新型中锰马氏体高强度钢的耐磨性能

 利用销盘式磨料磨损试验和三体冲击磨料磨损试验研究碳质量分数分别为0.12%和0.19%新型中锰马氏体高强度钢的磨损行为,并与Hardox450钢和21C钢进行耐磨性能对比。用磨损失重量表征耐磨性能,利用LOM、SEM和XRD等设备研究材料磨料磨损机制。结果表明,新型中锰钢耐磨性能与Hardox450钢及21C钢相当。在销盘式磨料磨损试验和三体冲击磨料磨损试验中,马氏体高强钢的耐磨性能与材料的硬度呈线性关系,硬度越高,材料耐磨性越好。由于锰的添加,新型中锰钢的优点不仅在于具有锰的固溶强化特性提高耐磨性能,还在于该钢的淬透性几乎与该钢的冷却速度无关,因而该钢具有大规模工业生产的潜力。     

Structure and properties of corrosion and wear resistant Cr-Mn-N steels

Steels containing about 12 pct Cr, 10 pct Mn, and 0.2 pct N have been shown to have an unstable austenitic microstructure and have good ductility, extreme work hardening, high fracture strength, excellent toughness, good wear resistance, and moderate corrosion resistance. A series of alloys containing 9.5 to 12.8 pct Cr, 5.0 to 10.4 pct Mn, 0.16 to 0.32 pct N, 0.05 pct C, and residual elements typical of stainless steels was investigated by microstructural examination and mechanical, abrasion, and corrosion testing. Microstructures ranged from martensite to unstable austenite. The unstable austenitic steels transformed to α martensite on deformation and displayed very high work hardening, exceeding that of Hadfield’s manganese steels. Fracture strengths similar to high carbon martensitic stainless steels were obtained while ductility and toughness values were high, similar to austenitic stainless steels. Resistance to abrasive wear exceeded that of commercial abrasion resistant steels and other stainless steels. Corrosion resistance was similar to that of other 12 pct Cr steels. Properties were not much affected by minor compositional variations or rolled-in nitrogen porosity. In 12 pct Cr-10 pct Mn alloys, ingot porosity was avoided when nitrogen levels were below 0.19 pet, and austenitic microstructures were obtained when nitrogen levels exceeded 0.14 pct.     

Mechanical Properties and Corrosion–Abrasion Wear Behavior of Low-Alloy MnSiCrB Cast Steels Containing Cu

Two medium carbon low-alloy MnSiCrB cast steels containing different Cu contents (0.01 wt pct and 0.62 wt pct) were designed, and the effect of Cu on the mechanical properties and corrosion–abrasion wear behavior of the cast steels was studied. The results showed that the low-alloy MnSiCrB cast steels obtained excellent hardenability by a cheap alloying scheme. The microstructure of the MnSiCrB cast steels after water quenching from 1123 K (850 °C) consists of lath martensite and retained austenite. After tempering at 503 K (230 °C), carbides precipitated, and the hardness of the cast steels reached 51 to 52 HRC. The addition of Cu was detrimental to the ductility and impact toughness but was beneficial to the wear resistance in a corrosion–abrasion wear test. The MnSiCrB cast steel with Cu by the simple alloying scheme and heat treatment has the advantages of being high performance, low cost, and environmentally friendly. It is a potential, advanced wear-resistant cast steel for corrosion–abrasion wear conditions.     

马氏体钢耐磨性与亚表层硬度分布的关系

选用２０Ｃｒ，４０ＣｒＳｉ，６０Ｍｎ，Ｔ８和Ｔ１０钢，通过热处理获得不同固溶碳量马氏体，研究在静载三体磨粒磨损后，上述五种钢耐磨性与其亚表层硬度分布的关系，结果表明，马氏体钢耐磨性与亚表层硬度分布的关系与共马氏体固溶碳量有关。     

等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢组织及耐磨性的影响

设计了一种0.7C的低合金超细贝氏体钢,并通过膨胀仪、二体磨损实验、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜及能谱仪,研究了不同等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢的贝氏体相变动力学、微观组织以及干滑动摩擦耐磨性的影响,揭示超细贝氏体钢在二体磨损条件下的耐磨性能和磨损机理.研究结果表明,不同等温温度下的超细贝氏体钢都由片层状贝氏体铁素体和薄膜状以及块状的残留奥氏体组成;随着等温温度的升高,超细贝氏体的相变速率提高,相变孕育期及相变完成时间缩短,但贝氏体铁素体板条厚度增加,残留奥氏体含量增加,硬度值有所降低;超细贝氏体钢磨损面形貌以平直的犁沟为主,主要的磨损机理为显微切削;不同等温温度下所获得的超细贝氏体的耐磨性能都优于回火马氏体,且随着等温温度的降低,耐磨性能提高.其中在250℃等温所获得的超细贝氏体钢具有最优的耐磨性能,其相对耐磨性为回火马氏体的1.28倍.这主要与超细贝氏体钢中贝氏体铁素体板条的细化及磨损过程中残留奥氏体的形变诱导马氏体相变（TRIP）效应有关.      

Cr元素对热轧耐磨钢显微组织和耐磨性的影响

对两种热轧耐磨钢(Cr质量分数分别为0和0.65%)经过在线层流冷却后的组织性能进行了研究,使用磨损试验机MLG-130在60 N载荷下进行摩擦磨损试验,利用场发射扫描电镜分别对试样磨损表面进行观察。两种耐磨钢冷却后组织为铁素体和马奥岛,由于Cr元素的加入,含Cr钢组织中以马奥岛为主,体积分数为82.6%。此外,在不同磨损时间下含Cr钢的耐磨性均优于无Cr钢。经过0.5、1和1.5 h磨损后,含Cr钢的磨损失重分别为0.357 8、0.769 5和1.427 2 g,其耐磨性分别为1.40、1.30和1.05 g-1。无Cr钢磨损表面出现了明显的犁沟和剥落坑,磨损机制主要为微犁削和微断裂。而含Cr钢由于屈服强度和表面硬度更高,塑性变形被抑制,因此磨损表面更加光滑平整,主要磨损机制为微切削和微断裂。     

Effect of prior austempering heat treatment on the microstructure,mechanical properties and high-stress abrasive wear behaviour of a 0·33% C dual-phase steel

The present study investigates the effect of prior austempering heat treatment on the microstructure, mechanical property and high-stress abrasive wear response of 0·33% carbon dual-phase (DP) steel. DP steels were produced by intercritical annealing of the as-received steel (DP-AR) and of the steel subjected to prior austempering heat treatment (DP-AT). Prior austempering heat treatment results in the refinement of martensite phase in DP-AT steel, which is responsible for generation of less strain and microcracks in the vicinity of martensite phases. Therefore, this steel exhibits improvement in ductility with a marginal loss in strength. On the other hand, DP-AR steel shows coarse martensite phase which promotes strain accumulation and thereby generation of microcracks. These microcracks are found to be responsible for poor ductility in this steel. Furthermore, abrasion tests were carried out at varying sliding distances at 7?N applied load. DP treatments result in improved overall wear response. However, prior austempering heat treatment results in improvement in wear resistance in DP-AT steel at all sliding distances except at initial period. This is attributed to finer morphology of martensite and the absence of microcracks along with higher strain hardening in DP-AT steel. However, the improved wear resistance at initial period of DP-AR steel is attributed to considerably higher strain hardening index at low strain as compared to DP-AT steel.     

二次碳化物对马氏体钢三体磨料磨损性能的影响

在低速，碾磨式三体磨损系统中，使用不同粒度的石英砂及玻璃砂磨料，研究了马氏体钢中二次碳化和对其磨损特性的影响。研究结果表明：弥散分布的二次碳化物虽然可增加钢的的硬度，但由于“尺寸效应”不能提高钢的切削磨损抗力，而有利于其塑变疲劳磨损抗力的改善。二次碳化物对马氏体钢三体磨损特性的影响是随磨料硬度，磨粒尺寸等系统参数的变化而变化的。     

TiC颗粒强化型马氏体耐磨钢的性能研究

采用模铸、连铸两种工艺工业化试制一种TiC颗粒强化型马氏体耐磨钢,分析了TiC颗粒的析出规律,对比研究了试验钢与传统马氏体耐磨钢的组织、力学性能及耐磨性能。试验结果表明:凝固速度越大,TiC析出相越细;轧制压缩比越大,颗粒分布越均匀;TiC颗粒强化马氏体钢强度与传统马氏体钢相当,韧性有所降低;微米级的TiC可以有效提高材料的磨粒磨损性能,试验钢磨损失重仅为同等硬度传统马氏体钢的70%;耐磨性能的提高主要是因为在磨粒磨损条件下,微米级TiC硬质点可以破碎磨砺、钝化尖角、阻断磨痕。     

Effect of martensite content on friction and oxidative wear behavior of 0.42 Pct carbon dual-phase steel

In order to explore the tribological potential of the dual-phase (DP) steel as a wear-resistant material, the friction and wear characteristics have been investigated for this steel with varying amounts of martensite from 42 to 72 vol pct, developed by varying holding time at the intercritical annealing temperature of 740 °C. Dry sliding wear tests have been conducted on DP steels containing 0.42 wt pct carbon using a pin-on-disk machine under different normal loads of 14.7, 19.6, 24.5, 29.4, and 34.3 N and at a constant sliding speed of 1.15 m/s. Weight loss has been measured at different time intervals on the same specimen. The variation of cumulative volume loss with sliding distance has been represented by two linear segments signifying the run-in and the steady state of wear. The mechanism of wear is primarily oxidative in nature, which has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns of the wear debris generated during sliding. The wear rate varies linearly with load in both the run-in and the steady state. The wear rate decreases linearly with increasing volume fraction of martensite in DP steels reflecting the effect of hardness imparted by the increasing amount of martensite, which is a hard and load bearing phase. The average coefficient of friction also decreases linearly with increasing load as well as with increasing martensite volume fraction. In the run-in stage, the wear coefficient does not change significantly between DP1 and DP2 steels containing 42 and 51 vol pct martensite, respectively, but decreases sharply as one moves from DP2 to DP4 containing, respectively, 51 and 72 vol pct martensite. But in the steady state, the wear coefficient decreases almost linearly with increasing volume fraction of the martensite. The decrease in wear coefficient may be attributed to the decreasing wear rate dominating over the decrease in real area of contact due to increasing hardness.