Experimental Investigation of Solar Chimney Power Plant

The paper investigated the performance of a solar chimney, by measuring the chimney air temperature and velocity. A short solar chimney prototype was designed and constructed at Botswana Technology Center. A wind turbine was installed to rotate a small DC generator. Temperatures and velocities were measured at different times of the day with thermocouples and hotwire anemometer, respectively. Irradiance was measured with pyranometer. A Delta-T data logger was used to store data at intervals of 30 s. Various graphs depicting the influence of irradiance on temperature, velocity and power have been plotted. Irradiance was found to affect the chimney temperature and subsequently affects chimney air velocity and power produced. Ambient air （wind） velocity was found to have influence on the performance of the solar chimney by increasing chimney air velocity.     

小型天然气发动机热电联产装置的开发与可行性

简要介绍了气体燃料发动机驱动热电联产系统的结构组成,分析了国外在类似产品开发过程中所遵循的技术路线,在此基础上概要阐述了机组开发中需解决的关键问题。     

热电厂热电负荷分配方法的研究

针对热电厂对外供应２种不等价的能量－热能和电能的特点,根据热量法的原则,通过将供热机组的发电分解为热化发电和凝汽发电,经过理论推导得出了热电厂、电负荷分配的数学模型,将热电厂复杂的热电负荷分配简化为相对独立的热负荷分别进行分配,并给出了具体分配方法和应用实例。     

太阳能喷射式电冷联供系统的性能分析

提出了一种新型太阳能热有机物喷射式电冷联供系统,并建立了相应的热力学模型.在此基础上,选取R245fa作为工质,采用Matlab软件对系统进行了仿真计算,分析了发生温度、冷凝温度、蒸发温度、涡轮膨胀比及太阳辐照度对系统性能的影响.结果表明:在太阳辐照度为800 W/m2的条件下,在57.3 m2的集热面积上可以获得2.03 kW的净发电功率和2.85 kW的制冷功率,完全能满足普通家庭的日常用电和制冷;提高发生温度、提高蒸发温度、降低冷凝温度或增加太阳辐照度均有利于提高系统的工作性能;提高涡轮膨胀比可以提高系统的电冷比.     

联产制冷的能效性能探讨

利用汽轮机抽汽作为吸收式制冷驱动热源的联产制冷，将供电、制冷有机结合在一起，不仅满足制冷要求也改善联产机组效率。通过引入抽汽yong增益概念，揭示了汽轮机抽汽特性规律，在此基础上从联产制冷目的yong效率角度比较了几种制冷方式，分析了汽轮机抽汽参数和相对内效率等因素对联产制冷能效性能影响规律，抽汽的yong增益比是联产制冷yong效率影响起决定作用的因素，所得结论对联产制冷吸收机的合理选用匹配提供有益的指导。     

Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Cooling/Power Cogeneration Ejector Refrigeration System

The organic Rankine cycle is introduced into the conventional ejector refrigeration(CER)system to establish the low-grade heat-driven cooling/power cogeneration...     

热电厂热负荷预测的神经网络模型

提供了一种基于改进的ＢＰ网络－合成ＰＢ网络的热电厂热负荷预测模型,并对网络结构的构造方法及拟合精度进行了讨论,实际预测结果表明,基于合成了ＢＰ网络的预测模型能很好地实现对热电厂热负荷的预测。     

Soft Computing based Optimization of Cogeneration Plant with Different Load Demands

Thermal modeling and optimal design of a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) generation system are presented in this paper. A new procedure for simultaneous selection of the type (gas engine, diesel, gas turbine) and number of available prime movers (PMs) in a market, selecting PMs partial load, selecting the heating capacity of backup boiler as well as selecting the cooling capacity of electrical and absorption chillers available in the market are presented. A genetic algorithm (GA) with discrete and continuous decision variables is applied to select the equipment for the CCHP system by maximizing the actual annual benefit (AAB) as the objective function. The optimization problem is carried out for 1000 alternative states for electricity, cooling, and heating (E‐Q‐H) loads in the range of 500 kW to 5000 kW to investigate the effect of E‐Q‐H loads. Moreover, the optimization is performed at two SELL and NO‐SELL modes. In the former case is the sale of the excess electricity to the network is allowed and in the latter one, it was not allowed to sell the excess electricity to the grid. A correlation in terms of E‐Q‐H loads is obtained to specify the effect of E‐Q‐H loads on optimum AAB values in SELL and NO‐SELL modes. Using these correlations, designers can predict the maximum accessible AAB for any electricity, cooling, and heating loads in the above specified range.     

白涛热电联产工程发电机空冷器冷却水改造

中小型常规火力发电厂的冷却水一般采用循环水,对用水量较大的设备如汽机冷油器、发电机空冷器等亦采用循环水冷却。发电机空冷器能否正常工作关系到发电机能否正常运行。就重庆白涛化工园区热电联产新建工程发电机空冷器采用循环水冷却出现的问题进行分析并提出解决办法,可为其它类似工程设计提供借鉴。     

建设燃气热电联产机组替代燃煤小热电的必要性

以《张家港市热电联产规划（2011～2015）》为蓝本,从发展燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联产、减少环境污染、节能减排入手,解读了张家港市热电联产实施方案及改善电源结构,走绿色电网可持续发展之路.通过分析张家港市的地区供热和电网现状、电力平衡,得出远期热负荷增加明显的片区是主城片区和城北片区.在对新增热负荷预测的基础上,提出整合主城片区现有热源点,关停供热覆盖范围内小锅炉,依托华兴电力有限公司建设2台F级400MW燃气热电联产机组,替代主城片区燃煤小热电是可行、合理的.这对满足地区可持续发展需要和节能减排,具有重要意义.     

供热机组-海水淡化联产系统的经济性分析

针对供热机组-海水淡化联产系统的特点,应用循环函数法、等效焓降法和汽轮机变工况分析理论,建立了计算分析矩阵模型,得出了用于海水淡化的抽汽对供热机组发电和供热两方面以及制水成本影响的计算分析方法.研究结果表明,增加夏季供热负荷用于海水淡化,能够增加供热机组的发电热效率和热能利用率,同时降低海水淡化的成本;采用制水电耗率（ELWP）比采用传统的造水比（GOR）指标更能够准确地评价海水淡化系统热性能;该水电联产系统能够提高热电机组的能源利用效率,有效解决沿海地区火电厂的缺水问题.图3表1参7     

南京热电厂5号锅炉技术改造

南京热电厂5号炉长期存在锅炉效率偏低等问题。由于原来汽机额定负荷为110 MW,锅炉负荷一直未超过355 t/h。在机组出力提高至135 MW的同时,锅炉出力必须恢复到400 t/h。为提高锅炉运行的安全性和经济性,决定对5号炉进行一整套的技术改造。改造前后试验结果表明:5号炉技术改造大大提高了锅炉运行的经济性和安全性。5号炉技术改造的成功经验可以为同类型机组技术改造提供参考依据。     

中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置的火用性能分析

建立了恒温热源内可逆中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置模型,基于火用分析的观点,用有限时间热力学理论和方法研究了装置的性能,导出了无量纲火用输出率和火用效率的解析式。讨论了总压比给定和总压比变化两种情形,优化了中间压比和总压比,通过数值计算分析了回热度、中冷度和高温侧热源温度与环境温度之比等参数对装置一般性能和最优性能的影响,研究了火用输出率和火用效率之间的关系,其特性关系为扭叶型。最后发现分别存在最佳的用户侧温度使火用输出率和火用效率取得双重最大值。     

冷管型太阳能制冷系统

太阳能吸附式制冷作为一种绿色环保型的制冷技术具有良好的应用前景。本文分析了一种吸附床可直接吸收太阳能的、自身完成集热与制冷的玻璃管型太阳能吸附式制冷管,并介绍了以该冷管为基础的太阳能制冷系统。     

被动式太阳房的降温研究

通风的目的是保证室内良好的空气品质,采用自然通风方式是生态建筑设计的重要内容,自然通风形成的室内热环境有利于人体舒适性.太阳能烟囱管能强化房间的自然通风,可以有效地改善室内的空气品质和室内热环境,但尚未达到舒适的温度.     

基于热电厂的热电冷三联产技术及评价标准

论述以原有热电厂为基础建立的热电冷联供系统的可行性、经济性和节能效率。该系统对城市局的自有热网建设有所裨益,并能满足社会需求。经济分析证明,采用高参数的锅炉和汽轮机更具优势。     

Solar Powered Cascading Cogeneration Cycle with ORC and Adsorption Technology for Electricity and Refrigeration

As a renewable source, solar energy has received more and more attention in recent years. Solar energy can readily provide heat efficiently within the temperature range of 70–100°C. For the utilization of this energy source, a cascading cycle was designed and was discussed. An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and an adsorption refrigeration cycle were combined to provide the first- and second-stage energy conversion cycle, respectively. In the analysis, R600 was used as the working fluid for the ORC and a silica gel–water working pair was analyzed for the adsorption refrigeration cycle. The energy efficiency for electrical generation and refrigeration, as well as the exergy efficiency of the cascading cycle, was assessed. For an environmental temperature of 30°C and a refrigeration temperature of 12°C, the results showed that typically 1 kW of electricity and 6.3 kW of refrigeration could be generated from approximately 15 kW heating power. The electricity generation efficiency was between 0.1 and 0.15, while the refrigeration coefficient of performance was approximately 0.8. The exergy efficiency was found to be between 0.84 and 0.89 and between 0.32 and 0.46 for the single ORC and adsorption refrigeration cycle, respectively. The overall exergy efficiency was between 0.56 and 0.74.     

燃气内燃机和吸附制冷机组成的冷热电三联供系统

对一种微型楼宇冷热电三联供系统进行了技术经济分析．该系统由小型燃气发动机和热水驱动的吸附制冷机组成．为了提高系统的热电输出比，系统设置了一电热泵．分析了该系统在不同负荷率（PLR）下的一次能源利用效率（PER），确定了高效运行的参数范围；比较分析了该系统在不同热电输出比、热水输出比条件下的节能性；并通过一实例对系统的经济性进行了分析．研究表明，该系统具有宽广的热电输出比、较高的总能利用率和经济可行性，适合小型商业场所和家庭使用，图5表2参9     

基于质量单元的联产机组热电分摊算法

运用工程热力学基本原理,以联产电厂热力系统为研究对象,通过对热力循环特性的详细分析,将其划分为不同的质量单元.建立了主辅循环各质量单元的单元进水系数通用矩阵方程,对联产电厂中循环间的功率、流量和热量的分配关系进行了分析,揭示了联产抽汽循环中热、电存在的实质.经数学推演建立了基于质量单元的联产电厂热、电分摊和联产产品热力成本的计算模型,并对某国产600WM抽凝机组进行实例计算,说明该计算方法简单实用,计算结果可信.     

太阳能制冷与供暖系统的设计与比较

根据上海的气候条件，以上海地区某写字楼为对象，提出4种太阳能驱动的溴化锂吸收式与电动蒸汽压缩式热泵联合制冷与供暖系统。这4种系统分别由热管式真空管集热器或抛物面槽形聚光集热器，单效或双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机，以及风冷热泵或水源热泵构成。分析比较这4种系统的节能型和经济性的结果表明，采用抛物面槽形聚光集热器＋双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机＋风冷热泵组成的系统，同时具备较好的节能性与经济性，一次能源利用率可降低约50％。