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腐乳生产技术(七) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
6 腐乳前期发酵6 .1 发酵机理在酿造腐乳过程中 ,有物理化学和生物化学变化 ,整个过程又分为前期发酵和后期发酵两个阶段。前期发酵 (亦称发花 ) ,主要是将毛霉菌 (或根霉菌 )接种于豆腐坯上 ,让其在蛋白质 (豆腐坯 )培养基上充分繁殖 ,使豆腐坯表面生成一层白色细柔的菌膜 ,同时分泌大量蛋白酶 ,便于后期发酵使蛋白质缓慢水解。在前期菌丝生长阶段 ,豆腐坯的蛋白质已开始被蛋白酶水解为水溶性蛋白质(胚和胨 )。豆腐坯的水溶性蛋白质含量为3.6 1 %、而通过前期发酵后的水溶性蛋白质含量达 55.54%。前期发酵主要是培养毛霉菌过程 ,其目的归… 相似文献
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腐乳生产的高温菌种筛选结果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
<正>腐乳是我国传统的发酵食品之一.它是用豆腐坯经毛霉菌发酵腌制而成的.据了解,目前许多腐乳工厂的毛霉菌种,在30~35℃便生长很差或不生长.广东省许多腐乳工厂的培菌室,如不进行人工降温,夏天室温可高达35~4℃.因此,在高温季节生产的腐乳质量差,有 相似文献
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臭豆腐是一种受人们喜爱的豆制品,具有“闻着臭、吃着香”的特殊风味.其制作方法如下:1 制坯 选用含水量为55%—60%的豆腐,用刀切成4.5厘米×4.5厘米×1.5厘米大小的腐乳坯块.以利于毛霉菌的生长即使其发酵更充分.2.发酵 将腐乳白坯立放在笼屉上,块与块之间保持3毫米距离,然后放入室内,在室温为20℃、相对湿度为90%的条件下,让其自然发酵.规模生产时可安排专门发酵室,并将笼屉叠放.叠放的笼屉每天要上下对调2—3次,以调节温度.一般春秋两季4—5天、冬季6—7天,白坯表面即长满棉絮状的白色茸毛,即前期发酵结束.有条件时,人工接种纯毛霉菌进行发酵,效果更好. 相似文献
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豆腐乳是我国人民喜爱的传统食品之一。它主要是以大豆为原料,经浸泡、磨浆、成坯、长霉、腌坯、发酵而成。过去老法生产,长霉过程是将豆腐坯放在稻草上,让其自然长霉或利用空气和木盘、簸箕上遗留的毛霉菌,在15℃左右生长繁殖,经7~15天培养,在豆腐坯上长满灰白色的菌丝体。以后改用纯种毛霉菌培养,长霉时间缩短至3天左右,减短了生产周期。由此看来,我国豆腐乳生产大都是利用毛霉菌(克 相似文献
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1、问:毛霉菌种移接培养一般应控制在多少度为宜?答:毛霉在无菌室或无菌箱移接之后,一般置于28±1℃恒温室或恒温箱内进行培养48~72h即可。2、问:前期发酵目的是什么?答:其目的主要是将毛霉菌接种于豆腐坯(白坯)表面,让其在豆腐坯表面充分生长繁殖,使其表面生长成一层白色细柔的菌膜,形成腐乳形状,其次在毛霉生长过程中分泌和积累酶系,主要是蛋白酶,以便蛋白质水解成多种氨基酸。3、问:腌制目的是什么?“腌煞坯”是怎样造成的?答:腌制主要是毛坯渗透盐分,析出水分,使坯身收缩变硬,在后发酵中不会过快酥烂。其次使咸坯中蛋白质水解缓慢及起… 相似文献
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Among 20 isolates of Mucor isolated from various environments in Jordan and found to produce a rennin-like acid protease, known as Mucor rennin-like enzyme (MRE), Mucor J20 was found to produce the highest level of MRE. The optimum incubation conditions for enzyme production in a fortified wheat bran mixture using solid-state fermentation were 3–4 days at 30°C. The highest MRE activity (185–200 rennin units or RU) was produced in a medium containing wheat bran and lentil straw (1 : 1 w/w) moistened with whey, and incubated in clay pots at 30°C for 4 days. A slightly lower activity value (178 RU) was found when using a mineral salt solution or distilled water instead of whey, or when using wheat bran alone with whey. At pH 4, the MRE retained its complete activity (100%) for 6 weeks at 5°C and 10°C, and for 3 and 2 weeks at 20°C and 30°C, respectively. After heating at 60°C for 10 min, the enzyme lost its activity at all pH levels used (pH 2–8). The crude extract of MRE was successfully applied in the manufacture of a cheese curd. 相似文献
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This article reports on the identification of mycoflora of 21 dry pet foods (12 belonging to dogs and 9 to cats) that corresponded to 8 commercial brands made in Argentina and imported. The isolation frequency and relative density of the prevalent fungal genera are compared too. Ten genera and fungi classified as Mycelia sterilia were identified. The predominant genera were Aspergillus (62%), Rhizopus (48%), and Mucor (38%). The most prevalent among Aspergillus was Aspergillus flavus followed by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. The predominant Mucor was Mucor racemosus followed by Mucor plumbeus and Mucor globosus. The moisture content of these foods ranged from 5.6 to 10.0% and from 7.2 to 9.9% for dog and cat foods, respectively. A greater moisture content in food for the senior category (9.5 +/- 0.2) was observed only in comparison to adult and kitten/puppy. If the moisture content can be maintained at these levels, mold growth would be prevented or at least it would remain at an insignificant level. Some genera and species isolated and identified from the foods analyzed are potentially producing toxins, which are known as mycotoxins. This involves a risk for animal health. 相似文献
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