Barrage Developments in the Welsh Region: The Role of the National Rivers Authority in Protecting the Aquatic Environment

During recent years, barrages and marina developments have increasingly been viewed as a means of improving the aesthetic and recreational qualities of degraded urban areas, thereby encouraging inward investment. However, barrage schemes can have major implications for the National Rivers Authority's statutory responsibility for flood defence, fisheries, recreation, water quality and conservation.
The experiences gained by the National Rivers Authority's Welsh Region in its negotiations with promoters of the Tawe, Cardiff Bay and Usk barrages are presented. The paper describes the environmental safeguards secured for the Tawe barrage, together with some initial assessments of its impact on the aquatic environment following its completion in 1992. The experience gained with the Tawe barrage has contributed to a more rigorous approach being applied by the National Rivers Authority to the Cardiff Bay and Usk schemes.     

Conservation rates: the best 'new' source of urban water during drought

In the United States, water conservation-oriented rates (WCOR) are an increasingly vital tool for promoting water conservation and mitigating urban drought. Our models prove that one type of WCOR, drought demand rates (DDR), can produce with minimal regulation the quadruple objectives of conservation rates: (1) improving efficiency; (2) providing revenue neutrality; (3) assuring distributional equity and (4) guaranteeing the conservation of water. We demonstrate that such rates can also reduce days that urban streams drop below 'critical flow' levels, providing a voice for nature. Our study is situated in northern New Castle County (NCC), Delaware (DE), USA, and the lessons garnered have relevance for industrialized communities seeking a 'soft-path' to drought mitigation.     

三峡库区网箱养鱼对周围水质的影响

以朱衣河二道河湾回水区网箱养鱼水质的现场监测结果为基础,采用综合营养状态指数法对网箱养鱼水域的现状进行了营养状态评价,并用污染物浓度等值线法进行了网箱养鱼对周围水质的影响分析.结果表明:网箱养鱼及其影响区的水体综合营养状态均为轻度富营养,水质污染程度为轻度污染,其综合营养状态变化总趋势为网箱养鱼区大于网箱影响区;网箱养鱼影响区的Chla浓度明显高于网箱核心区,其余污染物浓度的平面分布总趋势是由网箱核心区向网箱影响区由高向低变化;若以超河流背景断面浓度5%作为划定超背景污染带的标准,则朱衣河二道河湾网箱养鱼引起CODMnNH3-N、TN、TP和Chla超背景的污染面积分别为35 000、22 500、23 760、54 000和16 000 m3,分别是网箱养鱼区面积(3 900 m2)的9、5.8、6.1、13.8和4.1倍.     

浅析上海水资源状况(上)

上海水资源量来自当地径流、可开采地下水、过境水3个方面,对其水量在时间、空间的分布情况作了详尽介绍,并从骨干河道和湖泊、太湖流域、黄浦江及上游支流、长江河口水等方面分析了上海水质,进而得出上海是个水资源丰沛的城市、有待我们去保护、综合开发和利用水资源的论点.     

山东省徒骇河水污染分析及防治措施

针对徒骇河水污染问题,提出对徒骇河水资源进行污染治理,水闸防污,建立定时排放制度等具体保护措施,从而确保农业灌溉用水和生活用水质量,促进国民经济健康发展。     

武夷山九曲溪水资源

本文在分析流域中森林水文作用的基础上,从整个流域分析九曲溪在洪水期的水量骤增与枯水期水量骤减的主要原因,以区域可持续发展理论为指导,提出九曲溪水资源保护的有效措施。     

基于水系沉积物的土壤环境预测模型——以青海省东部地区为例

近年来土壤环境质量调查工作在全国范围内逐步开展,青海省内工作不足10％,为了结合青海省\"大资源、大地质、大生态、大数据\"的格局,利用已有水系沉积物测量数据对土壤环境进行有效预警,通过土地质量地球化学评价方法建立土壤环境高背景识别体系,进而有针对性的开展土壤环境调查意义十分重大.通过对青海省东部地区已开展的水系沉积物测量...     

基于栖息地的城市湿地公园生物多样性特征与指标研究

城市湿地公园具有与湿地类似的生态功能和典型特征,对城市地区的生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文对不同地区的城市湿地公园进行研究,包括不同气候类型、使用年份和面积大小等不同方面,并对野生动物栖息地特别是鸟类栖息地进行了数据统计和分类分析。通过文献研究、数据统计和比较分析,探索城市湿地公园生物多样性保护指标体系的基本组成及其相关性。本文写作目的是建立适当的城市湿地公园栖息地评估标准,支持生态中国建设。     

A pilot study of the efficacy of residuum lodges for managing sediment delivery to impoundment reservoirs

Residuum lodges comprise small dams constructed on feeder streams immediately before they enter a reservoir, behind which ponds form, where sediment is deposited. Despite their construction on many impoundment reservoirs (IRE) and catchwaters, little research has previously investigated their efficacy at removing sediments from feeder streams. The current pilot study has, therefore, been carried out at an IRE supplying Halifax, West Yorkshire, UK, where a residuum lodge was recently cleaned out. Sediment concentrations reaching the reservoir were reduced by up to 42% although no certain impacts were noted on the other water quality variables that were measured. Moreover, it was found that the clearance operation did not result in the release of excessive quantities of sediment into the reservoir. It was estimated that the cleared residuum lodge would take 12 years to refill. A survey of other residuum lodges in the Yorkshire region showed there to be considerable differences in their remaining capacities.     

岩溶峰丛山区地下河系发育特征及综合开发利用典型研究

贵州省长岗地下河系由主流和9条支流组成，被隔水边界封闭，结构完整，地下岩溶管道深切而狭窄，有跌水和深槽，地下水深埋，水力坡度大，动态极不稳定，是峰丛山区地下河的典型。地下河系内地表水与地下水统一于一体，水资源十分丰富，地下河出口水头落差大，具有良好的水力发电条件，修建地表水和地下水联合水库，使岩溶水得到充分利用。     

青草沙水域水质变化特征及对上海供水安全的影响

于2005年11月和2006年2月对长江口青草沙水库规划区及周边水域开展了两次大规模的水文水质调查.结果表明,青草沙水库规划区主要水质因子浓度基本能够满足<地表水环境质量标准>(GB 3838-2002)的Ⅱ类标准;但由于径流量变化、盐水入侵等因素的影响,部分水质因子浓度在枯水期偏高,成为影响水库水质的潜在因素;青草沙水库规划区上游水质明显优于下游,在同一断面上南港水质比北港更易受陆源排放物的影响;建成后的青草沙水库与黄浦江上游水源地、陈行水库一起组成原水输配网络,能够为上海市饮用水的安全提供保障.     

北京第二绿化隔离地区以鸟类为主的城市生物多样性保护规划途径

城市生物多样性是全球生物多样性的重要组成部分,是评价城市自然系统健康与否的重要指标之一,是维护城市的生态安全和生态平衡、改善城市人居环境的重要支撑。但快速城镇化发展会对城市生物多样性造成巨大冲击。针对作为首都城乡交界区域的第二绿化隔离地区探讨城市生物多样性保护与提升,具有极为重要的现实意义。鸟类因其广布性、环境敏感性和易观测等特征,是研究城市生物多样性的重要指示类群。从综合现状本底调查与保护价值分析入手,通过GIS平台与InVEST模型,综合理论层面模拟结果与鸟类实际观测数据,对研究区域进行生物多样性评估,发现其拥有较好的生态本底,其中鸟类资源尤为丰富,但受到人为干扰较大,生境呈现孤岛化和破碎化的特征。根据评价结果,提出构建“分级、分区、连网”的生物多样性保护规划体系,从“核心保护”“提质增绿”“网络连通”3个方面具体落实保护规划内容,旨在为城市生物多样性保护规划体系的构建提供参考。     

浅谈南水北调工程建设过程中的环境保护和水土保持

南水北调工程属于线性工程,施工环境复杂,环境保护和水土保持工作采取施工单位具体实施、监理单位进行监督、建管单位检查验收的管理模式,并介绍了具体实施措施。     

熵权理论在我国六省水污染损害评估中的应用

基于熵权理论，依据2000年辽、黑、冀、晋、鲁、豫六省工业废水排放及处理情况的资料，提出了工业废水中的污染物评估模型，并进行了评估和分析。该模型的评估结果能客观地反映水体的污染情况并为决策者提供参考。     

集对分析及在地下水环境质量评价中的应用

集对分析是处理不确定性问题的新的系统理论方法 ,本文利用该理论 ,以水质为主要评价因子 ,提出了地下水环境质量评价新方法。     

汾河水库及其上游水质污染现状分析

通过样品采集,分析了汾河水库及其上游水体中的部分地表水环境质量标准基本项目和集中式生活饮用水地表水源地补充项目等重要污染指标,结果显示:汾河水库上游支流涧河、岚河、汾河均属于劣Ⅴ类水质,主要超标污染物有氨氮、总磷、总氮、化学需氧量等。     

A better water quality indexing system for rivers and streams

The development of a better system for indexing water quality and its application to four water use classes are described. There are three dominant use classes: bathing, water supply, and fish spawning, and one general use class. In all of them protection of aquatic life is included. To ensure that the index score tells us something useful and does not hide important information as current indexes (or indices) tend to do, the water quality variable giving the lowest score (i.e. the minimum operator) has been employed to produce the final index score. Preliminary indications are that this is a more useful aggregation method than the more commonly used additive, and multiplicative techniques. Index development has been linked to recommended water quality standards developed for New Zealand water legislation. The indexes are intended to assist in the dissemination of water quality information, particularly to lay-people.     

关角隧道施工涌水对居民饮用水源的影响分析

分析了关角隧道施工涌水对居民饮用水源的影响,分析结果表明,关角隧道主洞穿越和斜井开挖不同含水层的影响半径小于切格日曲地表水源头与隧道主洞的最小垂直距离,隧道施工不会对切格日曲基流量产生影响。