ISDN: a snapshot

A snapshot of the present status of ISDN (integrated services digital network) is presented in terms of standardization efforts, field trials and demonstrations, implementations and services, and equipment and devices. A review of opinions and controversies as well as future trends is also given. The authors emphasize the importance of the worldwide standardization effort and discuss the organizations that are responsible for establishing such standards. It is pointed out that, with the limitation and inflexibility of the narrowband ISDN and the broadband ISDN, issues for higher-rate services have become prominent. For broadband services, the problem is not merely increasing the speed of the operation. It affects the compatibility of switching technology, the workability of the local loop arrangement, the availability of rate adaption, and the efficiency of bandwidth utilization. Although some basic principles of narrowband ISDN can be carried to broadband ISDN, the technology is quite different. For example, the interconnection and transmission problems of video, HDTV, (high-definition television), and high-speed data are different from those of voice. Thus, the standard 64-kb/s B channel itself, the fundamental rate of ISDN transmission, appears inadequate for wideband services. At present, the solution is to establish the multiples of 64 kb/s for accommodation of broadband or higher rates     

Broadband communication and its realization with broadband ISDN

In addition to narrowband services, future broadband networks will also include broadband services for applications like: high-speed communication of data, text and graphics person-to-person video communication, access to video information as well as broadcast of programs and data. Low terminal costs and service charges are essential with respect to a growing demand for new services, especially in the home. Broadband ISDN, to be developed on the basis of ISDN and using glass-fiber subscriber lines, will enable a wide range of applications satisfying the needs and requirements of the business and private sectors. The best technical solution from the aspect of user-friendliness and economy is to implement this broadband ISDN for all services with an evolutionary and flexible design. The broadband ISDN concept is not restricted to the public network and terminal equipment but also comprises private networks, information and program centers, etc. Many countries are pursuing the goal of this universal network for the future "information society". However, the approaches for setting up the broadband ISDN differ from country to country, depending on the particular technical and political situation. Standardization plays an important role with regard to "open broadband telecommunication", the worldwide trouble-free communication and information exchange of one party with any other.     

ISDN reaches the market

The integrated-services digital network, for 10 years seen only in limited installations, is branching out around the world. The author describes how telephone carriers are now starting to report a big boost in ISDN installations. He details how the surge is the result of an increasing appetite for bandwidth, a broadening suite of ISDN-enabled applications, wider availability of the network's services, and better prices for service and equipment     

实用化ISDN（2B＋D）第一类用户／网络终端设备（NT1）简介

本文从特性、功能、实现、结构和使用等方面简要介绍了实用化ＩＳＤＮ（２Ｂ＋Ｄ）第一类用户／网络终端设备（ＮＴ１），有助于增进对该设备在ＩＳＤＮ网中运用的了解。     

ISDN user-network interface management protocol

The author discusses an ISDN user-network interface management protocol. The protocol enables users to manage network services, operation (such as network reconfiguration and routing change), and maintenance. That the user equipment should be looked at from both user-of-service and manager-of-service perspectives is emphasized in a discussion of the relation of the user equipment to the Telecommunication Management Network (TMN). The current status of the ISDN UNI management protocol architecture studies in CCITT is reviewed, and problems specific to the ISDN environment are identified. The need to strengthen the convergence function to solve ISDN-specific problems is stressed. Examples of ISDN UNI management protocol applications are given     

ISDN: a customer perspective

Early projected benefits of the integrated services digital network (ISDN) are evaluated from a customer premises equipment (CPE) perspective. It is argued that economic conditions continue to affect ISDN investment in the USA. Worldwide customer acceptance of ISDN is contrasted with earlier projections and shown to be running at about 25% of earlier projections. IBM's current ISDN product set is discussed briefly. Even though the rollout of services has not yet achieved expectations, IBM believes the potential for ISDN use by customers is significant     

ISDN在接入INTERNET中的应用

讨论了ISDN在高速接入INTERNET中的应用及实现，与现有的MODEM和专线连接方法作了比较，并介绍了相应的ISDN接入INTERNET设备。     

Technology 1991: telecommunications

Noteworthy trends and occurrences in telecommunication during 1990 are examined. half a dozen countries deregulated their telephone companies to admit competition in the hopes of accelerating technological development. One of the leading technologies to take off was mobile communications, particularly services based on digital transmission. A worldwide standard for the broadband integrated-services digital network (ISDN) was finally accepted, allowing worldwide compatibility for the emerging fiber-optics-based broadband ISDN systems. Meanwhile, narrowband ISDN crossed international borders for the first time, offering transoceanic service. In optical-fiber transmission, the most promising development was erbium-doped optical amplifiers, which are cheaper and simpler for long-distance communications, especially if many signals are to be multiplexed onto one fiber. In addition, investigators demonstrated a simple processor entirely based on optical logic elements and parallel optical connections through free space, which may be another significant step toward an optical computer     

Role of ISDN signaling for a satellite system with on-boardprocessing

The onboard processing (OBP) system, as currently being developed by the European Space Agency, ensures full satellite/ISDN compatibility for worldwide ISDN service operation. The authors present various arguments for opting for the international standard ISDN signaling scheme, propose several alternatives for effective interworking between different applications supported by the OBP system, and address an efficient method to transport DSS1 through the satellite system and to meet CCITT delay performance objectives for end-to-end connections     

ISDN技术及中波广播自动播控系统

主要介绍ISDN技术起源、发展、特点、接口方式及终端设备 ,并与其它一些上网方式比较。还提出用ISDN技术解决局域网互连和上INTERNET的方案。以及ISDN技术在中波广播自动播控系统的应用     

ISDN: from custom to commodity service

With a toehold in specialized applications, ISDN is poised for takeoff as the all-digital telephony service affordable by everyone. ISDN has been on the worldwide telecommunications agenda for the last decade and is one of the most important junctions of the Information Superhighway. Despite early satire of the network as the Interface Subscribers Don't Need, operators have diligently brought it to market as an outstanding telephony service capable of revolutionizing users' lives. The ISDN options added by vendors to their product lines are costly because of low installed volume. And high tariffs deter many users who could get ISDN services in their area, however much they appreciate all its technical goodies. Still, from a technological point of view, ISDN is well prepared for mass-market deployment in commodity applications. It needs only a further push by operators (lower tariffs, better geographical coverage) to become in reality the Interface all Subscribers Definitely Need     

ISDN的演变及N－ISDN用户－网络接口

本文从通信网的发展、社会需求及技术保证的角度阐述了从现有通信网到综合业务数字网的演变过程；对利用现有用户线实现窄带ＩＳＤＮ进行了讨论；进而对实现窄带ＩＳＤＮ的关键技术之一的ＩＳＤＮ用户－网络接口结构作了较为详细的介绍。     

Multi-rate ISDN

Multi-rate integrated services digital network (ISDN) is a new technology for providing dialed-up, circuit-switched, isochronous communications for bandwidths from 128 kb/s to 1.536 Mb/s (DS-1) or 1.920 Mb/s (CEPT-1). Multi-rate ISDN provides a simple way to extend ISDN network services to match the higher bandwidth requirements emerging for videoconferencing, multimedia, imaging, and other high-speed applications. Using this technology, network service providers can offer high-speed connectivity within the boundaries and benefits of existing, circuit-switched, central office and transmission equipment. Only minor changes are required in the operations administration and maintenance and provisioning (OAM&P) procedures associated with multi-rate ISDN, versus existing ISDN transmission and central office maintenance procedures     

ISDN in France-1987 to 1990: from the first commercial offering tonational coverage of NUMERIS

NUMERIS, the commercial integrated services digital network (ISDN) in France, is discussed. National coverage was completed in 1990. NUMERIS specifications, network components, and customer premises equipment are described. Operational experience with NUMERIS, including equipment conformance testing and ISDN implementation, is examined. Applications development and the use of partnership ventures (usually involving a user, a service provider, and France Telecom) are discussed     

ISDN in North America

The North American ISDN Users' Forum (NIUF), intended to bring together the communities involved in shaping a market-driven competitive ISDN, is discussed. These communities include users, service providers, network equipment manufacturers, customer premises-equipment (CPE) manufacturers, and applications software developers. The role of the NIUF in the product development cycle, NIUF activities, and other important ISDN activities that complement the NIUF work are described. The beginning deployment of a national ISDN and a major demonstration of ISDN capability within North America are also discussed. It is argued that the budding cooperation between the NIUF, the standards bodies, the Corporation for Open Systems (COSs), and Bellcore suggests that migration toward a single set of well-defined specifications is underway     

ISDN终端专用无线远传设备设计及实现

传统综合业务数字网（ISDN）终端与交换设备之间主要使用有线连接,周围环境以及传输距离都会影响其灵活性。针对此问题,在详细剖析了ISDN基本速率接口、ISDN接口专用芯片、总体设计方案和软件实现过程的基础上,设计并实现了一种专用无线远传设备,实现终端的无线引接功能。实际应用结果表明,设备性能稳定可靠,不仅提高了终端的便携性,而且增强了其环境适应性。     

Bell Canada ISDN Trial Plans

After years of work by the CCITT and other standards bodies, the ISDN concept has reached the stage where manufacturers are announcing the availability of ISDN network and terminal products. Bell Canada has responded to this development by planning an extensive ISDN trial program, including access-loop verification, switch hardware and software verification, and, finally, customer market trials. This trial program will permit Bell Canada to refine the technology and services to best meet customer needs. The trial program is only the most recent manifestation of the evolution towards ISDN through digital network modernization. An early move towards digital technology within Bell has already paid substantial dividends in terms of new services and revenues. These services, and the emerging ISDN-based service opportunities, are highlighted in this paper.     

CCITT Recommendations on the ISDN: A Review

This paper gives a brief overview of the I-Series of Recommendations on the integrated services digital network (ISDN) developed by the International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee (CCITT). This set of Recommendations is printed in the CCITT "Red Book." The I-Series Recommendations represent the first major step towards worldwide harmonization of the fast-growing digital network capabilities in support of multiservice (voice, data, and image) user applications. Over 25 different Recommendations set up standard guidelines and features for service capability, network architecture, and user-network interfaces in the ISDN.     

用UUS实现ISDN短消息业务

论迷了在ＩＳＤＮ上利用补充业务ＵＵ Ｓ实现短消息服务的方法,重点介绍了实现该服务的终端设备ＩＢＯＸ。