米糠-硫酸直接浸锰工艺条件研究

以米糠及湘西软锰矿为原料,对米糠-硫酸直接浸锰制备硫酸锰的工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明,米糠-硫酸法浸锰的最佳工艺条件为:浸锰温度250℃,硫酸质量分数50%,浸锰时间75min,米糠用量为软锰矿粉质量的20%,硫酸用量为其理论用量的110%。按该工艺条件浸锰,锰的浸出率可达95%以上。该工艺具有能耗少、生产成本低、锰的浸出率高等优点,为软锰矿的开发利用开辟了一条新途径。     

木屑还原浸出低品位软锰矿制备硫酸锰工艺研究

对湖北某地低品位软锰矿还原浸出工艺进行了研究,利用当地丰富的农林资源,以木屑作为还原剂,在硫酸存在下还原浸出软锰矿,通过正交实验和单因素实验对浸锰工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明,该工艺使用添加剂,可较大程度提高浸锰速率,相关的浸出影响因素优化条件为:浸锰温度为90℃,硫酸质量分数为25%,浸锰时间为1.5 h,木屑和添加剂用量分别为软锰矿投加量的20%和2%(均为质量分数)。在此条件下,锰的浸出率可达98%以上,硫酸锰纯度达98.2%。     

木屑还原浸出低品位软锰矿制备硫酸锰工艺研究

对湖北某地低品位软锰矿还原浸出工艺进行了研究,利用当地丰富的农林资源,以木屑作为还原剂,在硫酸存在下还原浸出软锰矿,通过正交实验和单因素实验对浸锰工艺条件进行了研究.结果表明,该工艺使用添加剂,可较大程度提高浸锰速率,相关的浸出影响因素优化条件为:浸锰温度为90℃,硫酸质量分数为25%,浸锰时间为1.5 h,木屑和添加剂用量分别为软锰矿投加量的20%和2%(均为质量分数).在此条件下,锰的浸出率可达98%以上,硫酸锰纯度达98.2%.     

钛白废酸-软锰矿-硫铁矿制备高纯硫酸锰

研究以硫铁矿为还原剂,在钛白废酸中湿法还原软锰矿制备硫酸锰的工艺过程。探讨反应温度、反应时间、酸矿比和矿浆浓度等因素对硫酸锰浸出率的影响。实验结果表明：在反应温度为95 ℃、反应时间为2.5 h、硫铁矿与软锰矿（以锰计）的质量比为0.95～1.0、硫酸与软锰矿（以锰计）的质量比为1.30、矿浆质量分数为28%～30%的条件下,硫酸锰的浸出率达到95%以上。通过加入碳酸钙中和浸出溶液使其pH为5～6,以除去溶液中的铁、钛、铝等杂质;加入自制硫化锰以除去溶液中的重金属离子;加入二氟化锰以除去溶液中的钙镁离子等。所得溶液经陈化、过滤、浓缩和结晶后得高纯一水硫酸锰,产品纯度为99%以上。     

直接浸出低品位软锰矿制备硫酸锰工艺研究

采用广西钦州市低品位软锰矿-黄铁矿与硫酸直接浸取制备硫酸锰,以锰的浸出率为观察指标,研究液固比5∶1的浸出条件如时间、温度、硫酸用量、黄铁矿用量等工艺参数,同时研究中和反应条件和浓缩结晶条件对锰浸出率的影响。结果表明:将软锰矿150 g、黄铁矿60 g与98%硫酸110 mL直接浸取制备硫酸锰,在浸出时间为5 h、温度90℃、液固比5∶1、浸出率可达98.62%。另最佳中和条件为:中和剂(CaCO3)30 g、中和时间1 h、温度90℃、终点pH值5.4;最佳浓缩结晶温度在90℃左右,结晶后直接进行热过滤,使硫酸锰和溶液分离。     

蔗渣还原硫酸浸取低品位软锰矿工艺研究

以蔗渣作为还原剂,硫酸浸取低品位软锰矿制取硫酸锰。探究了锰矿和蔗渣的粒度、搅拌速度、蔗渣与锰矿质量比、硫酸浓度、反应温度、液固质量比、反应时间等因素对锰浸出率的影响。通过单因素实验得出浸取过程优化工艺条件为：蔗渣与软锰矿质量比为4∶1,硫酸初始质量分数为30%,反应温度为35 ℃,搅拌速度为650 r/min,液固质量比为40∶1,锰矿和蔗渣的粒度均为109～120 μm,反应时间为6 h。在此工艺条件下,锰浸出率达97%以上。     

低贫软锰矿浸出硫酸锰工艺条件的研究及应用

以低贫软锰矿浸出硫酸锰,探讨两矿质量比、矿酸质量比、温度、时间等因素对浸出率的影响。结果表明,最佳浸出工艺条件为:两矿质量比1∶0.90,矿酸质量比1∶1.5,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度95℃。在此条件下,浸出率达93%以上。     

二氧化硫浸锰制备高纯碳酸锰

采用湘潭低品位的贫软锰矿为原料，对二氧化硫气体湿法浸锰、浸出液除杂、碳化结晶制备高纯碳酸锰的工艺进行了研究。实验得到二氧化硫浸锰的最佳工艺条件为：浸锰温度150～155℃，液固质量比3：1，二氧化硫体积分数6％～7％、流速1．5～2．0mL／min，浸锰时间3．0～3．5h。按该条件浸锰，锰的浸出率可达95％以上。该工艺为贫软锰矿的开发利用及有色金属冶炼厂二氧化硫废气的综合治理开辟了一条新途径。     

贫软锰矿直接酸浸生产高纯碳酸锰的工艺研究

介绍了含锰量18%～20%的贫软锰矿、硫铁矿与硫酸反应直接浸取制备硫酸锰溶液,经深度净化后,再与天然净化碱卤合成制备高纯碳酸锰的工艺过程和技术条件,产品质量符合标准要求,锰的浸出率达到95%,总合成收率达到90%以上。     

软锰矿直接被钢铁酸洗液与硫酸浸出生产工业硫酸锰的工艺研究

介绍含锰量26%～34%的软锰矿、硫铁矿、钢铁酸洗液与硫酸直接浸出制备硫酸锰溶液,经过净化、浓缩、干燥制备工业硫酸锰.对其工艺过程和技术条件进行探讨,产品质量符合标准,锰的利用率在93%以上.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。