润滑油基础油技术及添加剂发展现状

随着高精密机械、汽车的发展,社会对润滑油的需求更加紧密。润滑油主要由基础油和添加剂组成,基础油成分占70%～99%。基础油的质量决定了油品的品质。主要介绍基础油的生产方法、润滑油的分类标准和添加剂的发展状况。     

含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的合成及摩擦学性能研究

为了提高基础油的摩擦学性能,以大豆油脂肪酸、二异丙醇胺、硼酸、十六醇为原料,合成了一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂。采用红外光谱对目标产物进行表征,评价其水解性能,通过四球试验机考察其在基础油(150SN)中的摩擦学性能。红外光谱结果表明合成了目标产物,且具有良好的水解安定性,当添加量为2%时,150SN磨斑直径(WSD)从0.717 mm减小到0.433 mm,降低了39.61%,负载能力(PB)从372 N提高到548 N,增加了47.31%,同时摩擦系数减小,表现出良好的摩擦学性能。     

硼酸在润滑油添加剂领域的应用现状

硼元素引入润滑油添加剂中可改善和提高油品的抗磨性能以及热稳定性能等。硼元素是通过硼酸与碱性化合物反应而引入添加剂分子上的，因而，硼酸已逐步成为润滑油添加剂的重要原料之一。介绍了硼酸在润滑油添加剂中的应用现状，包括含硼清净剂、含硼分散剂、含硼极压抗磨剂、含硼防锈剂。主要介绍了世界各大石油公司生产含硼润滑油添加剂的商品牌号、合成方法等。指出随着中国汽车工业的发展，环保、节能法规的不断出台与执行力度的加大，含硼等环保、节能型润滑油添加剂将得到广泛的使用，其中硼化丁二酰亚胺市场潜力巨大。     

纳米WS2润滑油添加剂在直流磁场下的摩擦磨损特性

在四球摩擦磨损实验机摩擦区域添加了直流磁场发生装置,研究了添加经修饰的纳米WS₂润滑油在直流磁场作用下的摩擦磨损性能,用扫描电镜（SEM）配合能谱仪（EDS）及X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对钢球磨斑区域表面形貌和典型元素的含量及化学状态进行了分析,并探讨了相关的摩擦学机理。实验结果表明：经修饰后的纳米WS₂在150SN基础油中稳定性良好,含纳米WS₂的润滑油体现出更好的润滑性能,在纳米WS₂含量相同时,直流磁场下的润滑油抗磨减摩效果更好。直流磁场对纳米WS₂有一定的聚集效应,并会提高摩擦化学反应发生的概率。     

超高碱值环烷酸钙的合成及添加剂间的相互作用

文中主要介绍了超高碱值环烷酸钙的合成工艺过程,合成产品的理化性质良好,红外光谱测定出产品胶体结构碱性中心CaCO3晶体状态为无定型.同时,采用相容性试验和复配试验考察了该剂与硫化烷基酚钙和超高碱值石油磺酸钙的相互作用.     

Preparation and performance of novel lubricating oil additives derived from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole

Three 2-dialkylaminomethylthiobenzhthiazoles were prepared, and their thermal stability, corrosion-inhibiting and lubricating characteristics as additives in lubricating oil were evaluated. The novel additives possess higher load-carrying capacity and better lubricating property.     

The state of dispersion of detergent additives in lubricating oil and other hydrocarbons

Summary Ultracentrifugation and viscosity data indicate that the sulfonate type of detergents normally exists in hydrocarbon solvents as small micelles approximately two molecular lengths in diameter, ranging in shape from nearly spherical to rodlike. The micellar size is shown, in the case of calcium petroleum sulfonate, to change with concentration and temperature. Analysis of the sedimentation patterns shows that, while Aerosol O.T. appears essentially monodisperse, calcium petroleum sulfonate shows a marked distribution of micellar weights. Ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy show that larger aggregates sometimes exist in solution together with small micelles. These aggregates may result from association of various polar compounds with the detergent micelles. Presented before the Division of Petroleum Chemistry Symposium on Additives in Lubricants, Atlantic City A.C.S. Meeting, September, 1956.     

Preparation and tribological properties of unmodified and oleic acid-modified CuS nanorods as lubricating oil additives

Unmodified and oleic acid-modified CuS nanorods were prepared by water bath and hydrothermal method. The prepared CuS nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The tribological properties of both types of CuS nanorods as additives in liquid paraffin (LP) were investigated using a vertical universal friction and wear testing machine. The addition of unmodified and oleic acid-modified CuS nanorods was found to significantly reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of pins by increasing the surface area and addition concentration of CuS nanorod additives. The addition of oleic acid-modified CuS nanorod showed higher anti-wear properties than those of unmodified CuS nanorods. The prominent tribological performances of CuS nanorods additives were attributed to the formation of complete and uniform tribo-film,which is confirmed by the EDS analyses of tested worn surfaces of pins.     

溶剂辅助糠醛精制废润滑油

研究了用溶剂辅助糠醛精制废润滑油,提高润滑油的收率,同时改善了产品质量.通过筛选得出助溶剂正丁醇的最佳加入量,考察了精制温度和剂油比对产物收率的影响.对产物进行性质测定结果表明:在糠醛溶剂中加入15%(正丁醇:糠醛)的正丁醇、精制温度85℃和剂油比为2:1的条件下,得到再生后润滑油基础油为澄清淡黄色,产物收率为88.5...     

N-2-pyridyldialkylthioamides as additives to lubricating oils

• 1.1. New compounds — N-2-pyridyldialkylthioamides — have been synthesized.
• 2.2. These compounds are effective anticorrosion additives to M-11 oil and in this respect are superior to additive ABS-2 (a compound of similar structure) and equivalent to thioformpiperidine.
• 3.3. N-2-Pyridyldialkylthioamide has greater antiscuff properties than thioformpiperidine and additive ABS-2.
• 4.4. Increase in the number of thiocarbonyl groups (C=S) in the thioamide molecules leads to an improvement in their antiscuff properties.

     

生物降解润滑油的发展

随着社会的发展和进步,人类对环境的关注日益加强,生物降解润滑油的研究越来越受到国内外研究者的重视。文中简述了国内外生物降解润滑油的发展状况、润滑油生物降解机理、基础油的研究、添加剂的研究、实验润滑剂生物降解性的方法。     

活塞式压缩机润滑油的选择

介绍了活塞式压缩机润滑方式对润滑油的要求和常用的活塞式压缩机润滑油的分类情况,着重讨论了活塞式压缩机内部润滑油的负荷等级和粘度的选择,及不同介质压缩机润滑油品种的选择方法。     

Tribological properties of Al2O3 nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives

Nano-scale Al₂O₃ spherical particles, prepared via a hydrothermal method and modified by silane coupling agent, can be well-dispersed in lubricating oil. The tribology properties of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives have been studied by four-ball and thrust-ring friction test, which illustrate that the modified Al₂O₃ nanoparticles can effectively improve the lubricating behaviors compared to the base oil. When the added concentration is 0.1 wt%, the friction coefficient and the wear scar diameter are both smallest. The lubrication mechanism is that a self-laminating protective film is formed on the friction surface and the wear behavior changes from sliding friction to rolling friction.     

润滑油监测在水泥设备润滑管理中的应用

润滑油监测是设备开展润滑管理、状态维修的重要基础工作。润滑油监测可以延长设备的换油期或指导正确选用润滑油,更重要的是可以通过及时预报潜在的故障隐患避免设备损坏或减少不必要的维修。对水泥设备的润滑油监测进行了探讨分析,首先对设备润滑管理情况进行了概述,然后根据水泥生产设备特点与现场工况对润滑油取样周期、取样送检标准等进行了简要介绍,最后列举实例提出利用润滑油监测结果指导设备预知性维修保养的理念。     

定量给料秤闭环调节的控制模式

定量给料系统的控制模式直接决定秤的使用效果和投资,但当前尚不太被人重视,深入研究更显不足,现实中不完善、不合理甚至错误的控制模式屡见不鲜,如过度采用预给料给料方式、在预给料计量系统中把定量给料秤（皮带）作为给料量的调控对象等错误时有发生。为此,笔者根据研究和实践经验,从闭环控制构成基本要素和工作原理出发,介绍几种典型的控制模式和特点。特别推荐了流量/负荷双调节控制和流量跟踪双调节控制新模式等技术,为相关设计和选用者参考。     

循环冷却水硅垢的成因及预防

论述了硅垢的成因及影响因素,总结了石灰软化法、混凝法、超滤法、电絮凝法等近年来国内外常用的除硅方法,分析了不同方法的除硅效果及适用条件,同时介绍了硅垢阻垢剂的发展与应用。结合循环冷却水实际运行情况,提出了补充水预处理、阻垢分散剂添加、旁流处理等措施,并指出了循环冷却水处理未来的发展方向。     

废润滑油再生工艺技术

介绍了国内外几种废润滑油再生技术,并对废润滑油陶瓷膜过滤和加氢工艺进行了描述。     

基于润滑油中水分的检测方法

从油中水分检测方法的角度,论述了蒸馏法、卡尔费休法、气相色谱法、红外光谱法、介电常数法以及电阻法的应用现状和特点,为了更好的实现对润滑油中水分的检测,各检测方法应该加强对样品和环境因素的控制,基于检测方法的传感器和检测设备研究和在线监测系统和仪器的连接优化等方面的研究。     

Isodecyl acrylate - olive oil copolymers as potential biodegradable additive for lubricating oil

The use of greener additives based on vegetable oils in the formulation of bio-lubricant has attracted considerable interest due to their biocompatibility and enhanced multifunctional performances compared to conventional additives. Working in this direction and in an anticipation of introducing biodegradability in to the acrylate based additive system, copolymers of isodecyl acrylate with olive oil have been synthesized by thermal method using BPO (benzoyl peroxide) as radical initiator. Characterization of the prepared polymers has been performed by spectral (NMR, IR), and SEC-GPC analysis. Performance evaluation of the polymers as pour point depressant (PPD), and viscosity modifier/viscosity index improver (VII) in different base oils (mineral) have been performed by standard ASTM methods. Biodegradability of the prepared additives was tested against fungal pathogens and microorganisms by disc diffusion (DD) method and by soil burial test (SBT) method respectively. Thermal stability of each of them has been evaluated and included. The multifunctional performances have been compared and reported. The copolymers showed potential multifunctional additive performance as viscosity modifier and pour point depressant along with excellent biodegradability.     

Polymeric additives for improving the flow properties and viscosity index of lubricating oils

Four sets of copolymeric additives were synthesized via copolymerization of dialkyl fumarates and dialkyl maleates with vinyl acetate (VAc) and vinylpyrrolidone (VP) monomers. The dialkyl esters were prepared by the esterification of maleic and fumaric acids with a series of n-alkanol having an increasing number of carbon atoms to produce two groups of diesters. The completion of the esterification reaction was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. The molecular weights of the prepared esters and copolymers were determined and the influences of different parameters on the molecular weight of the produced copolymers were discussed. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers as viscosity index and flow improvers (pour point depressants) was investigated. It has been found that the dialkyl ester/VP copolymers are more efficient as viscosity index improvers than the dialkyl ester/VAc copolymers. On the other hand, it has been found that the copolymers based on didodecyl fumarate/VAc are the most effective pour point depressants.