Brazeability of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with Al-Si-20Cu-based filler metals

The bond strength of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy brazed with Al-12Si, Al-9.6Si-20Cu, and Al-7Si-20Cu-2Sn filer metals at a low temperature of 550°C is evaluated. The fractography of these brazements after tensile tests was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that joints with good integrity can be produced with Al-7Si-20Cu-2Sn filler metal because it can be used in a temperature range of 504 to 526 °C, about 70 °C lower than the traditional Al-12Si filler metal. It was shown that joints of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy as the base metal, when brazed at 550 °C for 60 min using this new filler metal and ward, and after being subjected to a T6 treatment, possessed a high bonding strength of about 121 Mpa.     

Sn改性Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料的微观组织和力学性能

采用自制Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Sn钎料钎焊TA2钛合金,研究了不同Sn元素含量改性Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料的熔化特性、微观组织及物相、润湿及熔蚀性、接头拉伸强度。研究表明,Sn含量增加,Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Sn钎料固、液相线温度基本升高,但温度差值基本变窄,可更好地抑制钎焊界面脆性化合物形成。Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-5Sn钎料组织由Ti、Zr基体和晶体相构成,Sn倾向与Ti、Zr结合形成Ti₂Sn₃、Ti₆Sn₅、Zr₅Sn₃等低熔点共晶相。Sn≤1.5%时,随Sn含量增加,钎料对TA2钛合金的润湿性逐渐变差;继续增加Sn,钎料润湿性改善,添加5%Sn的钎料对基体润湿最佳。添加5%Sn并降低Cu、Ni总量的改性钎料对TA2钛合金熔蚀减弱。相同钎焊工艺下,添加5%Sn接头的强度和塑性均有提升。钎焊温度升高,Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料产生更多强化物相,致接头强度大幅提升,而Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-5Sn钎料产生的含Sn物相强化作用对接头强度提升有限;相...     

SiC纳米线对Ni-Cr-P钎料及Ni-Cr-P/Q235焊点组织与性能影响

采用具有优良高温强度、高热导率、高耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能的SiC纳米线为Ni-Cr-P钎料的添加物,研究了钎料/焊点的组织与性能。结果表明,钎料的组织由Ni(Cr)固溶体、Ni₃P固溶体以及Ni(Cr)和Ni₃P共晶组织组成,微量的SiC纳米线可以显著细化基体组织,使焊点抗剪切强度提高29.6%。SiC纳米线的添加使钎料的熔化温度提高约4℃,显著促进钎料在Q235基板表面的润湿性,增幅达到12.5%。然而,过量添加SiC纳米线会显著粗化基体组织,降低钎料的润湿性和焊点的抗剪切强度。在不同SiC含量的Ni-Cr-P钎料中,Ni-Cr-P-0.1SiC钎料/焊点具有明显的优越性。     

Al-Si-Cu-Ni低熔点钎料中合金元素含量对接头强度的影响

以Cu,Ni作为主要的添加元素，通过正交试验的方法研究了合金元素Cu,Ni,Si对接头剪切强度的影响。同时，利用扫描电镜对各钎料的显微组织进行了分析。研究结果表明，对剪切强度的影响程度由Si,Ni到Cu依次减弱。且随着合金元素Si,Ni,Cu含量的增大。其接头剪切强度先增大后降低。     

Yb元素对BAg30硬钎料及焊点组织与性能的影响

研究了Yb元素对Ag30-Cu-Zn-Sn（BAg30）钎料热性能、润湿性和微观组织的影响,分析了焊点的剪切强度和断口形貌,优化了钎料组分。结果表明,BAg30钎料添加1%（质量分数,下同）Yb后可以显著降低钎料液相线-固相线差值,促进钎料在钢基板表面的润湿性,细化微观组织。然而,当Yb添加量超过1%后,过量的Yb元素会降低钎料的性能,粗化微观组织。通过焊点剪切测试,BAg30-1% Yb钎料的焊点抗剪切强度和断裂形貌表现出明显的优越性,抗剪切强度相较于BAg30钎料焊点明显提高,断口形貌出现均匀细小的韧窝,表现为韧性断裂机制。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSiCu_(10-10) filler meter brazing 6063 aluminum alloy

AlSiCu_(10-10) flame brazing 6063 aluminum alloy was rearched,and microstructure and mechanical properties of brazed joints were tested in the experiments. The interfacial microstructures and brazing phases of brazed joints were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy( EDS). The strength of brazed joints was aquired by tensile test. The results show that the AlCu_2 and Mg_2 Si phases were formed in the brazing seam,the former is the brittle phase,the Mg_2 Si phases is considered to be the strengthening phase of the aluminum alloy,which can reduce the brittleness caused by AlCu_2. The average tensile strength of brazed butt joint was 115 MPa,and the average shear strength of brazed joint was 26 MPa. Finally,the fracture form and fracture morphology of the brazed joint were analyzed.     

Sb元素及稀土对Zn-10Al基钎料及钎焊接头性能影响

向Zn-10Al-5Cu基体中添加元素Sb及稀土镧钕,采用真空炉、万能材料试验机、金相及扫描电镜等设备,研究了Sb元素及稀土添加量对Zn-10Al-5Cu组织、性能及钎焊接头性能的影响.结果表明,钎料合金的铺展面积随Sb元素添加量的增加先较快增大后又趋于稳定趋势;抗拉强度随Sb元素添加量的增加而稳定增加;钎料组织由共析与共晶组织混合而成;在优选出的Zn10Al5Cu1.5Sb钎料中添加稀土镧钕,钎料的润湿性得到进一步改善,当稀土添加量为0.15%时,钎料的润湿性最佳;此时钎料组织中灰色粗大树枝晶组织及黑色层块状组织减少、灰黑相间层片状组织增多且变的细小,基体组织得到最大程度细化,钎料合金及钎焊接头强度达到最大;继续增加稀土,钎料合金的润湿性及钎焊接头的抗剪强度反而下降.     

Brazing of 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V using Al-Si-Cu-Ge filler metals

Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge and mixed rare-earth elements (Re) containing Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge-0.1Re filler metals were used for brazing of 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V. The addition of 20 wt.% copper and 10 wt.% germanium into the Al-12Si filler metal lowered the solidus temperature from 586 °C to 489 °C and the liquidus temperature from 592 °C to 513 °C. The addition of 0.1 wt.% rare-earth elements into Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge alloy caused remarkable Al-rich phase refinement and transformed the needle-like Al₂Cu intermetallic compounds into block-like shapes. Shear strengths of the 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V joints with the two brazing filler metals, Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge and Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge-0.1Re, varied insignificantly with brazing periods of 10-60 min. The average shear strength of the 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V joints brazed with Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge at 530 °C was about 20 MPa. Rare-earth elements appeared to improve the reaction of the Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge filler metal with Ti-6Al-4V. The joint shear strength of the 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V with Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge-0.1Re reached about 51 MPa.     

3003铝合金/紫铜异种金属钎焊接头力学性能及显微组织

研究了Zn-Al钎料钎焊3003铝合金/紫铜的铺展性能及钎焊接头力学性能. 结果表明,随着钎料中铝含量的增加,钎料在3003铝合金表面的铺展性能提高,铝含量增至10%~15%(质量分数)范围内时,钎料均具有优异的铺展性能,铝含量超过15%(质量分数)后,铺展性能下降. 钎料在紫铜表面的铺展面积随着钎料中铝含量的增加而增大. 钎焊接头力学性能试验表明,随着钎料中铝含量的增加,搭接钎焊接头抗剪强度提高,铝含量增至12%(质量分数)时,对应的钎焊接头强度最高,继续增加铝含量,钎焊接头强度降低. 综合考虑铺展性能及钎焊接头力学性能,88Zn-12Al钎料性能最佳.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/Al joints brazed using (Cu,Ni, Zr,Er)-modified Al—Si filler alloys

To design a promising Al—Si filler alloy with a relatively low melting-point, good strength and plasticity for the Cu/Al joint, the Cu, Ni, Zr and Er elements were innovatively added to modify the traditional Al—Si eutectic filler. The microstructure and mechanical properties of filler alloys and Cu/Al joints were investigated. The result indicated that the Al—Si—Ni—Cu filler alloys mainly consisted of Al(s,s), Al₂(Cu,Ni) and Si(s,s). The Al—10Si—2Ni—6Cu filler alloy exhibited relatively low solidus (521 °C) and liquidus (577 °C) temperature, good tensile strength (305.8 MPa) and fracture elongation (8.5%). The corresponding Cu/Al joint brazed using Al—10Si—2Ni—6Cu filler was mainly composed of Al₈(Mn,Fe)₂Si, Al₂(Cu,Ni)₃, Al(Cu,Ni), Al₂(Cu,Ni) and Al(s,s), yielding a shear strength of (90.3±10.7) MPa. The joint strength was further improved to (94.6±2.5) MPa when the joint was brazed using the Al—10Si—2Ni—6Cu—0.2Er—0.2Zr filler alloy. Consequently, the (Cu, Ni, Zr, Er)-modified Al—Si filler alloy was suitable for obtaining high-quality Cu/Al brazed joints.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6063 Aluminum Alloy Brazed Joints with Al-Si-Cu-Ni-RE Filler Metal

A new low melting point filler metal, Al-Si-Cu-Ni-RE, was developed for the furnace brazing of aluminum alloy 6063. Flux-assisted brazing was conducted at 560 °C using the new filler metal and AlF₃-CsF-KF flux. Microstructure of the brazed joints were studied by means of SEM, TEM, and EDS. Shear strength and micro-Vickers hardness of joints had been tested. Results show that sound joints could be obtained with the filler metal and the flux. Microstructure characterization of the brazed joint shows dendritic CuAl₂ phase was distributed evenly and Si-phase was spheroidized and refined, which was embedded in CuAl₂ dendrites with modification of rare-earth element. Shear strength test results show that the joints with Al-Si-Cu-Ni-RE filler metal achieved average shear strength of 62.5 MPa, 14.5% more than the shear strength of brazed joints with Chinese HL401 filler metal. The micro-Vickers hardness of joint after T6 treatment is about 83 HV. The hardness of the joints after just brazing and after solution treatment was higher than the hardness of the base metal.     

铟对低银Ag-Cu-Zn钎料显微组织和性能的影响

研究了低银Ag-Cu-Zn钎料(ωAg≤20%)的熔化特性、铺展性能、钎料显微组织。以黄铜/304不锈钢作为母材,采用火焰钎焊方法,进行了搭接钎焊试验。结果表明,低银Ag-Cu-Zn钎料显微组织主要由铜基固溶体、银基固溶体、Cu Zn化合物相构成。In的添加降低了Ag-Cu-Zn钎料的固、液相线温度,改善了钎料润湿性能;添加In的低银Ag-Cu-Zn钎料在凝固过程中析出富In的银基固溶体,起到了固溶强化的效果,改善了钎焊接头的显微组织,从而提高了钎缝接头的力学性能。使用17Ag Cu Zn-1In火焰钎焊黄铜/304不锈钢,钎焊接头成形美观、组织致密、无缺陷存在,综合性能与含银量为25%的BAg25Cu Zn Sn银钎料的性能相当,节银效果显著。     

稀土元素Ce对Zn-22Al钎料组织和性能的影响

研究了稀土元素Ce的添加对Zn-22Al钎料的电阻率、熔化特性、铺展性能、显微组织以及钎焊接头抗剪强度的影响.结果表明,铈的加入对钎料的电阻率、熔化特性影响甚微,但显著改善了钎料的铺展性能,细化了钎料的基体组织,提高了钎焊接头的抗剪强度.当Ce元素的添加量达到0.05%时,钎料在铝、铜两种母材上的铺展面积取得最大值,分别较未添加时提高了21.4%和11.6%;钎焊接头抗剪强度达到最大值91.3 MPa,比未添加稀土时提高了30.3%.稀土铈含量继续增加时,其显微组织中出现脆性稀土相并且尺寸有增大的趋势,钎料铺展性能、钎焊接头强度明显恶化.     

Effect of Ce Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Ag17CuZnSn Filler Metal

The effect of trace amounts of rare earth element Ce on the wettability, mechanical properties and microstructure of Ag17CuZnSn filler metal was investigated systematically by means of microstructure and spectroscopic characterizations. H62 brass and 304 stainless steel were brazed with Ag17CuZnSn-xCe filler metals. The results indicate that wettability and oxidation resistance of filler metal are remarkably improved with adding trace amount of Ce. The shear strength of brazed joint increases 29% compared to that of brazed joint without adding Ce. Moreover, it is observed that the trace amount of Ce in Ag17CuZnSn filler metal refines the brazed joint matrix microstructure. The elements diffusion is examined during the brazing process. More Ce can diffuse into the stainless steel than that of either Cu or Zn. Compared to the Cu solid solution, Fe prefers to diffuse into the Ag solid solution. When the Ce content is 0.3 wt.%, some bright and brittle Ce-bearing particles appear in the bottom of dimples which deteriorate the shear strength of brazed joint. The results of this study can stimulate the use of low-silver brazing filler metals for various applications.     

SiC陶瓷与TiAI合金的真空钎焊

采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料对常压烧结的SiC陶瓷与TiAl金属间化合物进行了真空钎焊,并对接头的微观组织和室温强度进行了研究。结果表明,利用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料可以实现SiC与TiAl的连接;接头界面具有明显的层状结构,即由Ti-Cu-Si合金层、富Cu相与富Ag相的双相层和Ti-Al-Cu合金层组成;在1173K和10min的钎焊条件下,接头室温剪切强度达到173MPa。     

TiZrNiCu/Ti60润湿性及与TiBw-TC4钎焊研究

本文采用座滴法在真空下系统研究了硼含量对TiZrNiCu/Ti60润湿性的影响,且在940°C保温10分钟条件下实现了与的钎焊。通过SEM、XRD以及剪切实验研究了界面显微组织及剪切力学性能。添加B元素可以与Ti原位合成TiBw,从而细化界面的显微组织。当B含量为0.3 wt %时,TiBw-TC4 /TiZrNiCu-B/Ti60接头的最大剪切强度为177 MPa,比无B含量的接头强度高65%。然而,过量的B含量使TiZrNiCu-B在Ti60合金基体上产生大量的TiBw,导致润湿性恶化,在钎焊接头形成微孔和未焊合区域,从而使剪切强度下降。     

Si,Mg对铝/钢熔钎焊焊接接头力学性能的影响

采用脉冲旁路耦合电弧MIG熔钎焊方法,分别采用4043,5356铝合金焊丝对5052铝合金/镀锌钢异种金属进行了搭接焊.通过扫描电镜（SEM）,能谱仪（EDS）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）对铝/钢连接界面、接头断裂行为及断口形貌进行了分析,发现5356铝合金焊丝焊接接头的润湿角要大于4043铝合金焊丝焊接接头的润湿角,合金元素Si既可改变界面反应层金属间化合物的形态同时还可显著减少Fe₂Al₅层的厚度.拉伸试验发现5356铝合金焊丝焊接所得接头主要断裂于界面反应层,属于脆性断裂;4043铝合金焊丝焊接所得接头主要断裂于熔合区,是以韧性断裂为主的混合断裂.通过对4043铝合金焊丝焊接所得接头进行显微硬度测试,发现热影响区组织的显微硬度明显低于其它区域的显微硬度,这导致4043铝合金焊丝焊接接头主要断裂于熔合区.     

Ga和Ce复合添加对低银无镉钎料组织及性能的影响

通过向Ag17CuZnSn钎料中复合添加微量的Ga元素和稀土元素Ce,研究了Ga和Ce元素的复合添加对低银无镉钎料组织及焊接性能的影响。采用火焰钎焊方法得到黄铜与不锈钢异种金属钎焊接头。试验表明,随着Ga和Ce元素的添加低银钎料的固液相线温度不断下降。当Ga和Ce含量分别为2%和0.15%时,钎料在母材表面的铺展面达到最大值。Ga和Ce元素的复合添加对低银钎料中的CuZn化合物相有明显的细化作用,黄铜与不锈钢钎焊接头的抗剪强度最大值为378.6 MPa。在钎焊过程中,钎缝与不锈钢母材之间发生了明显的元素扩散,Ga元素的扩散率大于其他元素。同时当低银钎料中的Ce元素含量大于0.3%时,钎料组织中出现了新生成的块状的稀土相。     

铝/钢异种金属火焰钎焊接头组织和性能

通过扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法研究了火焰钎焊时Zn-xAl钎料的润湿性能、铝/钢钎焊接头界面显微组织、金属间化合物层以及接头抗剪强度.结果表明,Zn-xAl钎料配合改性CsF-RbF-AlF₃钎剂,可以有效地去除母材表面氧化膜,从而提高钎焊接头力学性能.随着Al元素含量增加,钎料铺展性和填缝性随之提高,但是钎焊接头强度先升后降,Al元素含量为15%时,钎焊接头力学性能最佳.钎焊接头显微组织分析结果表明,金属间化合物主要为Fe₄Al₁₃相. Zn-xAl钎料中Al元素含量较低时,界面层由富锌相和Fe₄Al₁₃相组成.随着Al元素含量的增加,在Zn-25Al钎焊接头界面出现第二层金属间化合物Fe₂Al₅相.     

表面活化Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金真空钎焊

采用Al-Si钎料对经过Ag-Cu-Ti粉末活性金属化处理的Al₂O₃陶瓷与5005铝合金进行了真空钎焊,研究了钎焊接头的典型界面组织,分析了钎焊温度对接头界面结构特征及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,接头典型界面结构为5005铝合金/α-Al+θ-Al₂Cu+ξ-Ag₂Al/ξ-Ag₂Al+θ-Al₂Cu+Al₃Ti/Ti₃Cu₃O/Al₂O₃陶瓷. 钎焊过程中,Al-Si钎料与活性元素Ti及铝合金母材发生冶金反应,实现对两侧母材的连接. 随着钎焊温度的升高,陶瓷侧Ti₃Cu₃O活化反应层的厚度逐渐变薄,溶解进钎缝中的Ag和Cu与Al反应加剧,生成ξ-Ag₂Al+θ-Al₂Cu金属间化合物的数量增多,铝合金的晶间渗入明显;随钎焊温度的升高,接头抗剪强度先增加后降低,当钎焊温度为610 ℃时,接头强度最高达到15 MPa.