子液体催化制备生物柴油的研究进展

主要总结了国内外利用酸性离子液体催化合成生物柴油的进展,介绍了离子液体特性及其催化制备生物柴油的优点。简述了酸性离子液体在酯化和制备生物柴油反应中的应用,对酸性离子液体催化制备生物柴油的研究方向进行了展望。     

Platinum-modified titanium anodes for the electrolytic destruction of nitric acid

Three sets of electrodes, namely Pt electroplated Ti (PET) and diffusion annealed PET (DAPET) of plating thickness 3, 5, 7 and 10 μm and thermochemically glazed mixed oxide coated titanium anode (MOCTA-G) were evaluated for their performance, with a view to optimizing the current density conditions for maximum efficiency during the electrolytic destruction of nitric acid. In the acid killing by electro-reduction process, concentration of nitric acid in the high level waste (HLW) from the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant was brought down from about 4 to 0.5 M in order to reduce the amount of HLW by subsequent evaporation and to minimise the corrosion in waste tanks during storage of the concentrated waste solution. The electrochemical reduction of 4 and 8 M nitric acid to near neutral conditions was carried out with the above-said anodes and Ti cathode at various cathodic current densities ranging from 10 to 80 mA cm⁻². At current densities below 15 mA cm⁻² MOCTA-G electrode worked satisfactorily, whereas PET and DAPET electrodes could withstand and function well at much higher cathodic current densities (up to 80 mA cm⁻²). The life assessment of a 3 μm thick PET electrode at a cathodic current density of 60 mA cm⁻² in 8 M HNO₃ for a period of 110 h showed no failure. Phase identification of the plated electrodes was done by XRD measurements and their surface morphology was investigated by SEM.     

Lewis酸离子液体催化合成4-甲基苯乙酮

以甲苯和乙酰氯为原料,在Lewis酸离子液体中,催化合成4-甲基苯乙酮。考察了反应条件对4-甲基苯乙酮的收率和选择性的影响。当[Bmim]Cl-FeCl3离子液体中FeCl3的摩尔分数为0.67,n（[Bmim]Cl-FeCl3）：n（乙酰氯）=1：1,n（苯甲醚）：n（乙酰氯）=3：l,反应温度80℃,反应时间4h时,4-甲基苯乙酮的收率和选择性最高,分别达到93.7%和83.9%。该方法操作简单、且Lewis酸离子液体可循环使用,是环境友好的绿色方法。     

Investigation of Ionic Liquids for the Separation of Butanol and Water

Abstract

With the continual rise in the cost of fossil fuel based energy, research into economic and sustainable alternatives is of increasing importance. One significant source of increased cost and demand is the consumption of fossil fuels for automotive fuels. While ethanol has received the most attention as a fuel additive; butanol could be a better direct fuel alternative owing to its physical properties and energy value when compared to ethanol. Commercial butanol is nearly exclusively produced from petroleum feedstocks currently; however, some recent interest has begun to refocus on its generation via fermentation. Unfortunately, this production is limited due to the nature of the process and the use of energy-intensive separation techniques. Ionic liquids are novel green solvents that have the potential to be employed as an extraction agent to remove butanol from the aqueous fermentation media. A hurdle to this potential is the limited availability of solubility data for ionic liquids. This research investigates the phase behavior of two ionic liquids, butanol, and water. Additionally, issues related to the implementation of the investigated ionic liquids are discussed.     

Preparation of Mesoporous TiO2 by Ionic Liquid Modified Sol-Gel Method

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,采用离子液体（[C4MIM]BF4）修饰溶胶–凝胶法制备锐钛矿相介孔二氧化钛光催化材料。采用氮气吸附–脱附、红外光谱、X 射线衍射以及透射电子显微镜等检测技术对样品进行表征,以甲基橙水溶液为降解对象,在紫外光（λ = 468 nm）下,考察了制备样品的光催化活性。结果表明：当离子液体加入量为 2.5mL 时,300℃焙烧的介孔二氧化钛具有较大的比表面积（178.133m2/g）,所得样品粒径约为 20 nm,此时样品具有较高的光催化活性。700℃焙烧仍为锐钛矿相,表明产物具有好的热稳定性。     

Electrolysis of HBr using molten, alkali-bromide electrolytes

The electrolytic oxidation of HBr was investigated using molten alkali-bromide salts in a porous scaffold of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), with porous Pt electrodes. Despite a relatively thick (1.0 mm) and dense (35% porous) YSZ scaffold, a total cell impedance of less than 3 Ωcm² was achieved with NaBr at 1033 K. The open-circuit potentials also agreed with theoretical potentials for the reaction H₂ + Br₂ = 2HBr. Lower operating temperatures were made possible by using a eutectic mixture of alkali bromides, (Li_0.56K_0.19Cs_0.25)Br. The electrolyte losses for the (Li_0.56K_0.19Cs_0.25)Br electrolyte, determined from the ohmic component of the impedance spectra, were less than 1.5 Ωcm² at 673 and 773 K, similar to the value found for NaBr at 1033 K, indicating that the ionic conductivities of the alkali bromides are high so long as the salts are molten. However, the electrode losses were dependent on temperature, decreasing from 18.1 Ωcm² to 3.0 Ωcm² in going from 673 to 773 K. Implications of these results for recycling HBr in hydrocarbon bromination reactions are discussed.