基于滤噪微分器的四旋翼飞行器控制

在飞行器的控制中, 角速率反馈可以提高控制系统的动态特性, 但速率陀螺价格昂贵, 且随运行时间的增加其性能会不断下降. 对此本文提出了一种基于滤噪微分器的四旋翼飞行器滑模变结构控制律. 该控制律使用的反馈信号仅由角度传感器得到, 而无需角速率传感器. 控制律中的角速率信息由王新华等设计的有限时间收敛的微分器得到. 本文通过数学证明, 给出了当测量信号中含有噪声时该微分器的理论跟踪误差上界. 仿真以及对四旋翼飞行器滚转姿态的控制实验验证了微分器的抑制噪声作用和控制算法可行性.     

基于微分器与神经网络的PID控制算法研究

在工控系统微分器设计优化问题的研究中,由于在工业生产实践中,传统PID参数整定方法难以得到合理优化的PID参数,传统增量式PID控制存在抗干扰性较差、控制精度不高的问题.针对上述问题,提出了基于跟踪微分器与神经网络的PID控制算法.对跟踪微分器的原理进行了阐述,通过跟踪微分器实现位置信号滤波与速度信号求解;对增量式自适应PID控制算法进行了改进.在上述基础上,构建了基于微分跟踪器与神经网络的PID控制器.对控制算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,提出的控制算法具有抗扰动能力强、控制精度高等优点.     

基于PD-ADRC的四旋翼控制器设计

针对四旋翼无人机强耦合、非线性的控制难点,研究设计了一种基于自抗扰控制和比例微分控制的双闭环控制器。首先,分析了小型四旋翼飞行器动力学模型,确定四旋翼无人机的六自由度方程。然后,利用自抗扰控制技术对强耦合、非线性的姿态模型进行了解耦,设计扩张状态观测器对其总扰动进行观测与补偿。其次,设计比例微分控制器对解耦后的系统进行位置跟踪,从而与姿态控制器组成双闭环系统。最后,通过仿真及试飞实验测试系统性能。仿真和试飞结果表明该系统能够完成对控制指令的实时跟踪,并且对干扰具有极强的抑制力。     

四旋翼飞行器增稳混合控制器

针对四旋翼飞行器在不同环境下的飞行稳定性问题,提出反步法和模糊自适应比例积分微分(PID)方法的混合控制方法。该方法根据无人机(UAV)飞行环境和大倾角、大倾角变化率选择当前合适的控制器。在系统未受扰动时,基于Backstepping的控制方法能够完成飞行器的轨迹跟踪;在受扰动时,基于模糊自适应PID能够极大地抑制扰动带来的影响,实现对四旋翼飞行器的精确控制。通过Matlab仿真分析及实际飞行器实验,验证了增稳混合控制器的稳定性。     

基于虚拟样机技术倾转四旋翼飞行器联合仿真

为了解决倾转四旋翼飞行器的机械系统及控制系统的设计问题,首先在ADAMS软件中建立倾转四旋翼飞行器的虚拟样机机械模型,同时在MATLAB/Simulink环境中引入了跟踪微分器并建立了非线性串级PID控制系统模型,然后通过搭建共享的虚拟样机模型实现联合仿真,最终得到机械系统和控制系统优化后的设计方案.仿真结果表明:倾转四旋翼飞行器的姿态调整过程稳定,具有很好的动态响应特性,为今后旋翼倾转过程的理论分析打下了良好的基础.     

四旋翼飞行器带速度补偿的多回路PID位置跟踪控制

针对四旋翼飞行器的位置跟踪问题,采用ADAMS(automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical system)软件搭建了四旋翼飞行器的非线性数学模型,并将模型导入到Matlab中,采用多回路PID位置控制策略对飞行器的位置跟踪进行控制,并在此基础上提出采用速度PID进行补偿多回路PID的位置跟踪控制策略.仿真结果表明:所设计的速度PID对多回路PID的位置跟踪控制策略进行补偿,对于四旋翼飞行器位置控制具有响应速度快、超调小、鲁棒性强等特点;所采用的联合仿真方法效果直观.     

基于干扰观测器的四旋翼轨迹跟踪控制

针对四旋翼飞行器在外部气流扰动和内部模型参数摄动影响下的稳定轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于干扰观测器的动态面反演滑模控制算法.首先,在建立四旋翼飞行器模型的基础上,采用反演滑模控制设计轨迹跟踪控制律,保证所设计的控制器以指数收敛速率跟踪指令信号;然后,设计干扰观测器,在不改变原有控制器结构的基础上观测飞行器内部噪声扰...     

基于模糊不确定观测器的四旋翼飞行器自适应动态面轨迹跟踪控制

针对具有未知外界扰动和系统不确定性的四旋翼飞行器,提出了一种基于模糊不确定观测器（Fuzzy uncertainty observer,FUO）的自适应动态面轨迹跟踪控制方法.通过将四旋翼飞行器系统分解为位置、姿态角和角速率三个动态子系统,使得各子系统虚拟控制器能够充分考虑欠驱动约束;采用一阶低通滤波器重构虚拟控制信号及其一阶导数,实现四旋翼跟踪控制设计的迭代解耦;设计了一种模糊不确定观测器,用以估计和补偿未知外界扰动与系统不确定性,从而确保闭环系统的稳定性和跟踪误差与其他系统信号的一致有界性.仿真研究验证了所提出的控制方法的有效性和优越性.     

基于自抗扰技术的四旋翼飞行器视觉伺服控制器设计

基于自抗扰控制技术的四旋翼飞行器视觉伺服控制器克服了惯性传感器无法获取位置信息的缺点,提高了飞行器的灵活性,能够胜任更复杂的任务;文章主要针对基于四旋翼无人飞行器的视觉伺服控制技术问题展开相关研究;选用基于HSV颜色空间的颜色特征提取的方法实现目标跟踪,再通过三角形法则确定飞行器与目标在世界坐标下的相对位置,最后引入自抗扰控制技术设计了水平位置控制器与姿态控制器;通过实验结果分析,文章设计的飞行器视觉伺服控制器可以准确地跟踪目标并实施高精度定位,并且控制系统鲁棒性强,跟踪误差小,能够有效地完成视觉伺服控制任务。     

基于非线性干扰观测器的高超声速飞行器滑模反演控制

针对高超声速飞行器非线性、强耦合和参数不确定弹性体模型,提出了一种基于非线性干扰观测器的滑模反演控制方法.将飞行器曲线拟合模型分解为速度子系统和高度相关子系统并表示为严格反馈形式,分别采用滑模和反演方法设计实际控制量与虚拟控制量.采用1阶低通滤波器获取虚拟控制量的导数,解决了传统反演控制方法"微分项膨胀"问题.基于改进滑模微分器设计了一种新型非线性干扰观测器,以此对模型不确定项进行估计和补偿.仿真结果表明,该控制器对模型不确定性和气动弹性影响具有鲁棒性,且实现了对速度和高度参考输入的稳定跟踪.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.