SiC(CVD)/Al复合材料界面剪切强度的测试

本文利用声发射技术,成功地测出 SiC(CVD)单纤维增强 Al 基复合材料在拉伸过程中纤维的平均断裂长度,并由萃取纤维的方法加以验证。再用微观力学模型,计算出纤维与基体之间的界面剪切强度。     

SiC（CVD）／Al复合材料界面剪切强度的测试

本文利用声发射技术，成功地测出ＳｉＣ（ＣＶＤ）单纤维增强Ａｌ基复合材料在拉伸过程中纤维的平均断裂长度，并由萃取纤维的方法加以验证。再用微观力学模型，计算出纤维与基体之间的界面剪切强度。     

SiC纤维／LCMAS微晶玻璃基复合材料的界面结合和力学性能

本工作通过在母体玻璃中引入ＭｇＯ后进行热处理得到一系列具有不同热膨胀系数的微晶玻璃．ＳｉＣ纤维／ＬＣＭＡＳ微晶玻璃基复合材料在烧结条件下，在纤维和基体间形成一厚度约为２μｍ的界面层．纤维、基体间的界面剪切应力通过单根纤维压出法测试，发现纤维、基体间的界面剪切强度对复合材料的力学性能有严重的影响，并且ＳｉＣ纤维／ＬＣＭＡＳ系微晶玻璃基复合材料具有较高的界面剪切强度，通过降低基体的热膨胀系数减弱界面剪切强度，可使复合材料的强度和断裂韧性都得到明显的改善．     

碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度及微观结构

研究了碳纳米管纤维的微观结构和拉伸性能,并进一步分析了其与环氧树脂形成界面剪切强度及微观结构。采用单丝断裂试验测试了碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料体系的界面剪切强度,结合单丝断裂过程中的偏光显微镜照片、复合材料的拉曼谱图和断口扫描电镜照片,研究了碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面的微观结构。结果表明: 碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度约为14 MPa;在碳纳米管纤维和环氧树脂形成界面的过程中,环氧树脂可以浸渍纤维,形成具有一定厚度的复合相,这种浸渍过程和界面相的形成都有利于碳纳米管纤维与基体之间的连接。     

高性能有机纤维单丝复合体系界面粘结性能实验研究

采用单丝复合体系多次断裂法,通过对纤维单丝断点数的统计及其断点形貌的分析,考察了PBO纤维、芳纶Twaron纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)3种高性能有机纤维与韧性环氧基体的界面剪切强度;并对比考察了界面剪切强度与对应复合材料单向板层间剪切强度之间的关系;结合XPS、SEM等手段分析了有机纤维表面物理化学特性对界面剪切强度的影响。结果表明,Twaron/环氧的界面剪切强度高于PBO/环氧,UHMWPE/环氧的界面粘结弱,该方法不能测试;上述体系界面剪切强度与对应的复合材料单向板层间剪切强度变化趋势是一致的;表面化学活性高的纤维对应的界面剪切强度高。     

树脂基复合材料界面剪切强度的测定

本文建立了一种界面剪切强度表征的新方法,对复合材料的单根纤维施加轴向压力,使其与周围树脂基体脱胶。通过有限元分析,得到界面剪切强度。这种方法适用于实际复合材料制件,克服了其它测试方法的不足,它不仅对于界面研究具有重大的理论价值,而且对复合材料制品检测,力学设计等方面都具有重要的实际意义。并可望用于测定金属基、陶瓷基复合材料的界面剪切强度。     

多向细编碳/碳复合材料界面力学性能测试与表征

本文用自制装置研究了多向细编C/C复合材料纤维束性能,分析了工艺过程的影响。同时用界面微脱粘实验技术研究了C/C复合材料界面性能,给出了相应的理论模型和界面应力分布,提出了由界面脱粘力,纤维、基体和复合材料性能表征界面剪切强度的方法,为C/C复合材料优化设计提供了定量参数。结果表明:织物结构、织物编织工艺以及织物/基体复合对纤维的强度影响很大,降为原始纤维的20%左右,对模量影响小。不同界面层次,纤维/基体的界面结合情况和界面剪切强度不同,Z向纤维束中纤维/基体结合好,具有最高的结合强度,SEM观察证实有大量基体碳在纤维上枝联。     

界面监测系统对复合材料界面最佳性能的评价

本文采用自行建立的纤维增强复合材料界面监测系统研究了纤维/树脂基体间的界面强度及其与复合材料力学性能的关系。结果表明,界面剪切强度是决定复合材料层间剪切强度与断裂韧性的一个关键的临界参数。     

多向细编碳／碳复合材料界面力学性能测试与表征

本文用自制装置研究了多向细编Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料纤维束性能，分析了工艺过程的影响。同时用界面微脱粘实验技术研究了Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料界面性能，给出了相应的理论模型和界面应力分布，提出了由界面脱粘力，纤维、基体和复合材料性能表征界面剪切强度的方法，为Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料优化设计提供了定量参数。结果表明：织物结构、织物编织工艺以及织物／基体复合对纤维的强度影响很大，降为原始纤维的２０％左右，对模量影响小。不同界面层次，纤维／基体的界面结合情况和界面剪切强度不同，Ｚ向纤维束中纤维／基体结合好，具有最高的结合强度，ＳＥＭ观察证实有大量基体碳在纤维上枝联。     

整体毡碳/碳复合材料的高温剪切性能研究

运用双槽口剪切试验方法测试了碳纤维增强碳基复合材料(C/C)在室温、700℃、1000℃、1400℃下的剪切强度,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了材料的原始组织形貌和断口微观形貌。结果表明:材料的剪切强度在一定范围内随温度的升高而增加,材料Z向的剪切强度优于XY向。通过SEM观察分析可知,材料XY向和Z向纤维的含量明显不同;室温下,C/C复合材料的破坏形式有纤维拔出及断裂,而高温下,失效形式主要为纤维的拔出、纤维/基体界面脱粘等。     

玻璃纤维复合材料中不同破坏类型的声发射特征

本文就七种不同类型玻璃纤维复合材料试样在拉伸过程中的声发射幅度分布特征作了分析比较,对几种基本破坏模式的声发射幅度分布进行了探讨.它们具有各自的特点,从而有可能对一些铺层类型的复合材料的损伤扩展过程进一步认识.      

Quantification of failure mechanisms in mode-I loading of fiber reinforced plastics utilizing acoustic emission analysis

Acoustic emission signals originating from interlaminar crack propagation in fiber reinforced composites were recorded during double cantilever beam testing. The acoustic emission signals detected during testing were analyzed by feature based pattern recognition techniques. In previous studies it was demonstrated that the presented approach for detection of distinct types of acoustic emission signals is suitable. The subsequent correlation of distinct acoustic emission signal types to microscopic failure mechanisms is based on two procedures. Firstly, the frequency of occurrence of the distinct signal types is correlated to different specimens’ fracture surface microstructure. Secondly, a comparison is made between experimental signals and signals resulting from finite element simulations based on a validated model for simulation of acoustic emission signals of typical failure mechanisms in fiber reinforced plastics. A distinction is made between fiber breakage, matrix cracking and interface failure. It is demonstrated, that the feature values extracted from simulated signals coincide well with those of experimental signals. As a result the applicability of the acoustic emission signal classification method for analysis of failure in carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced plastics under mode-I loading conditions has been demonstrated. The quantification of matrix cracking, interfacial failure and fiber breakage was evaluated by interpretation of the obtained distributions of acoustic emission signals types in terms of fracture mechanics. The accumulated acoustic emission signal amplitudes show strong correlation to the mechanical properties of the specimens. Moreover, the changes in contribution to the different failure types explain the observed variation in failure behavior of the individual specimens quantitatively.     

Effect of moisture absorption on the micromechanical behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy matrix composites

Carbon fiber/epoxy material in the form of a single fiber unidirectional composite was subjected to controlled humidity environments. Moisture uptake in polymer composites has significant effects on the mechanical properties of the matrix as well as on the final performance of the composite material. Diminishing of the mechanical properties of the matrix is attributed to a decrease of its glass transition temperature (T _g). The quality of the fiber–matrix interphase was assessed using the single fiber fragmentation test and the fiber-fragment length, considered as an indicator of interfacial quality. In order to measure the fiber fragment lengths and indentify failure mechanism at the interface optical observation and acoustic emission technique were used. The speed of propagation of an acoustic wave in the material was also determined. A comparison is made of interfacial shear strength values determined by acoustic emission and optical techniques. Excellent agreement between the two techniques was obtained. By means of a micromechanical model, it was possible to determine from the fragmentation lengths a measure of the interfacial shear strength between the fiber and the matrix. The role of moisture uptake swelling of the matrix on the residual stresses is considered to be important when considering the effect deterioration of interfacial shear properties. Both the contribution of the radial stresses and the mechanical component of fiber–matrix adhesion are seen to decrease rapidly for higher moisture contents in the matrix and/or interface.     

界面结构对SiCf／Al复合材料性能和声发射行为的影响

运用高分辨场发射扫描电镜（ＦＥ－ＳＥＭ）和声发射（ＡＥ）测试研究了ＳｉＣ纤维铝基复合材料的不同界面组成和界面产物及其对复合材料性能和ＡＥ行为的影响发现富碳自理的ＳｉＣｆ／Ａｌ生成Ａｌ４Ｃ３脆性界面,在伸过程中界面脆断产生许多中幅ＡＥ信号,而富ＳｉＯ２处理的ＳｉＣｆ／Ａｌ生成韧工较高的富氧产物,界面强度较高,在形变过程中不易发生界面断裂,不产生中幅ＡＥ信号。     

A study on the failure mechanisms of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates using acoustic emission

The complex failure mechanisms that are commonly considered as the distinctive characteristic of composites are being amenable to nondestructive test advance. This research adopts the acoustic emission technique to study the failure mechanisms and damage evolution of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates. Effects of different lay-up patterns and hole sizes on the acoustic emission response are studied to set up the mapping between the failure properties and the acoustic signal features such as the energy, counting and amplitude. Moreover, the microscopic properties of different composite specimens after fracture are watched and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the mapping conception, the controlling microscopic failure mechanisms of composites including the splitting matrix cracking, fiber/matrix interface debonding, fiber pull-out and breakage as well as delamination are identified. It is expected the influence of complex lay-up patterns and sizes on the damage and failure properties of composites is represented by creating true mapping based on the acoustic emission technique.     

An acoustic-emission characterization of the failure modes in polymer-composite materials

A new methodology for the analysis of failure modes in composite materials by means of acoustic emission techniques has been developed. A single-carbon-fiber composite based on a polyester matrix, has been used as a simple model. The occurrence of fiber-breakage during tensile loading tests has been observed by a polarized light microscope and concurrently detected by a resonant acoustic probe. The resonant probe has been used as a trigger for the reading of fiber failure events. Single acoustic emission events from a wide-band probe has been recorded for FFT Analysis. The single-fiber specimen, having a unique failure mode, has advantages for the standardization of AE techniques for the quantitative analysis of failures in polymer-composite materials.

The same procedure can be exploited to investigate other failure modes namely, fiber matrix solidus debonding and matrix cracking.     

Simulation of Acoustic Emission in Planar Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Specimens

The simulation of acoustic emission waveforms resulting from failure during mechanical loading of carbon fiber reinforced plastic structures is investigated using a finite element simulation approach. For this investigation we focus on the dominant failure mechanisms in fiber reinforced structures consisting of matrix cracking, fiber breakage and fiber-matrix interface failure. To simulate the failure process accurately, we present a new acoustic emission source model that is based on the microscopic source geometry and micromechanical properties of fiber and resin. We demonstrate that based on this microscopic source model these failure mechanisms result in excitation of macroscopic plate waves. The propagation of these plate waves is described using a macroscopic three-dimensional model geometry which includes contributions of reflections from the specimen boundaries. We further present a model of the acoustic emission sensors used in experiments to simulate the influence of aperture effects. To enhance the understanding of correlation between macroscopically detectable acoustic emission signals and microscopic failure mechanisms we simulate the response to different source excitation times, crack surface displacements and displacement directions. The results obtained show good agreement with fundamental assumptions about the crack process reported by various other authors. The simulated acoustic emission signals obtained are compared to experimentally measured waveforms during four-point bending experiments of carbon fiber reinforced plastic structures. The simulated signals of fiber-breakage, matrix-cracking and fiber-matrix interface failure show systematic agreement with the respective experimental signals.     

复合材料高压气瓶声发射检测研究

芳纶纤维缠绕气瓶水压及爆破过程声发射特性表明，费利西蒂比是评价气瓶内部损伤的重要参数，它直接影响爆破强度，高的幅度分布值是气瓶爆破的先兆。     

Effects of environmental degradation on near-fiber nanomechanical properties of carbon fiber epoxy composites

The fiber and matrix interphase is believed to control the fundamental load-transfer process and thereby bulk mechanical properties of composites. Carbon fiber reinforced composite properties have been qualitatively shown affected by moisture based degradation, however, quantitative characterization of the nanomechanical properties as a function of exposure time is still unknown. Here, quantitative measurement of the degraded epoxy matrix properties has been performed, taking advantage of the high scanning resolution of atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM). Composite samples were exposed to accelerated degradation and characterized using AFAM, showing a variation in elastic modulus of the matrix as a function of exposure.     

风电叶片复合材料拉伸损伤破坏声发射行为

通过风电叶片单向和多向复合材料拉伸力学性能实验, 结合声发射技术, 研究复合材料损伤演化特性及纤维预断缺陷对复合材料力学性能的影响。复合材料单向和加卸载拉伸实验时, 采用声发射实时监测整个损伤破坏过程, 获取复合材料试件的拉伸力学性能、 损伤破坏特征及相应的声发射响应特征。结果表明: 由于纤维预断缺陷的存在, 单向复合材料加载到约30％破坏载荷时, 缺陷位置及相邻区域的基体和界面开始出现明显损伤; 加载到约60％破坏载荷时, 含缺陷层和相邻的层出现明显的层间剪切破坏, 导致刚度的急剧缩减, 声发射撞击累积数明显高于无缺陷试件。含纤维预断多向复合材料加载到约60％破坏载荷时, 纤维预断处树脂基体出现明显损伤; 随相对应力水平的提高, 多向复合材料的Felicity比下降较为平缓。