温度对水泥沥青砂浆力学性能影响程度试验研究

为研究不同温度下配比不同的水泥沥青砂浆的力学性能,采用电液伺服万能试验机测试了不同温度下水泥沥青砂浆静态单轴抗压下的应力-应变关系,获得了弹性模量和最大应力随温度的变化规律.试验结果表明:随着温度的降低,应力-应变曲线的上升斜率变大,出现最大值后下降段逐渐变陡;水泥沥青砂浆的弹性模量与最大应力值随沥青含量和温度的增大而降低,其温度敏感性主要由沥青含量决定.联系试验结果,建立了可定量分析水泥沥青砂浆力学性能随温度变化的本构关系,且拟合结果显示用温感因子描述其力学性能的温度敏感性有较高的合理性,随着沥青含量的增高,温感因子数值增大,最大应力所对应的温感因子大于弹性模量的.     

水泥乳化沥青砂浆力学性能的分析模型

基于能量机制研究了中国铁路轨道系统(CRTS)Ⅰ型水泥乳化沥青砂浆(CA砂浆)在6种应变率(3.33×10--5/s~1.67×10--1/s)条件下的力学性能。结果表明:CA砂浆的峰值应力、弹性模量及峰值应力对应的应变均随着应变率的增大而增大,峰值应力对应变率的敏感性最高,峰值应力对应的应变对应变率的敏感性最低,随着应变率的增大,CA砂浆破坏的脆性特征越明显,碎裂程度越高。机械能与耗散能随着变形的增加持续增大,弹性能在峰值应力前不断积累,峰值应力后迅速释放,导致CA砂浆的整体破坏,应变率越大,机械能与耗散能的增加速率越大,弹性能在峰值应力前的积累速率越大,峰值应力后的释放速率越大。采用统计损伤理论建立了CA砂浆的本构模型,拟合结果与试验结果的相关系数均在0.97以上,能够有效预测CA砂浆在不同应变率条件下的力学性能。     

沥青对水泥沥青砂浆力学性能的影响

采用微机控制电子万能试验机对水泥沥青砂浆(CA砂浆)进行了应力--应变压缩试验,分析了试验过程中CA砂浆的弹性能和耗散能随沥青含量的变化规律。结果表明:随着沥青含量的增加,CA砂浆的强度逐渐降低,脆性逐渐减弱,象征强度弱化区域的有机物--无机物界面的增多是强度降低的主要原因,沥青含量的增加使CA砂浆内释放的弹性能只有小部分用于缺陷的扩展,加之沥青网络结构的横向约束作用导致脆性逐渐减弱。外力功随应变的增加逐渐增大,随沥青含量的增加逐渐减小;弹性能开始向耗散能转化发生在屈服变形阶段,峰值应力后,弹性能向耗散能的转化速率加快,能量迅速释放。能量释放系数随应变的增加逐渐增大,能量释放加快;能量释放系数随沥青含量的增加逐渐增大,表明CA砂浆的阻尼性能提高,减振作用增强。     

环氧树脂掺量对CAE砂浆力学性能的影响机理分析

使用电液伺服万能材料试验机对水泥-乳化沥青-环氧树脂砂浆(CAE砂浆)进行了单轴压缩试验,分析了CAE砂浆的力学行为随环氧树脂含量的变化规律.采用SEM微观测试手段研究了环氧树脂掺量对CAE砂浆微观结构的影响.结果表明,随着环氧树脂掺量的增加,CAE砂浆的弹性模量、峰值应力和脆性指数逐渐减小,峰值应力对应的应变逐渐增加,CAE砂浆的塑性变形特征越加明显.CAE砂浆弹性能的峰值随着环氧树脂掺量的增加逐渐增大,CAE砂浆的耗散能随着环氧树脂掺量的增加逐渐减小,环氧树脂有助于增加CAE砂浆的致密性和内部黏聚力,降低外力作用对其产生的损伤.     

混凝土静动态轴向拉伸力学性能

为了解动荷载作用下混凝土结构响应特点,探讨轴向拉伸作用下混凝土静动态力学性能关系,通过对棱柱体混凝土试件进行轴向拉伸试验,分析了7种不同应变速率条件下混凝土试件应力--应变关系曲线、轴向拉伸强度、弹性模量、峰值应变的变化规律。结果表明:随着应变速率的不同,混凝土试件破坏形态发生了变化;混凝土动态轴向拉伸强度、弹性模量和峰值应变均随着应变速率的增加而逐渐增大;混凝土动态轴向拉伸强度、弹性模量和峰值应变增长因子同动静态应变速率比值的对数呈线性增长关系。     

水泥乳化沥青砂浆的静态热机械性能及拟合模型

为了获得水泥乳化沥青砂浆(CA砂浆)的静态热机械性能,采用德国GABO公司生产的动态热力学谱仪EPLEXOR500 N系统研究了CA砂浆在–40~60℃的温度范围内和0.1 MPa的恒定荷载下变形随温度的发展规律。结果表明:CA砂浆的变形随着温度的升高逐渐增大,整体变形可分为减速变形阶段和变形速率相对稳定的第1、第2匀速变形阶段;当温度相同时,CA砂浆的变形随着沥青和水分含量的增大而增大;当沥青/水泥比由0.3增加到0.9和水/水泥比由0.63增加到0.83时,由减速变形阶段进入第1匀速变形阶段的转变温度T1分别由–30.1℃升高到–27.2℃和由–31.3℃升高到–21.7℃;当沥青/水泥比由0.3增加到0.9,由第1匀速变形阶段进入第2匀速变形阶段的转变温度T2由33.3℃降低到15.6℃,当水/水泥比由0.63增加到0.83时,T2由15.6℃升高到17.9℃。建立了CA砂浆的静态热机械模型,模型拟合结果与试验结果的相关系数均大于0.97,能够有效体现转变温度T2随沥青和水分含量的变化规律。模型参数较少,可为CA砂浆变形性能的温度依赖性提供有效预测。     

碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰净浆/砂浆力学性能研究

开展碱激发材料力学性能的研究有利于促进其在实际工程中的应用。本文研究了矿渣掺量及细骨料掺量对碱激发净浆/砂浆抗压强度、弹性模量及应力-应变曲线的影响。结果表明:矿渣的掺入能够显著提高碱激发净浆/砂浆的抗压强度和弹性模量;细骨料掺量增多会降低抗压强度,但会提高弹性模量。净浆28 d弹性模量在12.83~19.53 GPa,砂浆28 d弹性模量在18.72~23.10 GPa。细骨料掺量为40%(质量分数)时,砂浆峰值应力和峰值应变出现明显下降,弹性模量变大。采用分段式方程对碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰净浆/砂浆的应力-应变曲线进行拟合,拟合曲线与实测曲线吻合良好。拟合结果表明碱激发净浆/砂浆应力-应变下降段曲线随矿渣掺量与龄期增加而变陡,反映材料脆性增强,与上升段曲线规律一致。     

活性粉末混凝土单轴循环压缩试验条件下力学特性研究

通过对3种钢纤维体积含量(0％、2％、4％)活性粉末混凝土在较长龄期(3年)进行单轴循环及常规单轴压缩试验,得到其在对应加载制度下轴向及径向应力应变全曲线数据.比较分析了3种钢纤维体积含量活性粉末混凝土在两种加载制度下峰值强度、轴向峰值应变、弹性模量、泊松比、破坏模式及轴应力体应变曲线的异同,并对RPC基本力学性能随钢纤维体积含量增加的变化规律进行了定量分析.结果 显示:峰值强度、轴向峰值应变、弹性模量、泊松比、破坏模式只与钢纤维体积含量有关,与加载制度无关;活性粉末混凝土峰值强度、轴向峰值应变、泊松比随钢纤维体积含量的增加而增大;对3种钢纤维体积含量活性粉末混凝土在单轴循环压缩试验条件下的滞回性能也进行了详细分析.     

沥灰比对水泥乳化沥青砂浆断裂韧性的影响

基于断裂力学理论,采用单边带裂缝梁三点弯曲试验,研究了沥灰比(沥青/水泥质量比mA/mC)对水泥乳化沥青(CA)砂浆断裂行为的影响。根据测试的荷载–扰度(P–d)和荷载–裂缝口张开位移(P–dc)曲线,计算了不同沥灰比CA砂浆的应力强度因子K_I、J积分和断裂能,并测试了CA砂浆的抗压及抗折强度。结果表明:随着沥灰比的增大,CA砂浆的强度降低但变形能力(延性)增大,CA砂浆由准脆性断裂过渡为韧性断裂;当m_A/m_C0.5时,CA砂浆呈准脆性断裂,可用由线弹性断裂力学导出的断裂韧度K_(Ic)表征其断裂韧性;少量沥青的掺入虽使CA砂浆裂缝尖端塑性变大,但亦导致其强度降低,因而沥灰比为0.3时CA砂浆的K_(Ic)=0.248 5 MPa×m~(1/2),约为水泥砂浆的一半;当mA/mC≥0.5时,CA砂浆因塑性较大而呈韧性断裂,应用弹塑性断裂力学导出的J_(Ic)表征其韧性;沥灰比由0.5增大到0.9时,CA砂浆的JIc由39.222变为34.848 J/m~2,且因延性增大而使其断裂能由31.97增加到46.37 N/m;沥青相主要通过增大CA砂浆的延性而提高其韧性。     

高铝砖高温弯曲应力-应变关系

采用研制的高温弯曲应力-应变测试仪研究了Ⅰ等高铝砖DL-80、Ⅱ等高铝砖GL-75和Ⅲ等高铝砖GL-55在不同温度下的力学性能,包括应力-应变曲线、弹性模量、抗折强度和断裂时的最大变形量。结果表明:高铝砖在不同温度下的应力-应变关系可以分为弹性阶段、塑性阶段和粘滞流动阶段;在低、中温范围内,高铝砖的弹性模量和抗折强度随温度的上升而增加,到达某一转折温度后,随温度的上升而明显下降;3种高铝砖高温力学性能从高到低的排列顺序为:Ⅱ等>Ⅰ等>Ⅲ等。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。