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为明确适宜吉安烟区规模化繁殖烟蚜茧蜂(Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed)的烟蚜[Myzus persicae(Sulzer)]寄主植物,比较了3种寄主植物(烟草、油菜和小白菜)上烟蚜的日产仔量、发育历期、繁殖量、被寄生率及烟蚜茧蜂羽化率。结果表明:小白菜上烟蚜的日产仔量略高于烟草和油菜,但差异不显著。在烟蚜发育前期,各处理间烟蚜发育历期差异不明显,但在烟蚜发育中后期差异较为显著,整体以烟草饲喂的烟蚜发育历期最短。在接蚜后12 d,烟蚜在不同寄主植物上的繁殖量表现出明显差异,烟草上蚜虫的繁殖数量最多、增长速度最快。烟草上烟蚜的被寄生率显著高于油菜和小白菜,不同寄主植物上烟蚜茧蜂的羽化率差异不显著。 相似文献
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烟蚜重寄生蜂种群动态初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
系统调查了烟田和繁蜂棚内烟蚜重寄生蜂的种类、数量组成和种群变动。结果表明,烟蚜重寄生蜂有蚜虫宽缘金小蜂、宽肩阿莎金小蜂和合沟细蜂3种。在烟田,重寄生蜂出现的时间较烟蚜茧蜂滞后25 d,但高峰期仅相差约5 d,这种在时间上滞后、数量上跟随紧密的效应是制约烟蚜茧蜂种群数量的重要因素之一。在全年繁蜂的繁蜂棚内,重寄生率最高达65.0%,烟蚜茧蜂的羽化率还不到1.0%,而在田间简易繁蜂棚内,重寄生率不超过10.0%。且均以接蜂后7~21 d内烟蚜茧蜂羽化率为最高,而重寄生率以接蜂后7~14 d的最低。因此,人工繁殖烟蚜茧蜂时,建议在田间繁蜂棚内进行短期的繁蜂,即以接蜂后7~14 d为最佳繁蜂周期。 相似文献
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烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的选择性寄生及雌蜂年龄对后代性别的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
烟蚜茧蜂寄生烟蚜后对烟蚜的产仔量和寿命影响较大,一龄若蚜至成蚜被寄生后的平均产仔量分别下降100.0%、97.3%、95.9%、92.7%、89.5%,平均寿命分别缩短65.6%、58.9%、57.9%、49.4%、38.3%;在各龄烟蚜数量比相同,雌蜂与烟蚜比为1:100的条件下,烟蚜茧蜂对二龄、三龄烟蚜有较强的嗜好性,这种嗜好性与雌蜂年龄无关;羽化并交配过的烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂,在前5 d内产卵寄生烟蚜,其后代的雌雄比大于1,寄主烟蚜的龄期对烟蚜茧蜂后代性别的影响不大。 相似文献
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亳州烟田生物种群动态与群落结构的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究表明,亳州烟区常见的烟草害虫有8科8种,害虫的天敌有5科5种,其中烟蚜、烟青虫和斑须蝽为主要害虫;烟蚜茧蜂是烟蚜的重要天敌,对控制烟蚜种群增长作用明显。烟田生物群落的多样性指数越大,稳定性指数亦越大;6月上旬田间生物群落的多样性、稳定性指数均为最高,是抵抗外界干扰能力和恢复原状态的最佳期。烟蚜是聚集分布时,烟蚜茧蜂、龟纹瓢虫等几种常见天敌在田间的水平分布格局也为聚集分布,从而提高了对害虫的综合控制作用,通过建立烟蚜、烟蚜茧蜂种群增长模型,揭示了其种群消长与时间变动的关系。 相似文献
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为了筛选对烟蚜茧蜂安全性高的药剂并明确烟田常用杀虫剂对烟蚜茧蜂保护酶的影响,测定了3种烟田常用杀虫剂对烟蚜茧蜂成虫的毒力以及不同浓度的吡虫啉对烟蚜茧蜂成虫体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,杀虫剂对烟蚜茧蜂成虫的毒力大小顺序为:啶虫脒 > 高效氯氟氰菊酯 > 吡虫啉;从不同浓度的吡虫啉对烟蚜茧蜂生命活动和防御机制的影响来看,除LC10浓度吡虫啉促进烟蚜茧蜂成虫体内POD活性提高和3个浓度处理后12 h成虫CAT活性显著提高外,其余处理浓度和时间对3种酶的活性呈现抑制作用。此结果为探明烟蚜茧蜂对杀虫剂的防御机制提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), is an important stored-product insect pest. In the present study, the external morphologies and distribution of the sensilla on the antenna and mouthparts of L. serricorne were described following scanning electron microscopy with the aim of understanding the behavioral mechanisms of this insect pest. On the antennae, various sensilla types were identified: Böhm bristles, three basiconic sensillum subtypes, two chaetica sensillum subtypes, three styloconic sensillum subtypes, as well as trichodea, capitulum, and campaniform sensilla. Interestingly, campaniform sensilla and two subtypes of styloconic sensilla (St1 and St2) were reported for the first time on L. serricorne antennae. The mouthparts of L. serricorne carried six different sensory structures including chaetica, basiconic, styloconic, auricillic, and trichodea sensilla, as well as long macrotubercles. Two subtypes of chaetica sensilla were recorded on the labrum, mandibles, and maxillary and labial palpi. A basiconic sensillum subtype (BS3) was distributed on the galea and lacinia, while subtype BS2 was also found on the lacinia along with long fan-like macrotubercles, which are hypothesized to help clean the area of the preoral cavity directly below the base of the labrum. Auricillic sensilla were also found on the galea. The labial palpi showed three subtypes of basiconic sensilla (BS3, BS4, BS5), whereas the maxillary palpi bears BS4, and BS5. Styloconic sensilla were also found at the top of the maxillary and labial palpi. Blunt basiconic (BS6) and trichodea sensilla were found on a tongue-shaped structure (pharynx) situated entirely at the midline of the preoral cavity. These findings improve understanding of the sensory perception of an important insect pest and could help to develop suitable control methods. 相似文献
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