铝合金铸件氧化膜卷入的数值模拟

在直接有限差分法DFDM(Direct Finite Difference Method)进行铸件充型过程模拟的基础上,提出了充型过程自由表面碰撞中表面氧化膜破碎,及其后破碎氧化膜流动的计算模型.对试验铝合金铸件进行了模拟应用,使用特殊X射线装置对该铸件实际充型过程及自由表面进行了实时观察验证,通过实际铸件的气孔、收缩缺陷分布的检测,对氧化膜卷入模拟结果进行了定性验证分析.     

铝合金铸造充型过程气体和氧化膜卷入的数值模拟研究进展

铝合金铸造充型过程中,由紊态自由表面引起的气体和氧化膜卷入直接决定了铸件中气孔缺陷和氧化膜夹杂的分布,对于实际铸件的力学性能有着重要的影响,Campbell在该领域进行了系统而又深入的研究,提出了一整套相关的理论。近十年来,有关铝合金铸造充型过程气体和氧化膜卷入的数值模拟已逐步发展成为铸造缺陷数值模拟领域一个新兴的研究热点,文中简要介绍了Campbell的氧化膜卷入理论,在此基础上总结了在气体和氧化膜卷入数值模拟领域国际上的发展概况,同时指出了目前研究中仍然存在的一些问题和未来的发展趋势。     

铸件充型凝固过程数值模拟研究

概述了铸件充型及凝固过程数值模拟研究的最新进展。采用并行计算技术，对压铸充型模拟过程数值计算方法进行了改进。提出了用动态膨胀收缩累积法来预测球墨铸铁缩孔缺陷，在球铁件上进行了缩孔形成的模拟和工艺改进。采用的有限差分与有限元相结合的方法模拟铸件应力场。实现了有限差分温度载荷到有限元模型的自动转换与传递，并采用有限元法计算出铸件应力场。     

铸件充型过程数值模拟的发展

铸件充型过程对铸件的质量有着重要的影响.铸件充型过程的数值模拟可帮助人们更清楚地了解铸件充型过程中金属液的运动状态及温度场的分布.本文主要对充型过程数值模拟中的数值方法的发展过程、自由表面的处理方法的演变以及各种紊流模型的建立等问题进行了总结,并对充型过程的进一步研究发展进行了展望.     

铸件三维充型过程耦合数值模拟

采用改进后的ＳＯＬＡ－ＶＯＦ方法处理自由表面,有效地克服了传统的ＳＯＬＡ－ＶＯＦ法中的“施体－受体”法在处理三维自由表面时精度差和时间步和菠的缺点。在自由表面处理上采用了新的压力插值函数,使三维自由表面的处理变得简单明了。用有限差分法建立了铸件三维充型过程流动与传热的耦合计算数值模型,并对大型灌壁铅合金件进行了数值计算。后处理中采用插值技术,直观地显示了充填过程中自由表面的位置和形状。     

铸件充型凝固过程数值模拟国内外研究进展

铸造过程计算机模拟仿真是学科发展的前沿领域,是改造传统铸造产业的必由之路,是当今世界各国专家学者关注的热点。铸件充型凝固过程的数值模拟可以帮助工程技术人员优化工艺设计,缩短产品试制周期、降低生产成本、确保铸件质量,已成为铸造领域最热门的研究课题之一。目前,凝固过程的温度场数值模拟及缩孔缩松预测已应用于实际生产,在充型过程,应力分析、微观组织等方面的基础研究及实用化进程方面都取得了很大进展。     

充型过程的数值模拟技术

铸造充型过程的数值模拟技术是铸造领域的前沿技术。本文对充型过程数值模拟的发展过程、数学模型、计算方法以及自由表面的处理进行了介绍，并指出了当前研究中存在的问题。     

铝合金压铸件充型凝固过程及气体卷入的数值模拟

以复杂铝合金压铸件为对像,建立了三维模型及有限差分模型。通过数值模拟的方法对该铸件的充型过程、凝固过程及铸件的气体卷入情况进行模拟。通过对模拟结果的分析,预测了缺陷可能产生的区域,预测结果与实际情况吻合,并提出了相应的改进意见。     

国外铸件充型凝固过程数值模拟软件介绍

简要介绍了国外优秀的充型和凝固过程数值模拟软件的基本情况和产品特点，对国内相关软件的开发和国内厂家对模拟软件的选择有一定的启示作用。     

铸件充型数值模拟的研究进展

铸造过程计算机数值模拟技术是当今材料科学的重要前沿领域。本文从铸件充型数值模拟的发展过程、软件的开发状况、计算方法及验证方法等四个方面介绍了国内外铸件充型过程计算机数值模拟的概况。     

Numerical simulation for thermal flow filling process of casting

The solution algorithm （SOLA） method was used to solve the velocity and pressure field of the thermal flow filling process, and the volume of fluid （VOF） method for the flee surface problem. Since the ＂donor-acceptor＂ rule often results in the free interface vague, the explicit difference method was adopted, and a method describing the flee surface state at 0〈F〈 1 was proposed to deal with this problem. In order to raise the computation efficiency, such algorithms were investigated and invalidated as： 1） internal and external area separation simplification algorithm; 2） the reducing necessary search area method. With the improved algorithms, the filling processes of the valve cover castings with gravity cast and an up cylinder block casting with low-pressure cast were simulated, the simulation results are believable and the computation efficiency is greatly improved. The SOLA-VOF model and its difference method for thermal fluid flow filling process were introduced.     

连铸坯拉速对结晶器卷渣现象的影响

高拉速连铸具有高效、低成本的特点,是未来连铸的发展方向。以常规板坯结晶器为研究对象,采用大涡模拟方法对结晶器内的卷渣现象深入分析。结果表明,在连铸坯拉速较低的情况下,结晶器流场较为稳定,钢液冲击速度较小,上返流速度较小,界面波动幅度不大。在高拉速的情况下,钢液冲击速度增加,渣金界面速度及卷渣数量明显提高。通过界面最大速度分析,建立了一个临界卷渣速度的计算准则,发现不同拉速情况下的临界卷渣速度是不一样的,造成这种现象的原因在于卷渣机理的不同。本模型对控制常规板坯高拉速连铸生产具有一定指导意义。     

微尺度铸件充型过程的数值模拟

修正了传统Navier-Stoke方程,并利用该方程和Fluent软件对Zn-4Al合金充填微齿轮铸件的充型过程进行数值模拟.结果表明:在运动惯性的作用下,Zn-4Al合金在进入微齿轮型腔后途径齿轮盘部位时,合金并未横向扩展,而是保持入射状态首先填充对面的齿轮轴,撞击型腔壁后,产生二次压头,然后再向齿轮外围的各齿部位反充;型腔内气体被高速运动的金属液搅拌和切割,形成许多微气泡,然后被带入主流区,从排气道排除.     

Numerical simulation and analysis of mould filling process in lost foam casting

In lost foam casting （LFC） the foam pattern is the key criterion, and the filling process is crucial to ensure the high quality of the foam pattern. Filling which lacks uniformity and denseness will cause various defects and affect the surface quality of the casting. The influential factors of the filling process are realized in this research. Optimization of the filling process, enhancement of efficiency, decrease of waste, etc., are obtained by the numerical simulation of the filling process using a computer. The equations governing the dense gas-solid two-phase flow are established, and the physical significance of each equation is discussed. The Euler/Lagrange numerical model is used to simulate the fluid dynamic characteristics of the dense two-phase flow during the mould filling process in lost foam casting. The experiments and numerical results showed that this method can be a very promising tool in the mould filling simulation of beads＇ movement.     

Computer simulation for centrifugal mold filling of precision titanium castings

Computer simulation codes were developed based on a proposed mathematical model for centrifugal mold filling processes and previous computer software for 3D mold filling and solidification of castings (CASM-3D for Windows). Sample simulations were implemented for mold filling processes of precision titanium castings under gravity and different centrifugal casting techniques. The computation results show that the alloy melt has a much stronger mold filling ability for thin section castings under a centrifugal force field than that only under the gravity. A "return back" mold filling manner is showed to be a reasonable technique for centrifugal casting processes, especially for thin section precision castings.     

Simulation and prediction of flow patterns in mold filling

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Analysis of filling process of Ti6Al4V alloy melt poured in permanent mold during centrifugal casting process

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Mensuration and simulation of mold filling process in semi-solid die-cast of aluminum alloy

To understand the flow trace of semi-solid slurry in mold cavity, some thermocouples were inserted in mold cavity, and the reaction timing of thermocouples showed the arrival of fluid. The filling time and rate were estimated by comparison between the experiment and calculation. The introduction of computer simulation technique based on ADSTEFAN was to predict injectionforming process and to prevent defects during trial manufacture of various parts. By comparing the formed appearance of parts in experiment and in simulation, and observing the relationship between internal defects inspected by X-ray or microscope and the flow field obtained in simulation, it was indicated that both have quite good agreement in simulation and experiment. Right predictions for cast defects resulted from mold filling can be carried out and proper direction was also proposed. The realization of numerical visualization for filling process during semi-solid die-cast process will play an important role in optimizing technology plan.     

Simulation of mold filling and solidification during centrifugal precision casting of Ti−6Al−4V alloy

A two-dimensional simulation model for melt flow and solidification in centrifugal precision casting has been developed based on experimental results on melt flow in a precision casting tree for Ti-6A1-4V alloy castparts. The amount of liquid alloy is intentionally adjusted to be less than that required for complete filling and is poured under a centrifugal force. The melt flows into mold cavities keeping contact with the vertical inside walls of the cavity in the anti-rotation side, and solidifies directionally by accumulating a solidified layer from the far end of the cavity to the gate according to the gradient of centrifugal force. The model reproduces melt flow observed in casting trials and directional solidification during centrifugal casting. In addition, it has been confirmed that the centrifugal force imposed on the melt enhances removal of defects caused by entrapment of gas bubbles or by solidification shrinkage and improves mechanical properties of the castparts. Formerly Graduate School of Iron and Steel Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology San 31 Hyoja-dong, Namku, Pohang 790-784, Korea