蛋白酶水解马氏珠母贝肉对镉解离效果的研究

为了考查蛋白酶水解马氏珠母贝肉过程中对镉解离效果的影响,从木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、精制中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和枯草杆菌蛋白酶5种蛋白酶中筛选镉解离效果最好的酶,分别进行单一酶解试验和双酶复合酶解试验.以镉解离度和水解得率为指标,利用响应面法优化酶解条件.结果表明:枯草杆菌蛋白酶为最适蛋白酶,镉的解离度为75.57％,胰蛋白酶的效果次之,镉解离度为70.66％.用枯草杆菌蛋白酶进行单一酶解试验,最佳的酶解条件为时间5h,温度65℃,添加量4 700 U/g,液固比5∶1(V∶m),pH值7.5时,水解得率为87.43％,酶解镉解离度达到81.87％;用枯草杆菌蛋白酶与胰蛋白酶以活力比为3∶1组合,水解效果和镉解离度均最好.双酶复合酶解优化试验得到的最佳水解条件为时间5h,温度50℃,添加量5 700 U/g,pH值7.0,液固比4∶1(V∶m),水解得率为90.93％,镉解离度达到85.52％,比单一酶酶解效果更好.     

紫贻贝酶解条件的研究

本试验主要测定了紫贻贝的基本组分，并利用中性蛋白酶酸性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶对紫贻贝酶解，制备蛋白水解液，采用凯氏定氮法和甲醛电位滴定法计算酶解液的水解度，结合酶解液的感官评价和水解度筛选最适合酶和确定酶解的最佳工艺条件。主要结论如下：紫贻贝中基本组分是粗蛋白含量为9．5％，粗脂肪的含量为6．2％，灰分的含量为2．9％，水分的含量为83．2％；中性蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件：时间3h，pH值7，温度50℃，酶的添加量0．3％，此条件下水解度为39．43％；酸性蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件：时间2h，pH值4，温度50℃，酶的添加量0．3％，此条件下水解度为39．43％；碱性蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件：时间3h，pH值8，温度45℃，酶的添加量0．4％，此条件下水解度为46．51％；在最佳酶解条件下，碱性蛋白酶对紫贻贝的酶解效果明显的好于其它两种蛋白酶，但经感官评定，碱性蛋白酶酶解液苦味和氨味较重，不符合海鲜调味品的风味要求，中性蛋白酶和酸性蛋白酶酶解液的苦味和氨味比较轻，适合作为紫贻贝水解的外加酶，综上分析，选择中性蛋白酶和酸性蛋白酶作为紫贻贝水解的外加酶。     

酶法提取烤鳗下脚料中水解动物蛋白的研究

酶解提取烤鳗下脚料的水解动物蛋白是可行的，实现发现：在枯草杆菌蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶这三种水解中，枯草杆菌蛋白酶的水解效率最高。通过正交试验，确定用枯草杆菌蛋白酶在50℃、pH7．5、固液比5:8，添加酶量为下脚料中蛋白质含量为2．0％，反应时间为5h时，其水解度达82．6％。     

两种来源酶多种方式水解牛骨蛋白

选用两种不同来源的枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶,以水解度为特征性指标,采用5种不同水解方式水解牛骨蛋白。结果表明：枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶同步水解,效果优于木瓜蛋白酶与枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶分步水解两种方式,最佳酶体系反应条件为pH7.05、温度51℃、加酶总量7000U/g(枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶用量比1:1)、150r/min 振荡水解6h,水解度可达27.54%。     

罗非鱼下脚料酶解工艺的响应面法优化

采用AS．1398中性蛋白酶对罗非鱼下脚料进行水解，利用响应曲面分析法对酶解工艺条件进行优化，最终确定AS.1398中性蛋白酶水解罗非鱼下脚料的最佳条件为：酶浓度=0．56％，温度=53℃，pH=7．1，水解时间t=4h，液固比为3：1，此时水解度为36.2％。     

酶解血浆蛋白起泡性的研究

利用As1．398中性蛋白酶水解猪血浆，探讨了酶量、温度、pH值、水解时间等对水解度和酶解血浆起泡性的影响，通过正交实验确定了达到最佳起泡时的酶解条件。实验结果表明，As1．398中性蛋白酶的酶解条件为温度45℃，加酶量150U／g，pH 7．0，酶解时间1h时，其水解度为7．22，酶解血浆的起泡性可达到187．5％。     

麦胚蛋白酶解物的溶解性研究

利用中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶对麦胚蛋白的溶解特性进行改善。系统研究了底物浓度、酶浓度、酶解时间、pH、温度等工艺条件对麦胚蛋白酶解物的溶解特性的影响。试验结果表明：中性蛋白酶的水解度以及水解产物的溶解度优于木瓜蛋白酶。在底物浓度10％,中性蛋白酶浓度1．0％,酶解时间2．5h,pH6．5,温度35℃条件下麦胚蛋白水解度1．40％,溶解度58．7％,比酶解前溶解度24．3％有较大提高。     

米糠营养液酶解条件的研究

本文以稳定米糠为原料，利用α-淀粉酶进行预处理。再加入中性蛋白酶进行酶解。通过单因素和正交试验确定中性蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为：反应温度50℃，酶解时间2．5h，pH值8．0，酶用量5％，水解度可达11．23％。米糠可溶物提取率为44．1％。所得酶解液中营养成分丰富。     

复合酶分步酶解法提取牛骨胶原蛋白工艺的研究

以牛骨胶原蛋白初步酶解产物为研究对象,以水解度为指标,采用甲醛滴定法监测深度酶解的进程,对比分析不同的酶解条件对水解度的影响,确定了中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶分步水解的酶解条件。通过正交试验结果表明:采用中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶加酶量分步水解牛骨蛋白的最佳条件为物料比1∶750,起始pH值是6.5,先用中性蛋白酶55℃酶解3h后,再用风味蛋白酶于55℃继续酶解2h。此时水解度达到63.6%。     

多管藻（P.urceolata）复合氨基酸营养液的研制

本研究就多管藻（Polysiphonia urceolata)的脱色方法及酶解工艺条件等进行了探讨。结果表明原料脱色用KMnO4效果较好,酶解的最佳工艺条件是使用中性蛋白酶与胰蛋白酶联合酶解法,总加酶量为5‰（w/w)在45℃水解4h后,再加0．2％NaOH碱解2h,蛋白质水解度和氨基酸转化率分别高达80．4％和39．6％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the