基于多工况的车门结构多目标优化设计方法研究

车门结构的单一工况优化设计常难以满足车门设计要求。本文基于车门垂直刚度和一阶模态两工况,提出一种车门结构多工况多目标优化设计方法。以车门垂直刚度、一阶频率和车门质量为优化目标,通过均匀拉丁方试验设计和响应面方法得出车门垂直刚度和一阶频率的近似数学模型,并在此基础构建车门结构多目标优化模型。最后采用多目标遗传算法对其进行求解,最终优化结果在车门质量减少的情况下,垂直刚度和一阶频率均达到设计要求,达到预期优化效果。     

某SUV车架多目标拓扑优化设计

为得到同时满足刚度和动态要求的SUV车架,基于SIMP材料插值方法,分别以刚度最大和低阶模态固有频率最大作为优化目标建立拓扑优化模型,利用折中规划法建立多工况下刚度和低阶固有频率多目标优化模型,通过拓扑优化迭代得到新的SUV车架;对新车架进行仿真分析,得到其位移和应力分布及前4阶固有频率.其静态特性满足材料要求且有很大提高,第1阶固有频率提高到30.3 Hz,新车架质量减轻到193.3 kg.计算结果表明该方法能够很好地解决多目标下的结构优化问题。     

基于多目标优化技术的发动机罩加强筋布局设计研究

为了加强发动机罩壳的静态刚度特性和抑制振动能力,实现罩壳结构的轻量化,引入基于水平集法的拓扑优化技术和多目标理论,完成发动机罩加强筋布局的多目标优化设计。采用折衷规划法构建关于静刚度和一阶固有频率的多目标优化模型,运用水平集法求出罩壳加强筋的最佳分布形式。结果表明,该方法能大大地提高静动态结构性能,最大应力的下降说明罩壳应力集中现象得到有效的改善,缓解罩壳的疲劳现象。此外,基于层次分析法确定权重因子,避免了多目标优化模型构建中的主观能动性。采用平均频率法对动态目标函数的处理,有效地消除了动态优化过程中的收敛性。     

空间桁架结构优化设计

为获得空间桁架结构的合理构型,以某空间设备支撑结构为例,分析结构材料在设计空间的分布形式和桁架结构的传力路径。在已知载荷约束和设计空间大小的条件下,基于连续体拓扑优化方法,以静态多工况刚度和动态固有频率为多目标函数进行优化分析。依据设计要求确定计算模型的结点数和结点位置,获得满足要求的空间桁架结构并进行优化设计。优化结果比原模型质量减少36.7%,一阶模态提高3.6%。     

基于新模型的动态多目标优化进化算法

在动态多目标优化中,各目标通常相互冲突,其最优解往往有无穷多个,如何在时间连续发生变化的情况下依然能求出分布均匀且数量多的Pareto最优解供决策者选择十分重要.对动态多目标优化问题连续变化的时间变量区间进行了任意划分,在得到的每个时间子区间上把动态多目标优化问题近似为静态多目标优化问题,进而在每个子区间上定义了种群的静态序值方差和静态密度方差,然后把目标个数任意的动态多目标优化问题转化成一个双目标静态优化问题.在给出的一种能自动检测时间变化的自检算子下,提出一种新的动态多目标优化进化算法,并且证明了算法的收敛性.计算机仿真表明新算法对动态多目标优化问题求解十分有效.     

基于数字化工厂的车门自动化焊装线设计与仿真

以车门自动化焊装生产线为研究对象,基于数字化工厂平台搭建焊装工艺数据库及布局3D可视化产线,进而精确建立车门焊装生产线数字化工厂模型。在数字化工厂中对车门的焊接过程进行仿真,验证产线规划的合理性、工艺可行性及机器人可达性,分析并解决空间静态干涉及动态干涉情况。结果对实际产线的建设和生产节拍的优化具有指导意义,能够有效地提高工作效率和缩短整车开发周期。     

车门铰链系统与车门下沉刚度的相关性

针对某型车门下沉问题,通过台架试验获得车门、铰链和车身等各单因素下沉量和车门绞链系统整体下沉量,对单因素下沉量与系统整体下沉刚度进行线性拟合分析,得到车门铰链系统各单因素与系统下沉刚度的相关度排序.对前、后车门分别选取相关度较高的单因素进行优化,最终改进方案的仿真和试验结果证明该方案可有效地提升车门下沉刚度.采用定量分...     

参数化白车身结构轻量化多目标优化

利用SFE Concept建立某轿车白车身的参数化模型,采用有限元法对白车身的静态弯曲和扭转刚度、主要低阶模态进行分析,并将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比。将参数化白车身与动力总成、底盘、闭合件连接后,仿真分析整车正面100%碰撞安全性能并验证有限元模型的有效性。提出通过相对灵敏度分析确定白车身非安全件设计变量的方法,采用最优拉丁超立方方法生成样本点,基于径向基神经网络方法拟合近似模型,以白车身非安全件和正碰安全件为轻量化对象,通过第二代非劣排序遗传算法对白车身进行多目标优化设计。结果表明：在白车身静态弯曲刚度降低3.60%、静态扭转刚度降低3.91%、一阶弯曲模态固有频率降低0.09%、一阶扭转模态固有频率上升1.26%、正碰安全性能基本不变的情况下,白车身质量减少24.17 kg,减重7.42%,轻量化效果显著。     

基于有限元分析的某轿车白车身轻量化设计

为了减轻某款SUV车型白车身的质量,建立了其三维数字模型,通过网格划分处理后得到了其有限元模型。对上述模型进行了动态分析和静力分析,得到了该其前六阶固有频率及刚度值。以得到的固有频率以及刚度值为依据采用单目标尺寸优化的方法对白车身的重量进行减重优化,并且将优化后的结果和优化前进行对比。结果表明通过优化白车身减重23.1kg,减重比例达5.31%。并且保证了模态频率值和刚度值在车身设计要求范围内,在不降低白车身安全性能的前提下实现了减重的目的。     

高速铁道车辆悬挂系统参数化建模、优化与仿真分析

为了协调高速铁道车辆的运动稳定性与曲线通过性能之间的矛盾,本文采用多目标优化方法对一种高速铁道车辆的关键悬挂参数进行了优化处理.采用多体动力学技术建立了某型高速铁道车辆62个自由度的动力学模型,模型考虑了轮轨接触几何非线性、轮轨蠕滑非线性和阻尼非线性等.采用ADAMS-Matlab联合仿真对车辆悬挂系统进行参数化改造,使弹簧刚度和阻尼系数均可调.采用基于遗传算法的多目标优化方法对悬挂参数进行优化,使车辆模型能同时满足3种动力学指标.对比优化前后模型的动力学性能可以发现:模型的运动稳定性和曲线通过性能得到显著提高,虽然运行平稳性有小幅降低,但仍能保持在优良的工作状态.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.