Nd—Fe—B永磁材料的粉末注射成型技术

粉末注射成型技术制备Nd-Fe-B稀土永磁体可以较好地解决Nd-Fe-B磁材的难加工问题，直接制备出具有最终形状的磁体，目前该技术已引起了世界先进的高度重视，其发展及产业化速度非常迅速，本重点介绍了目前采用的几种粉末注射成型用Nd-Fe-B磁粉的制备方法，分析了各种方法及粉末的特点；讨论了粘结剂，改性剂及磁场取向对注射成型Nd-Fe-B粘结磁体和烧结磁体最终磁性能的影响；指出了注射成型Nd-Fe-B磁体的现在和潜在的应用市场，在此基础上，指出了今后开展工作的方向并展望了其发展前景。     

声化学法与放电等离子烧结制备Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe纳米晶复合磁体

采用声化学法制备Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe型双相包覆磁粉，再经放电等离子烧结（SPS）制备成致密块状磁体．研究了不同α-Fe包覆含量对复合磁体磁性能及微观结构的影响．结果表明，声化学法可以制备均匀混和的双相纳米磁粉，α-Fe纳米粉均匀的包覆在硬磁相颗粒周围．烧结后的各向同性磁体有明显的剩磁增强，具有较高的磁性能．当α-Fe包覆量为2％（体积分数）时，磁体性能最佳，其（BH）max值为148．64kJ/m^3．     

烧结Nd—Fe—B取向度的研究

提出了一种用普通Ｘ射线衍射谱定量测量烧结Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ磁体取向度的简单易行的新方法,并与用１０－１２Ｔ强脉冲磁测量的Ｂｒ／Ｊｓ和（Ｂｒ∥－Ｂｒ）／Ｂｒ∥值进行了比较。为提高在金属模压工艺条件下的取向度,应加大取向外磁场或者采取减小磁粉与模具之间摩擦力的措施。     

热压热变形纳米晶钕铁硼磁体微观结构研究(英文)

利用MQ-C快淬粉末并结合热压热变形技术制得致密的各向异性纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体,并研究了磁体磁性能及微观结构的变化。结果表明,热变形后磁体呈现较强的c轴取向,磁体磁性能大幅增大;快淬磁粉颗粒在热压过程中沿压力方向规则堆垛,而热变形后,粉末颗粒形状与晶粒变化趋势相同,呈现沿垂直于压力方向拉长;热变形后,磁体中仍有大量未取向的超大颗粒存在,能谱分析表明其Nd含量要高于周围取向晶粒。     

添加润滑剂对烧结钕铁硼磁体性能的影响

研究了烧结钕铁硼永磁材料的粉末流动性及添加润滑剂对粉末流动性与磁体取向度和磁性能的影响.结果表明:影响松装状态磁粉流动性的主要因素是粉末颗粒团聚,影响密实磁粉流动性的主要因素是颗粒间的摩擦力.添加适量的润滑剂可以防止粉末颗粒团聚、明显地减小摩擦力,改善粉末流动性,提高磁体的取向度、剩磁与磁能积.采用添加润滑剂和橡皮模等静压制成型工艺,批量生产的烧结钕铁硼磁体性能达到:Br=1.457 T,jHc=1148 kA/m(14.43 kOe),(BH)max=408 kJ/m3(51.3 MGOe).     

注射成形粘结Nd-Fe-N/Nd-Fe-B复合磁体的研究

对注射成形粘结Nd-Fe-N/Nd-Fe-B复合磁体及其复合效应进行了深入的研究,以制备满足市场所需的粘结磁体并扩大Nd-Fe-N的应用.实验结果表明:随着Nd-Fe-B磁粉的加入,复合磁体的抗压强度虽略有降低,但其磁性能及热稳定性均有大幅度改善.特别是由于Nd-Fe-B磁粉对弥散其周围的 Nd-Fe-N磁粉产生了一较强的静磁场作用,使得复合磁体呈现明显的剩磁增强效应.     

球磨诱发α-Fe粉与间苯二胺混合物的固相反应

研究了球磨α－Fe粉末与间苯二胺混合时发生的固相反应以及铁氮化物的形成机理，在球磨过程中，随着球磨时间的延长α－Fe粉末与间苯二胺混合发生的相变为α－Fe→α′－Fe(N)→ε-F2-3N,球磨250h后，可得到含有11．53％N（质量分子）的过饱和ε－Fe2-3N相，它在512℃以下是稳定的，其饱和磁化强度为814.4emu/g，剩磁为33.8emu/g，矫顽力为16.3kA/m.与固－气反应相比，用固－固反应制备ε－Fe2-3N相的效率更高。     

柠檬酸盐溶胶—凝胶法合成α—Li4Zn（PO4）2及其离子导电性

采用柠檬酸盐溶胶－凝胶法合成了生成温度较固相合成低的多的纯相α－Ｌｉ４Ｚｎ（ＰＯ４）２（Ｌ２ＺＰ）离子导体,并对合成材料进行了ＤＴＡ,ＴＧ,ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ等表征,确证合成材料为纯相α－Ｌｉ４Ｚｎ（ＰＯ４）２,探讨了不同烧结温度对粉末颗粒度的影响。实验结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,颗粒间发生团聚,粒径逐渐增大,电导率且逐渐减小。     

Al—Fe—V—Si（Nd）合金纳米晶粉末的制备及相转变的研究

利用机械合金化方法制备Al-Fe-V-Si(Nd)合金粉末,球磨状态下得到合金粉末由铝固溶体组成,经适当的热处理后,得到α-A112(Fe,V)2Si粒子弥散分布的合金末,加入稀土后,合金粉末的组织得到细化,并出现非晶化的趋势。利用DNMA方法可以直接得到具有α－Al13(Fe,V)3Si粒子弥散分布的合金粉末,并观察到α－Al13(Fe,V)3Si 转变为准晶的现象,从而证实了准晶相与αAl13(Fe,V)3Si之间的强烈关联性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备无机复合膜催化材料

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）、硝酸铁和银酸铵为原料,用溶胶－凝胶法制备了Fe－Si－O和Mo－O溶胶,通过浸渍－提拉法,分别制得了Fe－Si－O薄膜（以载玻片为基板）和MO－Fe－Si－O薄膜（以多孔α－Al₂O₃为基质材料）．考察了制备工艺条件对Fe－Si－O成膜的影响,采用DTA、XRD和SEM等技术研究了热处理条件对Mo－Fe－Si－O薄膜结构的影响．结果表明：溶胶粘度、衬底材质、浸渍时间、提拉速度等是影响Fe－Si－O成膜的主要因素;溶胶－凝胶法制备的Mo－Fe－Si－O／α－Al₂O₃无机复合膜热处理温度达到650℃以上,即能形成比较明显的结晶相,薄膜经高温焙烧（700℃）－冷却反复5次,膜表面没有出现剥离和开裂现象．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.