计算机组成与体系结构核心课程的创新建设

分析我校计算机组成与体系结构课程教学的现状和存在问题,结合实际教学经验,从教学内容设置、理论教学方法、实践教学规划、课程考核制度、师资队伍建设和综合教学平台六方面,对建设计算机组成与体系结构核心课程提供创新思路和实践经验,为进一步提高计算机组成与体系结构课程的教学效果提供参考和经验。     

分布的共享主存多机系统综述

分布的共享主存克服了紧耦合共享主存多处理机及分布式多机系统的缺点,既有共享的主存,又具有可扩展性。本文总结了设计分布的共享主存所涉及到的技术选择,分析了实现上的关键问题,并对具有代表性的系统进行了分析,最后总结了现有分布的共享主存的特点,提出了新的研究方向。     

计算机组成与系统结构国家精品课程建设体会

精品课程建设是国家为了优化教学资源、全面提高教学质量而采取的一项重要措施。文章以上海交通大学国家精品课程(网络教育)计算机组成与系统结构为例,总结了课程设计、课程理念与特色、课程教学效果等方面的一些新的尝试,与大家分享。     

A Study on Modeling and Optimization of Memory Systems

Accesses Per Cycle(APC),Concurrent Average Memory Access Time(C-AMAT),and Layered Performance Matching(LPM)are three memory performance models that consider both data locality and memory assess concurrency.The APC model measures the throughput of a memory architecture and therefore reflects the quality of service(QoS)of a memory system.The C-AMAT model provides a recursive expression for the memory access delay and therefore can be used for identifying the potential bottlenecks in a memory hierarchy.The LPM method transforms a global memory system optimization into localized optimizations at each memory layer by matching the data access demands of the applications with the underlying memory system design.These three models have been proposed separately through prior efforts.This paper reexamines the three models under one coherent mathematical framework.More specifically,we present a new memory-centric view of data accesses.We divide the memory cycles at each memory layer into four distinct categories and use them to recursively define the memory access latency and concurrency along the memory hierarchy.This new perspective offers new insights with a clear formulation of the memory performance considering both locality and concurrency.Consequently,the performance model can be easily understood and applied in engineering practices.As such,the memory-centric approach helps establish a unified mathematical foundation for model-driven performance analysis and optimization of contemporary and future memory systems.     

美国一流大学计算机组成与系统结构实验课程研究

文章针对美国一流大学的计算机组成与系统结构实验课程进行研究,重点介绍UC Berkeley,MIT,Stanford University,CMU相关实验课程的内容和特色,为我国大学计算机组成与系统结构实验课程今后的改革与发展提供参考。     

反射内存网在分布式飞行仿真中的应用

分布式飞行仿真系统的节点之间往往有大量的数据传输,传统的以太网通信无法满足实时性要求。为了在确定的时间内交换节点之间的数据,达到实时性的要求,本文给出了一种基于反射内存网的实时网解决方案。方案对反射内存网与传统计算机网络技术进行了比较;最终采用了反射内存网。     

“计算机组成与体系结构”课程群建设实践

本文分析了目前计算机相关课程教学面临的挑战和机遇;在对国内外教学情况进行分析比较的基础上,提出了"计算机组成与体系结构"课程群建设目标和思路;详细介绍了南京大学的改革实践情况和取得的成效;最后给出了课程群建设的工作设想。     

A Novel Memory Structure for Embedded Systems: Flexible Sequential and Random Access Memory

The on-chip memory performance of embedded systems directly affects the system designers＇ decision about how to allocate expensive silicon area. A novel memory architecture, flexible sequential and random access memory （FSRAM）, is investigated for embedded systems. To realize sequential accesses, small “links”are added to each row in the RAM array to point to the next row to be prefetched. The potential cache pollution is ameliorated by a small sequential access buyer （SAB）. To evaluate the architecture-level performance of FSRAM, we ran the Mediabench benchmark programs on a modified version of the SimpleScalar simulator. Our results show that the FSRAM improves the performance of a baseline processor with a 16KB data cache up to 55%, with an average of 9%; furthermore, the FSRAM reduces 53.1% of the data cache miss count on average due to its prefetching effect. We also designed RTL and SPICE models of the FSRAM, which show that the FSRAM significantly improves memory access time, while reducing power consumption, with negligible area overhead.     

基于分布存储系统的并行编译关键技术

分布存储系统的并行编译器需要解决各局部存储器之间数据分布问题和各处理机之间通信优化问题。论文并行编程模型、代码和数据分布、通信优化以及代码生成问题四个方面论述了基于分布存储系统的并行编译关键技术并提出了进一步研究所要解决的问题。     

组成原理与系统结构模拟实验系统的设计与开发

为了解决组成原理与系统结构课程内容抽象难懂、教学难度大等问题,我们设计和开发了国内第一套用于这些课程实验的模拟器,并在此基础上开出了10多个实验。实际使用情况表明,达到了很好的教学效果。本文介绍这些模拟器的设计和功能等。     

分布共享存储的遥感图像并行预处理系统结构研究

随着遥感技术的发展,遥感图像的分辨率和采样率越来越高,对遥感图像预处理系统性能的要求也日益提高。本文介绍一种能高效实现遥感图像预处理的分布共享存储并行处理系统结构。     

A Computation+Communication Load Balanced Loop Partitioning Method for Distributed Memory Systems

Due to a significant communication overhead of sending and receiving data, the loop partitioning approaches on distributed memory systems must guarantee not just the computation load balance but computation+communication load balance. The previous approaches in loop partitioning have achieved a communication-free, computation load balanced iteration space partitioning solution for a limited subset of DOALL loops. But a large category of DOALL loops inevitably result in communication and the trade-offs between computation and communication must be carefully analyzed for these loops in order to balance out the combined computation time and communication overheads. In this work, we describe a partitioning approach based on the above motivation for the general cases of DOALL loops. Our goal is to achieve a computation+communication load balanced partitioning through static data and iteration space distribution. Our approach first performs partitioning of iteration and data spaces of a loop nest by analyzing communication and parallelism; it then performs architecture-dependent analysis to adjust the granularity of partitions, load balance each partition with respect to total computation+communication, and then performs mapping of partitions onto the available number of processors. This multiphase partitioning method works as follows. First, the code partitioning phase analyzes the references in the body of the DOALL loop nest and determines a set of directions for reducing a larger degree of communication by trading a lesser degree of parallelism. The partitioning is carried out in the iteration space of the loop by cyclically following a set of direction vectors such that the data references are maximally localized and reused, eliminating a larger communication volume than parallelism. We then perform data space partitioning based on a new larger partition owns rule to minimize the communication overhead for a compute intensive partition by localizing its references relatively more than a smaller noncompute intensive partition. A partition interaction graph is then constructed which is used by the architecture-dependent analysis phase to merge the partitions to achieve granularity adjustment, computation+communication load balance, and mapping on the actual number of available processors. Relevant theory and algorithms are developed along with a performance evaluation on the Cray T3D.     

DSCO：一种无线传感器网络分布式简单簇组织算法

提出了一种适用于无线传感器网络的分布式简单簇组织算法DSCO,对算法基本思想和具体实现进行了论述,并对仿真结果做了详细分析.逻辑简单、不需要时间同步、完全依赖本地信息,是DSCO的重要特点.仿真表明,DSCO在成簇率、簇成员分布、成簇时间和拓扑控制等方面,取得了较好的结果,尤其对大规模无线传感器网络,有良好的适应能力,可以获得较高的成簇率和较快的成簇速度.     

Organizational Memory as Objects, Processes, and Trajectories: An Examination of Organizational Memory in Use

For proper knowledge management, organizations must consider how knowledge is kept and reused. The term organizational memory is due for an overhaul. Memory appears to be everywhere in organizations; yet, the term has been limited to only a few uses. Based on an ethnographic study of a telephone hotline group, this paper presents a micro-level, distributed cognition analysis of two hotline calls, the work activity surrounding the calls, and the memory used in the work activity. Drawing on the work of Star, Hutchins, and Strauss, the paper focuses on issues of applying past information for current use. Our work extends Strauss' and Hutchins' trajectories to get at the understanding of potential future use by participants and its role in current information storage. We also note the simultaneously shared provenance and governance of multiple memories – human and technical. This analysis and the theoretical framework we construct should be to be useful in further efforts in describing and analyzing organizational memory within the context of knowledge management efforts.     

浅论“计算机组成原理”课程的教学

"计算机组成原理"课程是计算机科学与技术等专业的必修课程之一,该课程的主要特点是内容多,知识面宽,教与学的难度都相对较大。本文重点讨论了该课程学习和掌握好该课程的有关知识,不仅是为后续课程的学习打好基础,而且也是应对各种水平考试的必要条件,因此,无论是执教者还是学习者,都必须十分重视。     

Co-ordinating Distributed Knowledge: A Study into the Use of an Organisational Memory

This paper presents an ethnographically informed investigation into the use of an organisational memory, focusing in particular on how information was used in the performance of work. We argue that understanding how people make use of distributed knowledge is crucial to the design of an organisational memory. However, we take the perspective that an ‘organisational memory’ is not technology dependent, but is an emergent property of group interaction. In this sense, the technology does not form the organisational memory, but provides a novel means of augmenting the co-ordination of collaborative action. The study examines the generation, development and maintenance of knowledge repositories and archives. The knowledge and information captured in the organisational memory enabled the team members to establish a common understanding of the design and to gain an appreciation of the issues and concerns of the other disciplines. The study demonstrates why technology should not be thought of in isolation from its contexts of use, but also how designers can make use of the creative flexibility that people employ in their everyday activities. The findings of the study are therefore of direct relevance to both the design of knowledge archives and to the management of this information within organisations.     

计算机组成原理课程教学探索

本文分别从计算机组成原理课程的理论教学环节和实验教学环节进行探讨，认为直观式教学方法适合理论教学，启发式教学方法适合实验教学，采用上述教学方法笔者在自己的教学实践中取得了良好的教学效果。     

医学信息类专业《计算机组成原理》课程教学探讨

结合高等医科院校的实际情况,针对医学信息类专业的特点,探讨了《计算机组成原理》课程教学过程q-的几点心得。分别从教学内容的选择、教学方法的改进和教学实践的改革等方面作了详细的阐述。     

计算机组成原理CAI教学网站设计与制作

本文设计的计算机组成原理课程教学网站采用了目前流行的.net技术,在网站中引入了Web Services、XML等具有良好扩展性的技术,页面布局采用DIV CSS,利用ADO.NET访问数据库。网站教学内容设置双语教学部分,并利用flash技术建立虚拟实验室,模拟实际实验环境。该网站适应现代教育的需要,对教师的教学改革及促进学生的自主学习有积极的意义。     

Natural Thinking Mechanisms and Computer Intelligence

A model is considered in the paper as a communication link between natural intelligence and artificial one. It is both of cognitive and applied value, based on well-known facts of natural science and on cybernetic hypotheses necessary for its construction. It is shown in the paper that it is possible and expedient to use the model features in development of internal computer intelligence. The main principles of construction of a new class of intelligent solving machines are given as an example.