南方某水厂净水工艺运行效果

采用预O3^＋常规处理＋O3/BAC深度处理净水工艺,对微污染水源水中的有机物、浊度、NH3-N可以达到理想的去除效果。在水源水CODMn4.4～5．9mg·L^-1、UV254 0．13～0．17cm^-1、浊度7．9-13．5NTU、NH3-N 0．07-0．84mg·L^-1的情况下,该工艺对CODMn、UV254,浊度、NH3-N的去除率分别为50%、65．6％、96．8％、100％;经该净水工艺处理后,出水CODMn2．0-2．6mg·L^-1,UV254 0．048cm^-1、浊度〈0．3 NTU、NH3-N〈0．01mg·L^-1,完全符合生活饮用水卫生标准（GB5749—2006）。     

负载金属镧的壳聚糖对含氟水的处理

采用负载镧的壳聚糖作为含氟水的吸附剂,最佳制备工艺条件为：壳聚糖用量为1g·L^-1,La^3＋浓度为0．15mol·L^-1,反应时间为6h,吸附剂粒径为0．1mm;除氟剂的最工作条件为：pH为7,温度50℃,搅拌速度400r·min^-1,吸附时间60min。当吸附剂用量为1．6g·L^-1时,对水中浓度为20mg·L^-1的F去除率达到98．4％。用0．1mol·L^-1的NaOH对吸附饱和后的吸附剂进行解吸处理24h,可以有效地恢复其吸附性能。吸附剂对F的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线方程;对F^-的饱和吸附容量为476．190mg·g^-1。     

RP-HPLC法测定浓百合剂中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量

采用Rp-HPLC法建立了浓百合剂中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量测定方法。色谱柱为Agilent SBCFAq（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）;流动相为乙腈-0．1％三乙胺水溶液（2：98,冰醋酸调pH值3．0）;检测波长为207nm;柱温为25℃;流速为1．0mL·min^-1;选样量为10μL。结果表明,盐酸麻黄碱在浓度为4．8508～11．1552μg·mL^-1范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好,R为0．9997;盐酸伪麻黄碱在浓度为4．8672～11．3568μg·mL^-1范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好,R为0．9995。方法的加样回收率为盐酸麻黄碱98．28％,RSD=0．94％;盐酸伪麻黄碱98．01％,RSD=0．71％。该方法能够对浓百合剂中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量进行准确、快速的测定,结果稳定、可靠、重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

La2O3-ZnO-TiO2光催化降解活性艳红及其动力学研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La2O3（0．5％）-ZnO（20％）-TiO2光催化剂（LZT）,在自制的光催化反应器中,以20W紫外灯为光源,考察了通气量、pH、LZT投加量、溶液初始浓度等对光催化降解活性艳红K-2BP的影响规律。结果表明,当通气量为800mL·min^-1,pH为3．12,催化剂投加量为4．0g·L^-1,溶液初始浓度为65mg·L^-1,光照60min时,活性艳红K-2BP的降解率可达100％,反应速率常数较光致反应高一个数量级。在初始浓度低于100mg·L^-1时,降解过程显著表现为一级反应,并可用Langmuir—Hinshelwood动力学方程描述。     

射流曝气法处理硫酸软骨素工业废水的研究

使用培养驯化的活性污泥,经射流曝气工艺处理该絮凝后的废水,最佳工艺条件为：进水的pH为7,温度为30℃,混合液中总的悬浮固体浓度（MLSS）5000mg·L^-1,气水体积比为2：1,曝气时间2h。在该最佳条件下处理后的废水,pH为7．5,COD98mg·L^-1（去除率97．2％）,BOD,57mg·L^-1（去除率93％）,已经达到肉类加工工业水污染物排放国家一类水排放标准。     

2，4-滴丁酯·扑草净·异丙草胺乳油的高效液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法,以KromasilC-18（200X4．6mm,5μm）为固定相,以四氢呋喃＋水（磷酸调pH：3．3）=500＋500（V＋y）为流动相,流速1．0mL·min-1,检测波长270nm,柱温40℃,在同一色谱条件下同时测定2,4-滴丁酯·扑草净·异丙草胺乳油中的2,4-滴丁酯、扑草净和异丙草胺。2,4-滴丁酯变异系数为0．62％,平均回收率为99．64％;扑草净变异系数为0．68％,平均回收率为99．81％;异丙草胺变异系数为0．48％,平均回收率为100．04％。     

2，4-滴丁酯·磺草酮乳油的高效液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法,以Century C18（200×4．6mm,5μm）为固定相,以乙腈＋水（磷酸调pH值为2．5）=700＋300（V＋V）为流动相,流速1．0mL·min^-1,检测波长235nm,在同一色谱条件下同时测定2,4-滴丁酯·磺草酮乳油中的2,4-滴丁酯和磺草酮。2,4-滴丁酷变异系数为0．46％,平均回收率为99．88％,磺草酮变异系数为0．58％,平均回收率为99．92％。     

针织染整废水混凝-厌氧-好氧处理工艺

采用混凝沉淀-接触厌氧-接触氧化组合工艺处理针织染整废水,并对工艺单元的特点和运行进行了分析。运行结果表明,混凝沉淀池对COD和色度的去除率分别为60．2％和83．8％;接触厌氧池和接触氧化池的容积负荷分别为0．62kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1和0．46kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1。当进水COD、BOD5、SS和硫化物的浓度分别为905．2、261．5、446．8、45．9mg·L^-1,色度为780倍时,出水COD、BOD5、SS和硫化物的浓度分别为72．3、14．1、47．6、0．25mg·L^-1,色度为30倍。混凝-接触厌氧-接触氧化组合工艺可实现针织染整废水长期稳定达标排放。     

氢自养反硝化去除饮用水中硝酸盐的试验研究

研究了附着生长型序批式反应器内以氢气为电子供体的自养反硝化技术对饮用水中NO3的去除效果。采用透气膜作为氢气的扩散装置,增强氢气的传质效率,降低其爆炸的危险性。结果表明,氢自养反硝化技术能够有效地去除饮用水中的NO^3-,NO^3--N和TN的最高去除速率分别达6．45mg／（L·h）和4．89mg／（L·h）,NO2^--N有累积,最大累积量达11．58mg／L。反应结束时,出水pH值为10．56,DOC增长了,0．91mg/L。建立了NO^3-和NO玉还原反应的零级动力学模型,动力学常数分别为0．33．-0．60g／（g·d）和0．37～0．45g／（g·d）。     

炼油污水臭氧氧化一生物炭深度处理水质回用资源化

设计了臭氧氧化-生物活性炭深度处理装置,对经二级生化处理达标后的炼油污水,再经臭氧．生物炭工艺进行深度处理使水质主要指标达到地表水Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水标准：COD≤13mg·L^-1;BOD5≤3．6mg·L^-1;石油类≤0．46mg·L^-1;挥发酚≤0．00017mg·L^-1;NH3-N≤0．9mg·L^-1,循回用于工业生产,实现炼油污水资源化,并对臭氧提高有机废水可生化性和生物活性炭的工艺条件进行探讨。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。