NtC3H基因对烟草类黄酮及绿原酸合成的影响

为验证NtC3H是否参与烟草中类黄酮和绿原酸等次生代谢物质的合成,构建了pCXSN::NtC3H超量表达载体,利用农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法将NtC3H基因转入野生型烟草三生烟,并通过HPLC检测转基因烟草中绿原酸以及芦丁、山奈酚芸香苷等类黄酮的含量变化。结果显示,与野生型三生烟草相比,转基因烟草叶片中绿原酸及芦丁的含量最高,分别提高了3.6倍和6.1倍,山奈酚芸香苷含量提高了24.6倍。研究结果证实了NtC3H基因参与烟草中类黄酮和绿原酸等次生代谢物质的合成。     

烟草HQT基因超量表达对次生代谢物质一咖啡酰奎尼酸和黄酮醇合成的影响

  背景和目的  一咖啡酰奎尼酸（CQAs）和黄酮醇是植物重要的苯丙烷类次生代谢物质,对人体健康有益,然而在烟叶中含量甚微。  方法  NtHQT是烟草中调控一咖啡酰奎尼酸合成最后一步的一种酰基转移酶,为验证NtHQT是否参与黄酮醇的合成,本研究构建了pCXSN::NtHQT超量表达载体,转化野生烟草三生烟。  结果  转基因烟叶中一咖啡酰奎尼酸的含量最高可提高10.34倍,芦丁和山奈酚芸香糖苷含量最高可分别提高17.83和16.97倍,而生长表型与野生型烟草没有明显差异。  结论  NtHQT基因在不影响烟草的生长发育的前提下,不仅参与调控一咖啡酰奎尼酸的合成,也具有正向调控黄酮醇的生物合成的功能,提高烟叶中芦丁和山奈酚芸香糖苷含量。      

转OjDREB基因提高烟草耐盐能力的研究

利用农杆菌介导法将沿阶草OjDREB基因转入烟草植株中.通过RT-PCR检测,获得转OjDREB基因的烟草植株.以400 mmol/L NaC1处理转基因烟草植株和野生型对照10 d后,结果显示:转基因烟草体内叶绿素含量和SOD酶活性是野生型对照的16.98倍和1.91倍;体内的MDA含量和电解质渗透率分别是野生型对照的59.23％和55.07％,说明过量表达OjDREB基因可以提高烟草的耐盐能力.     

干旱胁迫对转BnDREB1-5烟草碳氮代谢和渗透调节物质的影响

在干旱胁迫后检测了转BnDREB1-5基因烟草碳氮代谢指标和渗透调节物质的变化。结果表明,干旱胁迫后转基因烟草碳代谢指标淀粉酶活性、转化酶活性和可溶性糖含量都明显升高,野生型烟草淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量稍微升高,转化酶活性反而降低;转基因烟草氮代谢指标硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量稍微下降,而野生型烟草两者都明显降低;转基因烟叶中有BADH活性,干旱胁迫后BADH活性升高,而野生型烟草中检测不到BADH活性;干旱胁迫后转基因烟叶中脯氨酸含量是野生型的1.08倍。因此,干旱胁迫后转基因烟草碳氮代谢、防御酶活性等方面明显优于野生型。     

烟草重要基因篇:14.烟草类黄酮合成相关基因

类黄酮是烟草中普遍存在的多酚化合物,是烟草重要的致香前体物质,其合成代谢是烟草香气物质形成的重要途径。对近年来烟草类黄酮合成相关基因的研究进展进行了综述,并展望了其在烟草中调控重要基因表达和提高烟叶品质中的应用潜力。     

烟草中异源表达番茄HQT基因对多酚物质合成的影响

羟基肉桂酰辅酶A：奎尼酸羟基肉桂酰转移酶（Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA：quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase,HQT）是催化茄科植物咖啡酰奎尼酸生物合成最后一步的关键酶。为培育富含多酚物质的烟草,提高烟草品质,通过克隆番茄HQT基因,构建P35S：：SlHQT超量表达载体,在野生型三生烟草（SS）中异源表达,利用高效液相色谱技术（HPLC）及液质联用（LC-MS/MS）技术对转基因烟草叶片中一咖啡酰奎尼酸及黄酮醇含量进行检测,探究SlHQT基因对三生烟草一咖啡酰奎尼酸及黄酮醇物质合成的影响。结果显示,转SlHQT烟草叶片中一咖啡酰奎尼酸总含量最高可提高14.98倍,芦丁和山奈酚芸香糖苷含量最高可分别提高11.47和9.32倍,且生长表型与野生型烟草没有明显差异;转SlHQT基因烟草叶片中有4种（1-CQA,3-CQA,4-CQA,5-CQA）一咖啡酰奎尼酸,野生型烟草叶片中只检测到3种（3-CQA,4-CQA,5-CQA）。SlHQT基因在烟草中的异源表达促进了1-CQA的生物合成且提高了一咖啡酰奎尼酸总含量,同时增加了黄酮醇的生物合成。     

NtPHGPx基因过表达和敲除对烟草苗期耐盐性的影响

为研究NtPHGPx基因对烟草耐盐性的影响,通过转基因技术获得NtPHGPx基因过表达和CRISPR/Cas9敲除材料,利用150 mmol/L NaCl对转基因材料处理14 d,研究盐处理下转基因材料根长、GPx酶活性、丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量的变化。结果表明,NtPHGPx基因表达在盐胁迫3 h后即受到诱导;盐处理显著抑制了野生型烟草根部的生长,提高了丙二醛和过氧化氢的积累;盐胁迫下过表达株系的根长比野生型更长,MDA和H₂O₂含量较低,而基因敲除材料根的生长则进一步受到抑制,GPx酶活性明显降低,地上部MDA和H₂O₂的积累显著高于野生型。综上所述,过表达NtPHGPx基因提高了烟草的耐盐性,而敲除NtPHGPx基因则减弱了烟草的耐盐性,推测NtPHGPx基因可能通过影响烟草体内活性氧物质的清除活性参与植株对盐害的胁迫响应。     

烟草CHS基因RNA干扰载体的构建及其遗传转化

类黄酮化合物是烟草香气形成的重要前体物质,其形成需要多个调控基因的参与,查尔酮合成酶基因(CHS)是类黄酮物质合成途径中的关键基因,它的突变或沉默可能影响香气物质的形成。为了探讨CHS基因的下调表达对烟草香气的影响以及为选育优良的高香气品种提供技术,采用GATEWAY技术经BP反应和LR反应将CHS基因片段重组到表达载体pH7GWIWG2(I)上,成功构建了具有反向重复序列的CHS基因的RNAi表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导法转染烟草‘大白筋599’,以期为研究CHS基因在烟叶香气物质方面的作用奠定基础。经过鉴定,获得24株阳性转基因‘大白筋599’。     

转TaW基因提高烟草的耐盐性

TaW基因是从小麦的cDNA文库中克隆获得的ERF类转录因子,含有一个AP2/ERF保守域。将TaW基因构建在由组成型CaMV35S强启动子控制的双子叶转化载体pBI121上,通过农杆菌介导法将其转入烟草W38。以转TaW基因烟草为材料,研究TaW基因对烟草耐盐性的影响,测定盐胁迫下转基因烟草离体叶片的叶绿素含量,并观察转基因烟草T2代植株在盐胁迫培养基上的生长情况。结果显示,转基因烟草叶片的叶绿素含量明显高于对照,转基因烟草在盐胁迫培养基上的生长情况明显好于野生型植株,从而说明TaW基因的过表达提高了烟草的耐盐性,为烟草抗逆性育种的分子改良提供了依据。     

烟草CYP82E4v1基因调控降烟碱的生物合成

为明确烟草烟碱去甲基酶基因CYP82E4v1在降烟碱生物合成中的调控作用,通过农杆菌介导,将含CYP82E4v1超量表达的植物表达载体pLF-35S-CYP和干涉表达的植物表达载体pLF-35S-CYPi分别遗传转化烟草品种K326,共获得转基因植株61株,其中超量表达植株42株,干涉表达植株19株。HPLC测定表明,超量表达植株降烟碱含量比对照烟草品种K326高88.9%,而干涉表达植株降烟碱含量比对照烟草低61.1%,表明CYP82E4v1的超量表达能提高烟草降烟碱含量,该基因的表达受到抑制时降烟碱合成受阻。Real-Time PCR分析结果表明,超量表达植株中CYP82E4v1基因的表达为对照烟草的20倍以上,在干涉表达植株中其表达量仅为对照烟草的6%。同时,在干涉表达植株中其他降烟碱合成基因,如CYP82E5v2和CYP82E10等也受到不同程度的抑制。此外,在构建植物表达载体时,引入衰老基因SAG12启动子驱动重组酶基因FLP的"Gene-deletor"表达元件,在烟草叶片发育后期以清除转基因植株中外源GUS∷NPT II基因,从而获得了降烟碱含量低且不含筛选标记基因的转基因烟草植株。     

Growth hormone and fertility in oMt1a-oGH transgenic mice

Female mice carrying a regulatable growth hormone transgene (oMt1a-oGH) are subfertile when the transgene is actively expressed. This study was designed to characterize subfertility caused by increased concentrations of growth hormone. In particular, this study aimed to: (i) determine the effects of transgene activation and inactivation on mating, conception, maintenance of pregnancy, ovulation rate, litter characteristics and embryonic survival at day 17 of pregnancy, (ii) characterize oestrous cyclicity in transgenic versus wild-type female mice, and (iii) correlate corticosterone concentrations with transgene expression and reproductive performance. Transgenic and wild-type female mice were allocated randomly to one of four treatment groups at weaning: (i) transgenic female mice that always express the transgene, (ii) transgenic female mice that never express the transgene, (iii) transgenic female mice that express the transgene for up to 8 weeks of age and (iv) non-transgenic wild-type female mice receiving the transgene stimulus until 8 weeks of age. Activation followed by inactivation of the transgene resulted in an increased incidence of remating, resulting in an extended interval to establish pregnancy in comparison with all other treatment groups. Transgenic mice that always expressed the transgene and those that expressed the transgene for up to 8 weeks of age had lower pregnancy rates and higher ovulation rates compared with mice from other treatment groups. Both embryonic survival and the duration of the oestrous cycle did not differ among treatment groups. Active expression of the transgene resulted in an increase in the plasma concentration of corticosterone, which was associated with reduced fertility. These data indicate that the presence of a high growth hormone concentration impedes the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Increased plasma corticosterone concentrations may interfere with implantation as well as potentiate leptin resistance, which has been reported previously in studies with these mice.     

Degradation of low molecular weight volatile organic compounds by plants genetically modified with mammalian cytochrome P450 2E1

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is a key enzyme in the mammalian metabolism of several low molecular weight volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as trichloroethylene (TCE), vinyl chloride (VC), carbon tetrachloride (CT), benzene, chloroform, and bromodichloromethane (BDCM), which are all common environmental pollutants that pose risks to human health. We have developed a transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthii) that expresses CYP2E1 with increased activity toward TCE and ethylene dibromide. In experiments with tobacco plant cuttings exposed to VOCs in small hydroponic vessels, the transgenic tobacco had greatly increased rates of removal of TCE, VC, CT, benzene, toluene, chloroform, and BDCM, compared to wild-type or vector control tobacco, but not of perchloroethylene or 1,1,1-trichloroethane.     

fps转基因烤烟类胡萝卜素及其降解产物的研究

为探索法呢基焦磷酸合酶(fps)对烤烟中类胡萝卜素及其降解产物的影响,利用常规和GS/MS方法,对转fps基因烟草株系(K-4、K-6、K-17、K-35)烤后烟叶中类胡萝卜素含量及萜烯类香气物质含量进行了分析,结果发现,烤后烟叶类胡萝卜素含量有较大差异,与未转基因对照相比普遍有所提高,其中K-35含量最高;8种类胡萝卜素降解产物及茄酮、新植二烯含量有不同程度的提高,其中K-35香气降解产物含量整体较高,表明外源fps基因在烟草中的表达对类胡萝卜素合成具有促进作用,从而有利于烟叶品质的提高。     

Improved polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production in transgenic tobacco by enhancing translation efficiency of bacterial PHB biosynthetic genes

Polyhydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] was produced in the transgenic tobacco harboring the genes encoding acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaB) and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaC) from Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator) with optimized codon usage for expression in tobacco. P(3HB) contents in the transformants (0.2mg/g dry cell weight in average) harboring the codon-optimized phaB gene was twofold higher than the control transformants harboring the wild-type phaB gene. The immunodetection revealed an increased production of PhaB in leaves, indicating that the enhanced expression of PhaB was effective to increase P(3HB) production in tobacco. In contrast, codon-optimization of the phaC gene exhibited no apparent effect on P(3HB) production. This result suggests that the efficiency of PhaB-catalyzed reaction contributed to the flux toward P(3HB) biosynthesis in tobacco leaves.     

HAL1基因转化烟草提高烟叶含钾量研究

提取酿酒酵母总RNA进行RT-PCR反转录,根据HAL1基因(GeneID:856113)序列设计阅读框引物,对反转录产物进行PCR扩增,并进行全序列测定,构建筛选标记为带内含子的Km抗性基因的植物双元表达载体,经根癌农杆菌介导法将HAL1基因导入烟草品种龙江911和K326中,进行卡那霉素抗性筛选、GUS染色、目的基因扩增和HAL1基因mRNA荧光定量PCR检测,并对T1代各转化烟草材料烟叶含钾量进行化验分析。测序结果证实PCR扩增得到的DNA与酿酒酵母HAL1基因序列相同,获得抗卡那霉素、GUS阳性的转化植株12株。经PCR扩增检测证实HAL1基因已整合入转基因烟草的基因组,荧光定量PCR分析结果表明HAL1基因已在烟苗根系表达,烟叶含钾量化验结果证明HAL1基因可使烟叶含钾量提高30%。