Co-P nanoparticles supported on dandelion-like CNTs-Ni foam composite carrier as a novel catalyst for hydrogen generation from NaBH4 methanolysis

We used the chemical vapor deposition method to prepare dandelion-like CNTs-Ni foam composite carrier, and then the electroless plating method was used to deposit Co-P nanoparticles on the CNTs of the CNTs-Ni foam. The CNTs-Ni foam and Co-P/CNTs-Ni foam were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, XPS, and EDS. The results showed that CNTs were uniformly and densely grown in situ on the surface of Ni foam and were further successfully coated with Co-P nanoparticles. The Co-P/CNTs-Ni foam catalysts still maintained the dandelion-like structure and reached a maximum hydrogen production rate of 2430 mL min⁻¹ g⁻¹ at 25 °C. Furthermore, the Co-P/CNTs-Ni foam catalysts also exhibit a remarkable cycling performance and low activation energy (49.94 kJ mol⁻¹) for the methanolysis of sodium borohydride.     

PDMA cryogel beads as a catalyst for hydrogen generation from NaBH4 alcoholysis

Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] cryogel beads were prepared under cryogenic conditions via free radical polymerization and used as a catalyst in the production hydrogen (H₂) from NaBH₄ by alcoholysis. The efficiency of the catalyst was investigated in the range of 0–40 °C by both methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis reactions, and its reuse was tested. Accordingly, it was observed that the methanolysis reaction was faster than the ethylene glycolysis reaction. When the hydrogen generation rate (HGR) values between 0 and 40 °C were compared, it was concluded that the methanolysis reaction rate increased from 1550 to 4800 mL.min⁻¹g⁻¹ and the ethylene glycolysis reaction rate increased from 923 to 3551 mL.min⁻¹g⁻¹. In the alcoholysis reaction catalyzed by PDMA cryogel beads, the activation energy was calculated as 19.34 and 22.77 kJ.mol⁻¹ for the methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis reactions, respectively. After six repetitions, the catalyst activity was calculated over 50% for NaBH₄ methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis.     

Chitosan coated cellulose cotton fibers as catalyst for the H2 production from NaBH4 methanolysis

Cellulose cotton fibers (CF) are coated with chitosan (CH) by simple, economic, and environmental friendly method. The CFs are kept in aqueous acetic acid solution to protonate the fibers before coated with CH solution (1.5% w/v in acetic acid aqueous solution (20% v/v)), represented as CF-A-CH. These materials are characterized by ATR-FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM and EDS which shows the successful coating of the CH on the CF surface. The prepared materials are exploited as an effective catalyst for the production of hydrogen (H₂) from NaBH₄ methanolysis reaction. In addition, other polymers (gelatin and agarose) and surfactants (brij-56, pluronic F-127 and urea) as well as CH in solution form are testified as catalyst for NaBH₄ methanolysis reaction. High generation rate (8 times) and increase in amount of H₂ (150 mL) is observe using only 50 μL CH solution. Furthermore, influences of various constraints, which affect the H₂ production, like catalyst types, catalyst amount, NaBH₄ amount, effect of temperature are also explored. A low activation energy (Ea), almost 14.41 ± 0.46 kJ mol⁻¹ is calculated for NaBH₄ methanolysis reaction in presence of CF-A-CH at temperature range 0 °C - 45 °C. Moreover, the catalyst reusability is also analyzed and no decline in percent conversion is found, whereas a little reduction in percent performance is detected after every cycle and only 18% lost is observed in its percent activity after completion of five successive cycles.     

CeO2 supported multimetallic nano materials as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4

Nowadays, there is still no suitable method to store large amounts of energy. Hydrogen can be stored physically in carbon nanotubes or chemically in the form of hydride. In this study, sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) was used as the source of hydrogen. However, an inexpensive and useful catalyst (Co–Cr–B/CeO₂) was synthesized using the NaBH₄ reduction method and its property was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements. The optimized Co–Cr–B/CeO₂ catalyst exhibited an excellent hydrogen generation rate (9182 mLg_metal⁻¹min⁻¹) and low activation energy (35.52 kJ mol⁻¹). The strong catalytic performance of the Co–Cr–B/CeO₂ catalyst is thought to be based on the synergistic effect between multimetallic nanoparticles and the effective charge transfer interactions between the metal and the support material.     

Enhanced H2 generation from NaBH4 hydrolysis and methanolysis by cellulose micro-fibrous cottons as metal templated catalyst

A simple, fast, economic and environmental friendly method has been developed for the preparation of high active metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in the cellulose microfibers of cotton (CFC). The CFCs are kept in aqueous solutions of metal salts to adsorb metal ions. The CFC templated with metal ions are then treated with aqueous solution of NaBH₄ for the reduction of metal ions into nano zero-valent metal nanoparticles (nZV-MNPs). The CFC loaded with nZV-MNPs are characterized by XRD, XPS, ATR-FTIR and FE-SEM, which indicates the successful synthesis of nZV-MNPs over the surface of CFC (M@CFC). The M@CFC are utilized as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen generation from the methanolysis/hydrolysis of NaBH₄. The Cu@CFC showed better catalytic performance for the hydrolysis of NaBH₄, whereas Ag@CFC catalytic performance were much better than the other loaded MNPs for the methanolysis reaction of NaBH₄. Effects of different parameters, which affecting the H₂ generation, like type of MNPs, amount of the catalyst, amount of NaBH₄, temperature and addition of chitosan (CH) polymer are also investigated. A very low activation energy (Ea), approximately 20.11 ± 0.12 kJ mol^?1 for methanolysis reaction of NaBH₄ is calculated at temperature range 22–40 °C. Besides, a very high H₂ generation obtained in presence of 10, 50, or 100 μL CH solution (2 wt% CH in 20% v/v aqueous acetic acid) in addition to 50 mg of Ag@CFC catalyst at 22 °C and 1000 rpm. Moreover, the reusability of the catalyst is performed and found no decrease in percent conversion, whereas percent activity decreases 35% after four cycles.     

Boron nitride supported NiCoP nanoparticles as noble metal-free catalyst for highly efficient hydrogen generation from ammonia borane

Herein, ternary metal phosphides NiCoP nanoparticles supported on porous hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was fabricated via hydrothermal-phosphorization strategy. The as-prepared Ni_0.8Co_1.2P@h-BN exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the hydrogen generation from ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis, with an initial turnover frequency of 86.5 mol(H₂) mol(Ni_0.8Co_1.2P) ⁻¹ min⁻¹ at 298 K. The experimental outcome can be attributed to the synergistic effect between Ni, Co and P, as well as the strong metal-support interaction between NiCoP and h-BN. This study presents a new paradigm for supporting transition metal phosphides, and provides a new avenue to develop high performance and low cost non noble metal catalysts for hydrolysis of AB.     

Poly(acrylic acid)-modified silica nanoparticles as a nonmetal catalyst for NaBH4 methanolysis

In the present work, a SiO₂@PAA catalyst for NaBH₄ methanolysis composed of silica nanoparticles modified with poly(acrylic acid) has been developed. The morphology and composition of the prepared SiO₂@PAA catalyst were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. This catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance for methanolysis of NaBH₄. The NaBH₄ methanolysis reaction catalyzed by SiO₂@PAA showed an average hydrogen generation rate 5.5 times as high as the reaction catalyzed by unmodified SiO₂ and 10.6 times as high as the uncatalyzed reaction, respectively. The activation energy for methanolysis of NaBH₄ catalyzed by this SiO₂@PAA catalyst was 24.03 kJ/mol. Moreover, although the catalytic activity of SiO₂@PAA catalyst partially lost after being used, it could be restored after being regenerated by washing with diluted hydrochloric acid solution.     

Phosphorus and oxygen doped carbon-based on Spirulina microalgae as efficient metal-free catalysts to obtain H2 from methanolysis of NaBH4

Metal-free catalysts (SP–KOH–P) doped phosphorus and oxygen as a result of modification with H₃PO₄ to the surface of the activated carbon sample (SP–KOH) obtained by activation of KOH with Spirulina microalgae were used to obtain hydrogen (H₂) from methanolysis of NaBH₄. The characteristic structure of SP-KOH-P and SP-KOH metal-free catalysts were examined by XRD, TEM, elemental analysis, FTIR, and ICP-MS. The effects of the amount of catalyst, NaBH₄ concentration, reusability, and temperature on H₂ production rate from NaBH₄ methanolysis reaction were investigated. The hydrogen production rate (HGR) obtained with 25 mg SP-KOH-P was found to be 19,500 mL min^?1 g^?1. The activation energy (Ea) value of SP-KOH-P metal-free catalyst sample was calculated as 38.79 kJ mol^?1.     

Ceria supported ruthenium nanoparticles: Remarkable catalyst for H2 evolution from dimethylamine borane

Ceria supported ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru⁰/CeO₂) are synthesized by impregnation of Ru³⁺ ions on CeO₂ powders followed by sodium borohydride reduction of Ru³⁺/CeO₂. Their characterization was achieved using analytical methods including TEM, XRD, BET, SEM, and XPS. All the results reveal the formation of ruthenium(0) nanoparticles in 1.8 ± 0.3 nm size on CeO₂ support. Ru⁰/CeO₂ nanoparticles show high activity in catalyzing the H₂ evolution from dimethylamine borane (DMAB). Ru⁰/CeO₂ nanoparticles with 0.55% wt Ru provide the highest turnover frequency (812 h⁻¹) for releasing H₂ from DMAB at 60 °C and a total of 2500 turnovers before deactivation. High activity of Ru⁰/CeO₂ nanoparticles for catalytic dehydrogenation of DMAB is attributable to the reducible nature of CeO₂ support. Ce³⁺ defects formation in ceria under reducing conditions of dehydrogenation causes accumulation of negative charge on the oxide support, which makes oxide surface attractive for the ruthenium(0) nanoparticles. This, in turn, causes an enhancement in the metal-support interaction and thus in catalytic activity. The XPS analysis of bare ceria and Ru⁰/CeO₂ demonstrates the increase in the concentration of Ce³⁺ defects after catalysis. Ru⁰/CeO₂ nanoparticles are also reusable catalyst for H₂ evolution from DMAB retaining 40% of initial activity after 4th run of reaction. The catalytic activity of Ru⁰/CeO₂ nanoparticles and activation energy of catalytic dehydrogenation are compared with those of the other ruthenium based catalysts known in literature.     

Poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) based microgels catalyst system to be used in hydrolysis and methanolysis of NaBH4 for H2 generation

The poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) (p(AEM)) microgels were synthesized by microemulsion polymerization technique and used for in situ metal nanoparticle preparation to render as p(AEM)-M (M: Co or Ni) microgel composites and were used in p(AEM) based poly ionic liquid (PIL) microgels. Next, these p(AEM)) based microgel materials were used as catalysts for hydrogen (H₂) production from both hydrolysis and methanolysis reactions of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). It was found that the catalytic hydrolysis of the NaBH₄ reaction, catalyzed by p(AEM)-Co microgel composite was completed in 140 min, whereas the methanolysis of NaBH₄ methanolysis catalyzed by the PIL of p(AEM)⁺Cl⁻ microgels was completed in 5 min both with 250 ± 2 mL H₂ production. Furthermore, p(AEM)-Co microgel composite catalysts maintained 80% catalytic activity after 5 consecutive uses in NaBH₄ hydrolysis. On the other hand, p(AEM)⁺Cl⁻ microgels were found to afford more than 50% catalytic activity even after 20 repetitive use in NaBH₄ methanolysis due to superior regeneration ability. Moreover, activation energy values for p(AEM)-Co microgel composites catalyzed NaBH₄ hydrolysis reaction were calculated as 38.9 kJ/mol in comparison to 37.3 kJ/mol activation energy of p(AEM)⁺Cl⁻ microgel catalyzed methanolysis reaction.     

A novel cost-effective catalyst from orange peel waste protonated with phosphoric acid for hydrogen generation from methanolysis of NaBH4

In this study, orange peel (OP), one of the organic wastes, was first used as a metal-free catalyst for the production of hydrogen from sodium boron hydride (NaBH₄). In order to prepare an orange peel catalyst (OP–H₃PO₄-Cat) with the best catalytic activity, experiments were carried out on pure orange peel with different acid types, different burning temperatures and different burning times. As a result of these experiments, it was determined that OP-H₃PO₄-Cat treated with 30% H₃PO₄ and burned at 400 °C for 45 min had the best catalytic activity. The OP-H₃PO₄-Cat material was characterised by several techniques such as FTIR, XRD and SEM. As a result, the hydrogen generation rates (HGR) at 30 °C and 60 °C in the methanolysis reaction of 2.5% NaBH₄ catalysed by OP-H₃PO₄-Cat were found as 45,244 and 61,892 mLmin^?1g.cat^?1, respectively. The activation energy of OP-H₃PO₄-Cat catalyst was calculated as 12.47 kJmol^-1.     

Effective TiO2 supported Cu-Complex catalyst in NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction to hydrogen generation

This paper reports the experimental results on using TiO₂ based Cu(II)-Schiff Base complex catalyst for hydrolysis of NaBH₄. In the presence of Cu-Schiff Base complex which we reported in advance [1] and with titanium dioxide supports a novel catalyst named TiO₂ supported 4-4′-Methylenbis (2,6-diethyl)aniline-3,5-di-tert-buthylsalisylaldimine-Cu complex is prepared, successfully. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Analysis (BET) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The as prepared catalyst was employed to generate hydrogen through hydrolysis reaction of NaBH₄. Effects of different parameters (e.g. amount of Cu-Schiff Base complex in all catalyst, percentage of NaBH₄, percentage of NaOH, amount of TiO₂ supported Cu-Schiff Base complex catalyst and different temperatures) are also investigated. A high apparent activation energy (Ea), 25,196 kJ.mol^-1 is calculated for hydrolysis of NaBH₄ at 20–50 °C. Hydrogen generation rate was 14,020 mL H₂/g_cat.min and 22,071 mL H₂/g_cat.min in order of 30 °C and 50 °C.     

Ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized in montmorillonite used as catalyst for methanolysis of ammonia borane

Ammonia borane (AB) is an intriguing molecular crystal material with extremely high hydrogen density. In the present study, we prepared ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles immobilized in montmorillonite (MMT) and examine its catalytic effect on the methanolysis reaction of AB. The Ru/MMT catalyst was prepared by cation-exchange method followed by hydrogen reduction at elevated temperatures. Property examinations found that the Ru/MMT catalyst was highly effective and robust for promoting the methanolysis reaction of AB. For example, the methanolysis system employing Ru/MMT catalyst exhibited an average hydrogen generation rate of 29 L min⁻¹ g⁻¹ (Ru). The catalyst at its twentieth usage retained 95% of its initial activity and ensured 100% conversion of AB. Kinetics studies found that the methanolysis reaction of AB employing Ru/MMT catalyst follows first-order kinetics with respect to AB concentration and catalyst amount, respectively.     

Tungsten(VI) oxide supported rhodium(0) nanoparticles; highly efficient catalyst for H2 production from dimethylamine borane

It reports the preparation and characterization of tungsten(VI) oxide supported rhodium(0) nanoparticles (Rh⁰/WO₃ NPs) being used as catalysts in releasing H₂ from dimethylamine borane (DMAB). The reducible nature of WO₃ plays a significant role in the catalytic efficiency of rhodium(0) nanoparticles in the dehydrogenation of DMAB. The Rh⁰/WO₃ NPs were in-situ generated from the reduction of Rh²⁺ ions on the surface of WO₃ during the catalytic dehydrogenation of dimethylamine borane in toluene and isolated from the reaction solution after the dehydrogenation to be characterized by using SEM, TEM, XPS, ATR-IR and XRD. The results reveal the formation of Rh⁰ NPs with a mean particle size of 1.92 ± 0.34 nm dispersed on the surface of tungsten(VI) oxide. Rh⁰/WO₃ NPs are found to be very active catalyst releasing 1.0 equiv. H₂ per mole of dimethylamine borane under ambient conditions. Among the various WO₃ supported Rh⁰ NPs with different metal loadings, the sample with 0.1% wt. Rh provide the record catalytic activity (TOF = 2816 h^?1) which is one of the highest value ever reported for rhodium-based catalysts in H₂ generation from DMAB at 60.0 ± 0.5 °C. Rh⁰/WO₃ NPs were also reusable catalyst in dehydrogenation of DMAB retaining 55% of their initial catalytic activity in the 3rd run of the dehydrogenation reaction. Control experiments were performed at various catalyst concentrations and temperatures to investigate the kinetics of dehydrogenation and to calculate the activation parameters for the reaction.     

PVP-stabilized platinum nanoparticles supported on modified silica spheres as efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of ammonia borane

Ammonia borane (AB) is considered to be a promising solid hydrogen carrier. In this work, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP)-protected platinum nanoparticles are supported on γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) modified silica spheres (Pt-PVP/SiO₂(M)), which are firstly used as highly efficient catalysts for hydrolysis of AB. Platinum nanoparticles possess a tiny size of 2–3 nm and are uniformly dispersed over modified silica spheres. Pt-PVP/SiO₂(M) catalysts with a Pt loading amount of 1.30 wt% show the highest catalytic activity with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 371 mol_H2 mol_Pt^?1 min^?1 (866 mol_H2 mol_Pt^?1 min^?1 corrected for the surface atoms) at 25 °C. The activation energy is calculated to be 46.2 kJ/mol. Furthermore, owing to the synergistic effect between the modifier of silica spheres and the capping agent of metal nanoparticles, Pt-PVP/SiO₂(M) catalysts have a higher loading amount (8.7 and 6.5 times) and TOF value (4.8 and 5.5 times) than the counterparts prepared without γ-MPS and PVP, respectively.     

Cobalt nanoparticles supported on magnetic core-shell structured carbon as a highly efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation from NaBH4 hydrolysis

A novel recyclable cobalt nanocatalyst, supported on magnetic carbon with core-shell structure, was successfully synthesized by using wetness impregnation-chemical reduction method for hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of NaBH₄. The resultant nanocomposite was characterized to determine the structural and physical-chemical properties by a series of analytical techniques such as FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), etc. The results demonstrated that amorphous cobalt nanoparticles were homogeneously surrounded on the surface of the support due to having abundant hydrophilic groups (such as aldehyde and hydroxyl groups) on the surface of carbon layer for the effective immobilization of metal ions. The supported catalyst showed superior catalytic performance towards the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH₄ at room temperature. The total rate of hydrogen generation and activation energy were calculated to be 1403 ml H₂ g_cat^?1 min^?1 and 49.2 kJ mol^?1, respectively, which were comparable to the values of most cobalt-based catalyst reported for hydrogen production from hydrolysis of NaBH₄. Additionally, reusability test revealed that the hydrogen in NaBH₄ substrate could be completely released within 25 min with a minimum hydrogen generation rate of 832 ml H₂ g_cat^?1 min^?1 even after five runs of hydrolytic reaction, implying the as-prepared Co/Fe₃O₄@C composite could be considered as a promising candidate catalyst for portable hydrogen fuel system such as PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cells).     

Poly (acrylic acid)/polysaccharides IPN derived metal free catalyst for rapid hydrogen generation via NaBH4 methanolysis

Polymeric catalysts have displayed great performance for catalytic hydrogen generation. However, the reported metal free polymeric catalysts for NaBH₄ methanolysis are mainly limited to coating strategy where the catalytic activity fade after few cycles. Herein, we report an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) strategy for rapid and highly recyclable NaBH₄ catalytic methanolysis to produce hydrogen (H₂) gas. In this study, we prepared poly(acrylic acid)/polysaccharide IPN via Pickering tempted polymerization. The hydrogen generation performance was studied employing different parameters where maximum HGR of 8182 mL H₂ min^?1 g^?1 of CAP. The activation energy Ea, enthalpy and entropy were calculated to be 62.99 kJ mol^?1, 32.25 kJ mol and ?130.92 J mol K^?1, respectively. Above all, CAP kept cyclic performance to 100% even at the 7th cycle. We confirmed the reproducibility of approach with other natural polysaccharides. This was due to strong chain entanglement of IPN synthesis which forces the active sites to stay in place during cyclic catalysis reaction. Thus, the IPN strategy ensures longer catalyst life for catalytic methanolysis of NaBH₄ for H₂ generation.     

Metal-free catalyst fabrication by incorporating oxygen groups on the surface of the carbonaceous sample and efficient hydrogen production from NaBH4 methanolysis

In the present study, metal-free catalysts for efficient H₂ generation from NaBH₄ methanolysis was produced for the first time from apricot kernel shells with two-step activation. The first stage of the two-stage activation includes the production of activated carbon with the KOH agent (AKOH), and the second stage includes hydrothermally HNO₃ activation with oxygen doping (O doped AKOH + N). The hydrogen production rate (HGR) and the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction with the obtained metal-free catalyst (10 mg) were determined as 14,444 ml min^?1 g^?1 and 7.86 kJ mol^?1, respectively. The structural and physical-chemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), elemental CHNS analysis, FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and nitrogen adsorption analysis. Also, the reusability results of this metal-free catalyst for H₂ production are promising.     

ZnO thin films,surface embedded with biologically derived Ag/Au nanoparticles,for efficient photoelectrochemical splitting of water

ZnO thin films, showing nano-ridges at the surface and the top layer embedded with metal (Ag/Au) nanoparticles (MNP), were obtained by sol-gel synthesis, using zinc acetate dihydrate [(CH₃.COO)₂Zn.2H₂O] as precursor. The method involved prior synthesis of Ag and Au nanoparticles via biological reduction of AgNO₃ and HAuCl₄, respectively, using algae Spirulina platensis. The XRD analysis indicated dominant evolution of wurtzite ZnO phase. Low-angle shift in peaks, seen with nanoparticles embedded films, indicated partial diffusion of metals into ZnO lattice. Band gap energy was least affected and lied in the expected range. AFM and SEM analysis revealed the surface topography and morphology, while EDX analysis confirmed the elemental stoichiometry and existence of Ag/Au nanoparticles in samples. Significant gain in photoelectrochemical current using MNP embedded films is largely accountable to the improvement in electrical conductance and the role played by metal nanoparticles in charge-carrier separation, collection and transport.     

Hierarchical flower-like CoS2-MoS2 heterostructure spheres as efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

Electrochemical water splitting technique requires high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts to obtain large-scale hydrogen production for resolving the impending energy and environmental crisis. Herein, hierarchical flower-like CoS₂-MoS₂ heterostructure hybrid spheres grown on carbon cloth (CoS₂-MoS₂/CC) were prepared by sulfuring wheel-shaped polyoxometalate {Co₂₀Mo₁₆}. The as-prepared CoS₂-MoS₂/CC as bifunctional electrocatalyst manifests excellent alkaline oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution activities with low overpotentials of 240 mV for OER and 60 mV for HER at 10 mA cm^?2, respectively. When assembled as two-electrode cell, CoS₂-MoS₂/CC delivers an extremely low cell-voltage of 1.52 V at 10 mA cm^?2 accompanied with remarkable long-term durability. Additionally, CoS₂-MoS₂/CC exhibits favorable overall-water-splitting performance in simulated seawater. The superior performance of CoS₂-MoS₂/CC should be ascribed to the optimized intrinsic electron structure via electron transfer from MoS₂ to CoS₂ along with the synergistic effect of well-exposed heterostructure interfaces and favorable diffusion channels. This work offers a practical strategy for exploring high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.