面向创新设计的专利知识库系统研究

专利作为知识的重要组成,是创新设计的重要资源.为了能够给创新设计提供有效的知识支持,从功能、结构和作用原理三个方面研究了专利信息的获取方法和规范描述,进而构建了专利知识库,同时,利用本体的语意检索功能为专利知识库构建了一个有效的检索模块,由此产生了完整的专利知识库系统.该系统对支持设计者进行产品创新具有较大的实用意义.     

基于创新性评估的机电产品专利知识挖掘系统

为有效挖掘专利中丰富的设计知识辅助机电产品创新设计,设计了基于创新性评估的机电产品专利知识挖掘系统框架,探讨了机电产品专利设计知识的表达方法、创新性评估、及专利知识提取等关键技术的实现策略。通过分析专利设计知识的特点,以专利文献中的动名词短语进行创新层次特征抽取,并利用余弦相似度原理,设计了基于向量空间的专利设计知识创新性评估算法,结合机电产品专利功能知识提取方法,针对性地获取创新性强的专利设计知识。研发了机电产品专利知识挖掘原型系统,并通过油辣椒搅拌器创新设计验证了方案的实用性。     

[数据驱动的产品设计]基于复杂网络的专利数据驱动的产品创新设计

为了解决已有专利辅助产品设计研究方面存在的问题,提出了基于复杂网络的专利数据驱动产品创新设计方法。通过构建专利分类号共现网络,结合网络度中心性算法对分类号节点重要性进行评价,找出关键分类号。对分类号相关专利进行分析,并抽取原理知识,利用形态学矩阵构建功能原理映射关系,结合频繁子图中的apriori关联规则算法计算原理组合的支持度,以获取最佳组合方案,同时利用组合方案相关专利提取结构关键词,建立专利结构网络,结合结构洞挖掘关键元件,并开展产品创新设计。以卫浴花洒作为研究实例,找出混合其他物质功能作为设计需求,通过挖掘相关专利的原理,发明了一款带有可调节功能的新型混合花洒,验证该方法的有效性。     

基于复杂网络的专利数据驱动的产品创新设计

为了解决已有专利辅助产品设计研究方面存在的问题,提出了基于复杂网络的专利数据驱动产品创新设计方法。通过构建专利分类号共现网络,结合网络度中心性算法对分类号节点重要性进行评价,找出关键分类号。对分类号相关专利进行分析,并抽取原理知识,利用形态学矩阵构建功能-原理映射关系,结合频繁子图中的apriori关联规则算法计算原理组合的支持度,以获取最佳组合方案,同时利用组合方案相关专利提取结构关键词,建立专利结构网络,结合结构洞挖掘关键元件,并开展产品创新设计。以卫浴花洒作为研究实例,找出混合其他物质功能作为设计需求,通过挖掘相关专利的原理,发明了一款带有可调节功能的新型混合花洒,验证该方法的有效性。     

面向产品创新设计的专利文本分类研究

为提高专利知识在产品创新设计中的应用价值,以打破思维定势、激发创新灵感,提出了一种面向创新设计的专利文本分类的思路及方法.基于发明问题解决理论(TRIZ),应用文本挖掘和自然语言理解等先进的技术手段,以TRIZ发明原理为分类标准对专利文本进行了自动分类的研究.以美国专利为数据源,将发明原理的知识表示与文本挖掘策略相融合,抽取专利特征信息,建立统一的专利特征表示模型,并使用VC++开发出了相应的软件系统.最后分析了该软件挖掘出的相关专利,对造纸机进行了创新设计,辅助得到了新的原理方案,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于TRIZ与专利分析的产品绿色创新设计方法

为了提高绿色产品的创新设计效率,提出了一种基于TRIZ与专利分析的产品绿色创新设计方法。通过对设计需求提取关键特征,检索相关专利,对专利进行功能、原理知识和结构知识分析,综合评价专利的相关度和创新性以提高专利利用效率。在保证不侵犯现有专利的基础上,利用现有专利进行高效设计,若无相关专利则转化绿色性能参数为TRIZ工程参数,融合TRIZ的创新原理启发设计者得到方案。最后引入TRIZ工具对已有的备选方案进行优化改进并得到最优方案。文章以冰箱的降噪设计为实例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于专利知识的机械产品辅助创新系统

为利用专利中丰富的知识辅助设计师进行创新设计,提出基于专利知识的机械产品辅助创新设计的流程,探讨了流程中专利检索、专利预处理、专利知识提取、专利知识辅助创新等关键技术的实现策略.通过基于关联规则法的专利检索技术以及基于分类算法和创新性评估方法的专利预处理技术,可以针对性地获取有利于辅助创新设计的专利.通过提取专利知识结合启发规则构建专利创新设计的启发环境,可以有效激发设计师的创新思维产生创新方案.研发了基于专利知识的机械产品辅助创新设计系统,以具有磁力自锁的液压油缸创新设计实例,验证了系统的实用性.     

基于知识粒度的TRIZ在创新设计中的应用

为实现发明问题解决理论(Theory of inventive problem solving,TRIZ)中概念解到特定解的,从认知心理学角度分析产品创新设计问题的解决机理,提出一种多粒度多层次的知识组织模型,将设计知识按照TRIZ原理、功能、行为-流对、科学效应、领域五种属性进行标注,每种属性又包括概念、语义和事实资源三种层次结构,构建多属性多层次的本地知识库,为设计者提供本领域知识。此外通过语义本体推理和语义扩展从专利数据库和网络资源中获取近领域、远领域知识,在创新设计问题解决过程中推送给设计者,有利于激发设计者进行联想类比,支持其从不同粒度分析和解决问题。最后建立基于多粒度知识组织的创新设计问题解决模型和系统框架,并结合III型铁路扣件的概念设计示例说明该模型的应用。     

机械产品专利知识的提取和应用

随着专利数量的快速增长,单纯依靠人工进行专利查阅,很难及时、快速获取专利中的创新知识资源.对此,引入深度学习方法,研究机械产品专利知识的计算机自动抽取,进而实现机械产品的创新设计.在研究中,将专利知识抽取分解为对专利中功效、原理、结构三类实体的识别,以及各类实体之间关系的抽取,由此构建专利知识结构模型.基于BERT语言预训练模型完成实体的识别和实体关系的抽取,解决了传统专利分析方法抽取知识片面且精度不高、效率较低的问题.与此同时,设计了对机械产品创新设计起辅助作用的专利知识推送系统.通过电动牙刷实例验证了研究的有效性.     

专利设计知识的创新性评估方法及其在创新设计中的应用

专利中蕴含了丰富的设计知识,不同专利设计知识对创新设计的价值不同,对专利设计知识进行合理量化评估能快速有效地帮助设计人员进行创新设计。根据专利方案设计知识的特点,采用动词和名词分别代表专利中的原理设计知识和结构设计知识。通过引入信息熵的概念,提出专利设计知识的新颖度和相容度的量化计算方法。结合形态学分析方法,建立面向复合功能的专利组合方案设计知识创新性优化评估模型。以具有自锁功能的直线驱动机构创新设计为例说明基于形态学矩阵的创新设计过程。对比分析专利数量和设计知识词汇集数量对组合方案创新性评估结果的影响,验证了提出的新颖度和相容度的量化计算方法以及组合方案创新性评估模型的可行性和实用性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.