石化气脱硫的影响因素及胺液净化技术应用

分析了影响石化气脱硫的因素,针对石化气脱硫胺液的热稳态盐积累、腐蚀严重、运行周期短等问题,采用胺液净化再生设备进行净化。结果表明,净化后胺液中热稳态盐含量有较大的下降,胺液质量有一定的改善;降低了设备腐蚀,有利于装置的长周期运行。     

单乙醇胺法焦炉煤气脱硫胺液净化研究

焦炉煤气脱硫系统胺液变质导致脱硫能力下降和单乙醇胺消耗升高,通过分析确定了胺液中热稳定性盐的物理特性及其各主要组分的含量.通过滤芯-活性炭-阴离子交换树脂的动态胺液净化工艺可以使胺液中的热稳定性盐含量维持在1％左右.     

有效降低胺液再生装置能耗分析

介绍了中国石化济南炼化公司胺液再生装置,并对其进行能耗分析,总结其能耗影响大的因素主要有胺液浓度、胺液温度、热稳态盐等,并通过一定的改进措施发现,调整再生塔适当的回流比、适当的胺液温度并保持一定的胺液浓度、降低杂质及热稳态盐含量都有利于装置能耗的降低.     

阴离子交换树脂的间接脱氟方法研究

研究了铝离子对阴离子交换树脂的脱氟影响，结果表明，在含氟水样中适量引入铝离子（氟摩尔数的１／６）阴离子交换树脂的脱氟容量因铝离子的引入成倍提高，如果适当调节水样，ｐＨ脱氟效果更佳，在模拟天然含氟水样中，氟浓度１５×１０＾－２，２ｇ阴离子交换树脂采用此法脱氟，出合格饮用水２３５ｍＬ，自来水厂可用此法脱氟，只需在含氟水样流过阴离子交换树脂前加入适量硫酸铝，不增设备，方法简单易行，具有一定应用价值。     

炼油厂胺液净化新技术的试验研究

为了解决炼油脱硫胺液热稳态盐积累、腐蚀严重等问题,某炼油厂采用新型的HT-825A胺液净化设备进行试验。试验结果表明:净化后胺液中热稳态盐含量有较大的下降,胺液质量有一定程度的改善;脱硫装置运行的平稳性增加,降低了设备腐蚀,有利于装置的长周期运行。     

再生用碱的质量对阴离子交换树脂性能的影响

我国许多电厂在再生阴离子交换树脂时都习惯采用隔膜法生产的工业氢氧化钠，这种氢氧化钠中的杂质离子含量较高，会对阴离子交换树脂的性能产生很大的影响。就碱中杂质成分对阴离子交换树脂的影响，通过比较两种不同纯度的碱再生后的阴离子交换树脂的技术经济性，提出再生阴离子交换树脂时应优先选择纯度较高的碱。     

除盐混床正洗出水电导率下降缓慢原因分析及对策

海洋石油富岛有限公司二期脱盐水装置近年来出现混床再生后正洗出水电导率下降缓慢、正洗时间大幅延长的情况,严重破坏除盐系统的水平衡,影响装置的安全稳定生产。为此,从混床反洗分层、再生质量、树脂混合、充水流量以及树脂污染或变质情况等方面进行排查,认为主要原因是,混床反洗分层后阳、阴离子交换树脂层交界面存在5～10 cm的混杂不清树脂层,这部分树脂在混床再生加药时出现轻微交叉污染,混床正洗时缓慢释放出酸根离子或钠离子而影响了正洗出水水质。采取操作优化调整措施后混床正洗效果得到一定程度的提升,并提出在阳、阴离子交换树脂层之间装填惰性树脂以从根本上解决问题的技改建议。     

弱碱性阴离子树脂再生新技术的研究

对弱碱性阴离子交换树脂的再生工艺的研究进展进厅了探讨。探索了用A1(0H)，胶体再生弱碱性阴离子交换树脂的再生新工艺。结果表明，用A1(0H)、陀体再生弱碱性阴离子交换树脂是可行的再生方法，在最优的实验条件下，树脂再生度可以达到72．13％。     

快速浅层床离子交换技术在胺液净化中的应用

控制和脱除溶剂中的杂质和降解产物是保持溶剂清洁的关键。胺液在线净化设备脱除热稳态盐是溶剂过滤的有益补充。浅层床离子交换工艺具有树脂细、床层矮、压缩填充、逆流再生、周期短、树脂用量小等优点,克服了传统离子交换技术设备体积大、树脂利用效率低的缺陷。该技术已应用于胺液净化,在镇海炼化取得了良好的应用成果。     

电渗析技术在树脂脱附液资源化中的应用

通过小试和中试实验,探索了电渗析技术在树脂脱附液资源化中的应用效果。结果表明,电渗析能较好地分离树脂脱附液中的盐分和有机物,能够将盐浓缩到15%左右进行回用,回用盐的再生效果和新鲜再生剂接近;同时淡化液中盐质量分数降到0.5%以下,降低了脱附液后续处理难度。小试装置运行能耗费用约为20.89元/t,中试装置运行成本为20元/t。采用电渗析中试装置,预计处理每吨脱附液可节约运行成本11.5元。     

亚硫酸氢镁预处理麦秆废液中同步分离木质素磺酸盐和低聚木糖的方法研究

分别采用有机溶剂萃取法、超滤法、大孔树脂吸附法、离子交换法分离提取亚硫酸氢镁预处理麦秆废液中的木质素磺酸盐和低聚木糖。研究结果表明超滤法不能达到分离目的,有机溶剂沉淀和大孔树脂吸附可实现木质素磺酸镁的纯化,采用D380离子交换树脂进行离子交换层析可将废液中低聚木糖和木质素磺酸镁完全分离,回收所得低聚木糖和木质素磺酸盐纯度分别可达63.95%和91.28%。因此,D380树脂固定床离子交换法是一种简单有效的提取废液中高附加值产品的方法,可实现亚硫酸氢镁预处理麦秆废液的高值化利用,具有强劲的市场应用潜力。     

镀镍漂白废液回用的研究

针对镀镍漂白废液中舍有大量配位物难以处理的问题,提出在酸性条件下利用H型强酸性阳离子交换树脂进行处理、回用的方法.结果表明:该方法可有效吸附废液中的镍离子,净化漂白废液,且吸附饱和的离子交换树脂也很容易再生.目前,该方法已应用于实际生产,并取得较好效果.镍离子的回收率达到96.3%,镀镍漂白液的寿命延长了4倍以上.     

树脂离子交换提取拜耳法流程中钒的动力学

采用201′7树脂对拜耳法生产Al2O3流程中种分母液沉钒后再浸出,对制得的Na2VO4溶液进行了静态吸附动力学研究,分析了吸附机理. 采用批式离子交换法,考察了树脂粒径、温度、搅拌速率、溶液浓度对离子交换过程的影响,并用动边界模型对树脂吸附钒的离子交换过程进行了描述. 结果表明,离子交换过程由颗粒内扩散控制,搅拌速率和反应温度对交换速率影响较小,吸附速率随Na2VO4溶液中钒初始浓度的增加而升高;交换过程的反应速率常数为10.052 cm4/(mol×s),反应级数n为0.5507,表观活化能为39.67 kJ/mol. 吸附机理分析结果表明,在动力学实验过程中201′7树脂主要吸附的钒阴离子为V10O286-.     

Phosphorus Recovery from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge Liquor by Ion Exchange

In this study phosphorus recovery from sludge liquor by ion exchange process was investigated. The efficiency of a commercially available anionic iron oxide resin was evaluated in batch and packed column tests using synthetic phosphorus solution and actual sludge liquor, taken from of an urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP). When phosphorus recovery from sludge liquor was investigated, experimental data fitted quite well Generalized Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.92 for the new resin and R² = 0.96 for the regenerated resin); the maximum adsorption capacity being 14.2 and 14.4 mg P/g, respectively. The saturation of adsorption sites was not achieved also after 11.5 hours and 120 bed volumes, in column tests. When the reactor was operated with sludge liquor and the new resin, the saturation of packed bed was achieved after approximately 175 min and 31 bed volumes. The recovery efficiency of phosphorus during the regeneration step was as high as 95% (less than 13 bed volumes). According to the results achieved and the increasing cost of phosphorus production from conventional resources (yearly incremental cost 0.012 €/(kg · y)), its recovery from UWWTPs sludge liquor by the ion exchange process is expected to be really useful and beneficial for the following 10–15 years.     

Separation of gibberellic acid (GA3) by macroporous adsorption resins

Adsorption rates of gibberellic acid (GA3) on S‐8 and X‐5 resins were measured with the results indicating that the adsorption attained equilibrium for adsorption times longer than 4 h. The adsorption isotherms of GA3 on AB‐8, X‐5, S‐8, D4020, D3520, D4006 and NKA‐9 were determined at 20 °C. S‐8 resin had the largest solid/liquid distribution coefficient of 10.5 and was selected as the adsorbent for separation of GA3 from the aqueous solution. The breakthrough curves of GA3 from the aqueous solution on S‐8 resin were determined at different flow rates. The dynamic adsorption capacity of GA3 was measured as 4.56 mgg⁻¹ wet resin at a flow rate of 0.5 cm³min⁻¹. GA3 adsorbed on S‐8 resin was eluted with several eluents with 80% (v%) acetone aqueous solution having the best desorption performance. When GA3 was adsorbed by S‐8 resin from the fermentation liquor, the dynamic adsorption capacity of GA3 was increased to 12.02 mgg⁻¹ wet resin in virtue of the salting‐out effect of the ammonium sulfate in the fermentation liquor. The yield of GA3 was above 90% after GA3 was adsorbed by S‐8 resin from the fermentation liquor at pH 2 and eluted by 80% (v%) acetone aqueous solution. The GA3 concentration was increased seven‐fold from the fermentation liquor after an adsorption and desorption cycle. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Formaldehyde-Free Environmentally Friendly Lignocellulosic Composite from NSAB Pulp. Part II

Investigations have been continuing to prepare environmental friendly lignocellulosic composites from agro-based fibers. To evaluate the possibility of spent sulfite liquor retained on neutral sulfite bagasse pulp (NSABP) as binding agent instead of HCHO-based adhesive (resol type resin) to prepare agro-based composite satisfying environmental regulations. The properties of unwashed-NSABP-composites were compared with those produced from completely washed pulp, as well as from that produced from commercial produced from resol-Asplund pulp. The neutral sulfite pulping conditions and presteaming the bagasse prior NS-pulping were optimized. The results obtained show that, the most desirable properties of agro-composite were obtained by presteaming the raw bagasse for 20 sec at 170–175°C (Asplund defibrator process), followed by neutral sulfite pulping (NSAB pulp). The spent sulfite liquor retained on NS-pulp was more successful for improving the board properties than conventional adding synthetic resol resin to Asplund bagasse pulp. The chemical analyses of the obtained NS-pulps and the physico-mechanical properties of the agro-composites prepared were correlated and illustrated in polynomial equations.     

Gallium recovery from Bayer's liquor using hydroxamic acid resin

Gallium, which is extensively used in the production of semiconductor materials, is present at the parts per million level in Bayer's liquor. The low concentration of gallium in the liquor, along with the high concentration of aluminum, prompted the use of chelating ion exchangers as an alternative separation process. A chelating ion exchange resin with hydroxamic groups attached to the copolymer of acrylonitrile‐divinylbenzene has been prepared by suspension polymerization followed by hydrolysis and chelation with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Adsorption studies of gallium, using the above hydroxamic acid resin, were carried out. Adsorption was dependent on particle size of the resin and optimum conditions are determined for obtaining 0.3‐ to 0.5‐mm particles by varying the composition of the emulsion, using a secondary polymerization technique, and adding of diluents. Acrylic acid, as a diluent in the copolymer matrix, was found to increase the particle size and stability of the resin. IR studies, carried out for the products obtained at various stages, confirmed the conversion of polymer to resin with a hydroxamic acid group and its complex formation with gallium. Both batch and column studies were carried out for the determination of the capacity of the resin with synthetic Bayer's liquor containing gallium and commercial Bayer's liquor. Scaled‐up column studies were carried out with commercial Bayer's liquor to test the cyclability and stability of the resin. It was observed that chelated ion exchange resin could be recycled up to 30 times. The optimal liquid to solid phase ratio was found to be 1:12. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 847–855, 2004     

Effect of spent sulfite liquor on urea–formaldehyde resin performance

Combination of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins with technical lignins has been often reported in the literature. However, the actual implications of this approach have not been effectively addressed yet. In this work, unmodified thick spent sulfite liquor (TSSL) and hydroxymethylated TSSL (TSSLH) were incorporated in a standard UF resin in different amounts (10 and 20%) and at different stages. When 10% of TSSLH was incorporated after the synthesis, the produced particleboards performed equivalently to when 90% of UF resin was used. In all other cases tested, combining UF resin with TSSL/TSSLH actually led to lower internal bond strengths. The results evidence that addition of TSSL or TSSLH does not have a beneficial effect on UF bonding performance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47389.     

化学镀镍废液预处理工艺改造

采用离子交换工艺对原有化学镀镍废液预处理工艺进行改造,改造后降低了废液预处理成本,减少二次污染,提高镍资源的回收率,达到综合利用的目的,具有很高的环境效益及经济效益。     

Study on Industrial Scale Chromatographic Separation Methods of Galactose from Biomass Hydrolysates

Galactose is an aldohexose, which has commercial uses in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Since monomeric galactose is not a freely occurring compound, it must be produced from galactose‐containing hydrolysates. This paper reports the results of experimental studies of the chromatographic separation of galactose in aqueous solutions by ion exchange resins on an industrial scale. Until now, galactose has only been determined from various solutions by liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an analytical scale. Chromatographic separation of galactose from carbohydrate mixtures was studied with strong acid cation exchange resins in Na⁺, Ca²⁺ forms and strong base anion exchange resin in SO₄^2– form. The feed solutions were hydrolysates from three possible galactose sources: lactose, gum arabic and hemicellulose in spent sulfite liquor. The main monosaccharide impurities in these raw materials were glucose, arabinose, and xylose. It was demonstrated that large scale liquid chromatography can be used effectively for galactose separation from complex carbohydrate mixtures such as plant hydrolysates as well as lactose hydrolysate.