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《化学工业与工程技术》2017,(3):73-76
随着我国各大油田陆续进入开发后期,可供开采的常规油气藏资源越来越少,提高采收率的研究越来越受到重视。气体泡沫驱作为一种有效提高采收率的方式,广泛应用于我国各大油田,在现场应用中发挥了堵塞缝隙、降低出水率、提高采收率的作用。介绍了氮气泡沫驱、二氧化碳泡沫驱、空气泡沫驱在国内外的最新研究进展和现场应用情况,对3种泡沫驱进行了比较;讨论了表面活性剂作为发泡剂对提高油藏采收率的作用和影响。分析了3种泡沫驱油方式的优缺点和适应性,并对未来发展提出建议,认为我国的泡沫驱油技术还未成熟,要针对气体-泡沫注入方式以及注入时机等进行更深层次的研究,同时还要研发发泡剂和稳泡剂的配方,降低成本。 相似文献
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介绍了近年来低张力泡沫驱油体系的研究进展。针对国内不同油田研制出界面张力达到10~(-2)~10~(-3)mN/m的低张力泡沫驱油体系。通过岩心驱油实验表明,低张力泡沫驱油体系对水驱或聚合物驱后提高石油采收率有显著的效果。同时,对今后低张力泡沫驱油体系的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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通过室内静态试验和物理模拟实验,研究了空气泡沫/表面活性剂复合驱的适应性,筛选了适合目标油藏条件的具有超低油水界面张力的表活剂。考察了复合驱起泡性能、油水界面张力、热稳定性等。比较了表活剂驱、空气泡沫驱和空气泡沫/表活剂复合驱驱油效果,优选了空气泡沫/表活剂复合驱的注入参数。实验表明,空气泡沫/表活剂复合驱提高采收率幅度高于单一表面活性剂驱和空气泡沫驱。矿场试验结果表明,复合驱发挥了空气泡沫的扩大波及体积和表活剂驱的提高洗油效率的作用,试验区块开发状态得到改善,区块递减明显减小,增油效果明显。 相似文献
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微乳液驱和泡沫驱是强化采油领域中的两个重要技术。前者利用表面活性剂形成油-水微乳液提高增溶能力,降低油水界面张力和毛细管阻力,从而提高驱替效率和微观采收率;后者利用泡沫剂将气体稳定地分散在水相中,在油藏孔隙中形成泡沫,封堵优势通道和已驱替区域,从而扩大波及体积并提高宏观采收率。通过综述两个技术的国内外发展历史和研究进展,阐明了其优势和局限性。近年来提出的微乳液泡沫驱油技术,又称为低张力泡沫驱,其既可以保留两个独立技术的优势,又可以克服他们的缺点,最终同时提高微观和宏观采收率。但是在实际研究中,微乳液泡沫驱技术却面临理论和应用上的双重挑战。通过调查国内外相关研究进展,详细阐述了微乳液泡沫驱技术目前面临的挑战、研发思路和研究建议。 相似文献
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三次采油化学驱油技术发展现状 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
三次采油是油田开发技术上的一次飞跃,与二次采油相比,它借助物理和化学的双重作用,提高驱油的波及体积和效率。经过近20年的研究和实践,中国的化学驱在技术、规模、效果等方面均已走在世界前列。近30个矿场的表明,聚合物驱可提高采收率10%,复合驱可提高采收率15%~20%。1997年,中国聚合物驱增油量达303×104t,"九五"期间增油1500×104t。中国的油田多为陆相沉积和陆相生油,预测二次采油的平均采收率为34.2%,近百亿吨储量留在地下。这一条件为中国的三次采油提供了巨大潜力。今后,中国的三次采油要在驱油机理、深化对油藏的认识、降低驱油剂成本和用量、先期深度调剖、提高工程的整体经济效益等诸方面加强研究,最大限度地提高采收率和经济效益。 相似文献
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CO2混相驱替可以提高原油采收率,因此近年来得到研究者们的广泛关注。使用高温高压驱替设备,利用超临界CO2流体、超临界CO2泡沫及N2泡沫作为驱替介质,对油水饱和孔隙介质中的油相驱替特性开展了比较实验研究。通过对驱替过程沿程压力及对驱替增采油量的测量,对不同驱替手段在孔隙介质内的油相增采特性进行深入研究和探讨。研究发现在温度为50℃、压力为13 MPa时,超临界CO2流体对多孔介质内的油相驱替效果有显著提升,当压力进一步升高到23 MPa时,油相增采效果不明显。说明在本实验条件下超临界CO2流体与油相在50℃、13 MPa时可达到混相驱替状态;而采用超临界CO2泡沫及N2泡沫注入工艺未能进一步提高出油量。沿程压差测量结果则显示,与N2泡沫相比,超临界CO2泡沫在多孔介质试样内的驱替压差较小,起泡性能较差。实验结果对于筛选及评价超临界CO2驱油工艺具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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原油对水相泡沫稳定作用机理研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了评述原油对水相泡沫稳定性的影响机理,分别介绍了原油在水相泡沫中的存在状态,原油对泡沫的稳定或破坏机理。原油对泡沫的稳定性有着显著影响,稳泡或消泡也极大程度上决定了石油与天然气开采作业中,诸如泡沫驱油、泡沫堵水、堵气、泡沫排液、泡沫压裂等作业效率。重点阐述了假乳液膜对泡沫稳定性的影响机理,总结出原油在水相泡沫体系中以溶解油或乳化油两种状态存在。原油溶解于水相胶束中(溶解油)可降低泡沫的稳定性。大多原油在水相泡沫中以乳化油滴形式存在,油滴与气泡之间被假乳液膜隔开,假乳液膜决定了泡沫体系的稳定性。假乳液膜稳定性好能促进三相泡沫的稳定性;而假乳液膜稳定性差就加剧了三相泡沫地破裂。通过评述指出了原油与水相泡沫相互作用研究领域今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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In foam flooding, foams stabilized by conventional surfactants are usually unstable in contacting with crude oil, which behaves as a strong defoaming agent. In this article, synergistic effects between different surfactants were utilized to improve foam stability against crude oil. Targeted to reservoir conditions of Daqing crude oil field, China (45 °C, salinity of 6778 mg L−1, pH = 8–9), foams stabilized by typical anionic surfactants fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) show low composite foam index (200–500 L s) and low oil tolerance index (0.1–0.2). However, the foam stability can be significantly improved by mixing the anionic surfactant with a sulfobetaine surfactant, which behaves as a foam stabilizer increasing the half-life of foams, and those with longer alkyl chain behave better. As an example, by mixing AES and SDS with hexadecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (C16HSB) at a molar fraction of 0.2 (referring to total surfactant, not including water), the maximum composite foaming index and oil tolerance index can be increased to 3000/5000 L s and 1.0/4.0, respectively, at a total concentration between 3 and 5 mM. The attractive interaction between the different surfactants in a mixed monolayer as reflected by the negative βs parameter is responsible for the enhancement of the foam stabilization, which resulted in lower interfacial tensions and therefore negative enter (E), spreading (S), and bridging (B) coefficients of the oil. The oil is then emulsified as tiny droplets dispersed in lamellae, giving very stable pseudoemulsion films inhibiting rupture of the bubble films. This made it possible to utilize typical conventional anionic surfactants as foaming agents in foam flooding. 相似文献
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低渗透油气藏在世界范围内分布范围广,储量大,在新探明储量中占得比例越来越大,是全球油气资源增产的主要来源,合理高效的开发低渗透油藏中的油气资源,是未来面临的主要问题。泡沫驱油作为继水驱、气驱之后新的驱油方式,结合了气体和泡沫的优点,以独特的优势越来越得到人们的重视,是低渗透油藏提高采收率的又一个重要途径。分析了泡沫驱相对于其他驱油方式的优势,概述了泡沫驱油的驱油机理,简要分析了空气泡沫驱、氮气泡沫驱各自特点,对泡沫驱油在国内外油田的应用现状做了介绍。对泡沫驱油存在的问题做了阐述,并提出了泡沫驱油的发展方向。 相似文献
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Crude oil properties significantly affect foam behavior that is important to foam application in enhanced oil recovery. This study focused on the comparison on foam behavior in the presence of light oil and heavy oil. Foamability and foam stability, the bubble size, and the film thickness as well as the configuration of oil drops were fully investigated. Final results indicated that both the heavy oil and light oil increased the foamability of sodium dodecyl sulfate but decreased that of the amphoteric surfactant imidazoline. The positive effect of both light oil and heavy oil on foam stability was reconfirmed. However, heavy oil was more favorable to foam stability. The light oil may shorten the foam half‐life but prolong the foam drainage half‐life. The heavy oil was more effective in reducing the foam size and increasing the foam uniformity compared with light oil. According to the micrograph of foam, light oil was emulsified into quite small oil droplets, filling the plateau borders and lamellas. The heavy oil, in the form of far larger oil droplets, was mainly distributed in plateau borders only. The larger oil droplets resulted in the more stable foam, which was verified. Moreover, light oil (oil B) performed well in thickening the foam film, as did the heavy oil (oil A). But for the lightest oil (oil C), a thinning effect on the film was detected. 相似文献