面向人素分析的虚拟维修系统的设计与实现

提高产品的维修性是当前产品开发的主要性能指标之一.在产品的维修性设计中,通过虚拟维修仿真过程的人素分析,可以有效地提高产品的维修性.据此,提出了一个面向人素分析的虚拟维修系统的结构框架,并基于虚拟人软件平台--Jack进行了系统实现.该系统可以在维修仿真过程中,控制虚拟人对虚拟样机进行维修操作,并进行在线分析和给出维修性的设计建议.以某型设备为例,对系统进行了实例验证.最后提出了进一步研究的工作.     

维修仿真中虚拟人动作数据库的研究与实现

通过在维修仿真中引入虚拟人技术,可以提高场景的逼真性、真实感,还有利于充分考虑人机工效学因素,这就要求实现对虚拟维修人员的动作控制与仿真。该文提出了一种基于过程分段和分层设计思想的虚拟人动作库,该动作库主要由动作层和动素层组成;基于位置／变迁Petri网设计并实现了动素层,基于面向对象的技术设计并实现了动作层,涵盖了绝大多数虚拟人执行维修操作的动作,基本满足了维修仿真的需求。最后,基于人体建模与仿真平台Jack,设计实现了一个电子舱的维修仿真实例,仿真和实验结果表明了所提方法简便易行,能够满足维修仿真的要求。     

虚拟手抓握动作的Petri网模型及其仿真实现

虚拟手的运动建模是三维人机交互研究中的一个关键问题.虚拟人在执行维修作业的过程中,不可避免地需要徒手抓握操作对象或维修工具.为此,该文提出了一种基于位置/变迁Petri网的虚拟人手抓握动作模型.该方法以关节化虚拟手的几何建模和关节约束分析为基础,描述了抓握动作的Petri网模型,通过仿真循环叠代和关节插值计算,实现关节链上各个关节的运动控制,并基于面向对象的技术设计实现了典型抓握动作.最后,基于人体建模与仿真软件Jack,设计并实现了一个虚拟手抓握动作的Petri网,仿真和实验结果表明所述方法简便易行,能够满足虚拟维修作业的要求.     

虚拟维修通用仿真软件系统的设计

针对目前装备维修保障的现状，基于高层三维图形开发环境，开发设计一套虚拟维修仿真系统，适用于各种装备的虚拟维修训练仿真。通过MultiGen Creator建立三维的装备实体模型，利用C＋＋编程，调用Vega API函数，开发仿真程序。从系统开发软件入手，给出了虚拟维修系统框架结构，并通过模型建立、虚拟人控制、程序控制实现和视景驱动控制进行虚拟维修系统的开发。通过对诸多方面进行逐步分析与设计，给出了进行虚拟维修训练开发关键技术解决方案，并将该方法成功应用于某型导弹的虚拟实验室。     

某型导弹虚拟训练系统中虚拟人运动控制的实现

从工程应用的角度,对某型导弹虚拟操作训练系统和DI-GUY人体仿真软件进行了介绍,对视景仿真软件ve-ga进行了介绍,提出了基于vega软件和DI-GUY软件的适合于该系统的虚拟人运动控制的应用方法,并在VC++集成开发环境中进行开发,并给出了明确的实现思路和实现结果,对每种方法的优点与不足进行了详细的剖析,开发了针对空间球控制虚拟人运动的控制函数,实现了在多线程机制下通过线程间通讯来实现虚拟人控制函数的设计方法。     

基于JACK的民机维修任务仿真及人机工效评估

在民用飞机产品的设计阶段考虑产品的可维修性,利用JACK软件对机务维修任务进行虚拟仿真以及对维修的舒适性、可达性、可视性进行人机工效评估,验证产品的可维修性并提出改进性的维修意见。首先将基于人机工效学设计的发动机UG模型导入JACK软件中创建分析对象;然后基于JACK建立虚拟人体模型,将虚拟人、维修对象导入三维虚拟环境中,并在任务仿真模块中完成维修任务的仿真;最后利用JACK软件的人机工效评估工具对维修任务仿真结果进行评估验证产品的可维修性及提出改进性的维修意见,这样既降低了飞机的维修成本,又验证了产品的可维修性。     

虚拟维修中虚拟人的动作模型设计

提出了一种基于维修任务分解的虚拟人动作模型设计方法,将虚拟维修任务分解为三个过程,建立了三个相应的维修动作层次化模型,阐述了维修动作的分类与设计,并将维修动作模型应用到了虚拟维修过程中.实验结果表明,基于维修任务分解的虚拟人动作模型可以有效地将虚拟人技术应用到虚拟维修中,大大提高了虚拟维修的逼真性.     

基于DIS的无人机虚拟维修训练系统设计

该文系统的介绍了基于分布交互仿真技术的某型无人机虚拟维修训练系统设计方案及联邦开发的整体思路,阐述了该系统实现的主要功能。就某型无人机虚拟维修训练系统的设计实例,基于高层体系结构HLA对系统结构进行仿真设计,采用Creator对联邦实体建模,结合动态视景仿真软件Vega进行环境与目标的驱动,使得动态视景仿真在一个实例的基础上有了明确而清晰的设计思路。     

基于参数化动作描述的虚拟维修过程仿真

在虚拟人执行维修动作的过程中,参数化动作描述起到了虚拟人动作和自 然语言维修指令之间的桥梁作用,是为了规范虚拟人执行维修任务动作。论文在参数化动作 描述和智能虚拟维修训练环境的基础上,构建了维修任务分解模型和动作库;以参数化动作 描述为基础,提出了用于3D 虚拟人维修动作仿真的虚拟维修实时执行层次结构。最后,通 过某型起落架维修任务对参数化动作和仿真架构可行性进行验证,结果表明,基于参数化动 作描述描述的动作库可以很方便的进行维修过程仿真。     

基于虚拟人的导弹维修演示训练系统设计

针对导弹实装维修训练所面临的难题,基于微机平台,提出了结合虚拟现实技术和虚拟人技术进行导弹维修演示训练系统开发,给出了系统的框架体系结构,详细介绍了系统的主要功能模块,基于DI_Guy软件,结合动画软件基于动作数据读取方式实现了虚拟人的复杂动作生成与控制.系统直观、形象,对于维修训练系统开发具有重要的参考价值.     

Performing ergonomics analyses through virtual interactive design: Validity and reliability assessment

Virtual interactive design methodology was initially proposed as an integrated environment for digital human model–based ergonomics analysis of human–machine interactions, which uses a motion capture system and virtual environment to realize task simulation. The validity and reliability of this analysis methodology has not been systematically studied. In this article, potential errors are first investigated based on the technology used in the system structure and work process; then, three experimental integration levels are proposed to use different resources for creating manikin postures. Validity and reliability to use this integrated environment for static ergonomics analysis are then assessed by comparing the ergonomics analysis outputs achieved based on the three integration levels. The results indicate that the reliability of this methodology is good; however, the validity of the integrated system is affected by the limitation of the virtual environment used in the testing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于国标人体测量学数据的虚拟人缩放方法

具有准确人体测量学数据的虚拟人模型在虚拟制造和虚拟维修领域有重要的理论和现实意义。此外,根据某些人体测量学数据,参照典型的人体模型生成特定的虚拟人,即实现人体模型的参数化控制,对于合理地进行人机功效分析也有重要的应用价值。该文在分析我国成年人体测量学数据标准的基础上,通过研究Jack软件中人体模型表示方法和人体测量学数据之间的映射关系,提出了一种基于人体测量学数据的人体模型动态缩放方法。利用该方法在Jack软件中建立了基于国标人体测量学数据的人体模型动态缩放子系统。     

Computerized task risk assessment using digital human modeling based Job Risk Classification Model

Different from the classical ergonomics analysis, Virtual Interactive Design methodology relies on manikin movements in virtual environment. This platform has been implemented by researchers to accomplish static ergonomic analyses including Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, NIOSH lifting equation and Static Strength Prediction. However, considering only static posture information limits the capacity of ergonomics analysis. In this study, the methodology of performing dynamic ergonomics analysis based on this Virtual Interactive Design platform is proposed. This environment allows velocity and angular velocity of specified body segments/joints calculated for designed tasks to be used to assess the corresponding risk levels based on Job Risk Classification Model. The motion calculation is completed based on the captured interaction between human participants and virtual workplace/mockup. To evaluate the validity and reliability of this upgraded platform, potential errors are analyzed by comparing outputs from several designed experimental conditions.     

基于LabVIEW的辨识仿真实验平台

论文介绍了用LabVIEW软件设计一种新的辨识仿真实验平台的原理、方法及其结构和功能特点。文中所开发的实验平台是集软件、硬件一体，能实现实时采样、数据处理、辨识、仿真等功能的实验系统。LabVIEW是开发虚拟仪器的一个常用软件。通过LabVIEW设计了程序的主要逻辑流程、与实际系统的硬件I／O接口和辨识仿真平台的用户界面；利用MATLAB语言设计辨识、仿真算法；并设计了远程访问等功能。利用该平台所作实验、仿真和分析结果证明了该平台是进行辨识实验研究的一种实用有效的工具，可供给工程研究和教学实验之用。     

Virtual environments and ergonomics: needs and opportunities

Although based on a still immature technology, virtual environments appear to have potential for applications in industry, commerce, medicine and education. The role of ergonomics will be in development of improved virtual environment interfaces and in enabling better utilization of the technology through specifying user needs and requirements and developing evaluation methodologies. By extension, ergonomists will also be involved in building virtual environments for use in areas of ergonomics activity such as workplace layout, interface design, procedures testing, education and training. This paper overviews virtual environment attributes and capabilities and proposes a framework for their specification, development and evaluation, before summarizing current ergonomics research issues. Current work on participant side effects is summarized. A strong case is made for the potential value of ergonomics for virtual environments and vice versa.     

A method for integrating ergonomics analysis into maintainability design in a virtual environment

Designers must consider human factors/ergonomics when making decisions from the perspective of maintainability. As an important aspect of maintainability, maintenance space should be made adequate at the design stage to achieve a convenient maintenance process. A maintenance space evaluation method that considers ergonomics is proposed in this study. By comparing free swept volumes and constrained swept volumes in a virtual environment, maintenance space could be evaluated quantitatively and objectively. The results of the evaluation are obtained by combining the principles of ergonomics and maintainability. These results can help designers improve product design such that it fits ergonomics and maintainability requirements. A case study is introduced at the end of this paper to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in efficiently evaluating the maintenance space based on the layout design of the product components in the design stage.Relevant to industryFor a large number of disasters caused by human errors in current industry, the result of this study contributes a guide to fully consider human factors in maintainability design through virtual environment and is beneficial to designers and engineers of industrial application fields.     

大型产品虚拟装配环境的视点漫游技术

针对大型产品虚拟装配环境中的场景漫游问题,提出一种简单且高效的视点运动 控制策略。以认知心理学和人机工程学理论为指导,首先建立人手作业空间,然后对作业空间 进行功能划分,分为对象操作区和视点漫游区,最后在功能分区的基础上建立人手运动感知与 视点运动控制的映射模型。通过实验证明,操作者对大型产品进行虚拟装配的过程中,可以轻 松地利用该方法实现场景漫游,进而实现虚拟环境中对象操作和场景漫游的无缝集成。     

Hyper-V虚拟交换机VLAN的配置分析

Windows Server 2012中的Hyper-V 3.0是微软推出的虚拟化产品,不需要第三方软件,就可以提供虚拟机、虚拟交换机功能,在业界得到了普遍应用。文章从虚拟交换机架构、类型以及外部虚拟交换机的VLAN的应用等三个方面对Hyper-V的虚拟交换机进行了原理性分析,并对外部虚拟交换机的VLAN配置应用进行了实例分析。为实际环境中正确应用虚拟交换机组网提供了理论和实践参考。     

A collaborative Design for Usability approach supported by Virtual Reality and a Multi-Agent System embedded in a PLM environment

This paper details a collaborative workstation design approach integrating knowledge based on engineering process, using a Multi-Agent System (MAS) on a Virtual Reality (VR) platform. The MAS supports R&D teams to extract and re-use engineering knowledge so as to improve their efficiency in developing new products. Our research targets the development of a knowledge engineering system integrated into a PLM-Product Life cycle Management-environment linked with virtual reality tools. A PLM is a strategic business approach with a consistent set of methodologies and software solutions. It is meant to promote collaborative creation, management, delivery and proper use of this life cycle definition and information product in multinational companies. This system is used by engineers to carry out projects in a collective way while conveying a defined process. The MAS allows capitalization, and to annotate knowledge according to the actions of the designers inside a PLM environment. Then, this knowledge is used by VR tools to analyze various aspects of the virtual prototype such as manufacturing, maintenance, reliability or ergonomics. Consequently, we use expert knowledge to pilot the design process of a virtual prototype inside a three-dimensional immersive virtual reality platform. In this context, our paper describes our knowledge management approach applied to improve ergonomics and collaborative design in industrial areas.     

虚拟现实在AUV运动控制研究中的应用

基于软件平台Vega和Creator开发出AUV循迹航行的视景仿真系统。研究了虚拟现实技术和AUV循迹控制相结合的技术，文中详细描述了其硬件系统的组成、系统软件的选择、模型的建立、虚拟海洋环境的生成，以及应用软件的设计与实现。仿真结果表明，该系统能逼真的演示出AUV循迹航行的全过程，并能满足不同情况下的仿真需要。