一种非对称新型微带耦合器的研究

本文介绍了一种带有叉指的微带耦合器，它是一种非对称型的耦合器，耦合度由主传输的间距决定。使用叉指有效地提高了定向性，且缩短了耦合器的长度（耦合区约为八分之一波长）。文章分析了该种耦合器，推出了计算该种耦合器的一系列公式，并制程序完成电器的计算，给出了２２ｄＢ耦合器的实便。     

Microstrip Spiral Directional Coupler

A new microwave directional coupler with a spiral-shaped construction is described. This coupler is named the spiral coupler and is formed by coiling two edge-coupled lines. Therefore, the size of the coupler can be greatly miniaturized. Furthermore, this coupler can achieve tight coupling much easier than the conventional coupler with edge-coupled lines on account of the multiconductor structure. The spiral couplers with a total length of a quarter-wave were fabricated on alumina ceramic substrates and resulted in 3.5-dB maximum conpling for a 40-mu m strip spacing. The size of the coupler was about one-sixth of the conventional one. The spiral coupler with a total length of three quarter-waves theoretically showed 2.5-dB coupling for a 95-mu m strip spacing on an alumina substrate. The achieved coupling is due to the skillful construction of the spiral. An experimental coupler fabricated on a Teflon substrate confirmed the usefulness of this approach.     

A comparison of power requirements of traveling-wave LiNbO3optical couplers and inteferometric modulators

It is shown that a coupler and interferometer may be considered two extremes of a generalized two-guide coupler device in which electrode length is less than a coupling length. For electrode lengths less than half of a coupling length, the generalized device looks more like an interferometer than a coupler. The impedance and electrical loss of asymmetric-stripe and coplanar-waveguide transmission lines on LiNbO3for thick as well as thin electrodes are then presented. The effects of the electrical loss on the bandwidth and drive requirements of traveling-wave LiNbO3couplers and interferometric devices are discussed, and it is shown that electrical loss in the transmission line is more detrimental to a coupler than to an interferometer. These results are then used to compare the drive power requirements of coupler and interferometric devices, and it is shown that for the same bandwidth and same optical guide dimensions, an interferometric device with a coplanar transmission line can require a lower drive power than a coupler with an asymmetric-stripe line.     

Miniaturized microstrip branch-line coupler with good harmonic suppression performance

This paper presents a miniaturized microstrip branch-line coupler with good harmonic suppression performance. The proposed coupler consists of four branch-line sections, each of which is loaded by open-circuit stubs both at the center and the two ends. This type of loading can realize size reduction and harmonic suppression. As an example, a proposed branch-line coupler operating at 1.0 GHz is designed, fabricated and measured. The results show that the proposed branch-line coupler occupies 67% size of a conventional one and has better than 20 dB suppression from 1.9 to 5.8 GHz. Furthermore, the high slop of the transition band ensures good selectivity of the coupler.     

蝶形多模干涉耦合器的数值分析

设计蝶形多模干涉(MMI)耦合器时,需要根据所要求的功率分割比率确定器件的结构参量。作为矩形多模干涉耦合器的特征参量的耦合长度,通过数值分析对称干涉型矩形多模干涉耦合器的成像位置而得到,从而可利用模传输分析(MPA)法的公式设计出蝶形多模干涉耦合器的理论预期结构。使用有限差分波束传输法(FD-BPM)对设计参量进行校正,并且数值算出器件实际实现的功率分割比率。针对基于SOI晶片的设计实例表明,仿真得到的蝶形多模干涉耦合器的长度较理论预期大2～4 μm,实际实现的功率分割比率较理论预期值低且器件形状越偏离矩形,其值相差越大。     

A Compact Highly Reconfigurable CMOS MMIC Directional Coupler

This paper presents a tunable CMOS directional coupler that utilizes lumped-element L-C sections. The lumped-element approach used to build the directional coupler makes it possible to integrate the coupler onto a single monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), as it occupies a small area compared to printed designs. The directional coupler uses varactors and tunable active inductors (TAIs) to synthesize the series and shunt reactances, respectively, which allows extensive electronic control over the coupling coefficient, while insuring a low return loss and a very high isolation. Furthermore, using varactors and TAIs allows the directional coupler to be reconfigured for operation over a wide range of frequencies. Moreover, the symmetric configuration of the coupler allows it to switch from forward to backward operation by simply exchanging the bias voltages applied across the series varactors. The MMIC coupler was fabricated in a standard 0.13-mum CMOS process and operates from a 1.5-V supply. The circuit occupies 730 mum times 600 mum, and is capable of achieving tunable coupling coefficients from 1.4 to 7.1 dB, while maintaining an isolation higher than 41 dB. The MMIC coupler is also capable of operating at any center frequency over the 2.1-3.1-GHz frequency range with higher than 40-dB isolation. The coupler achieves a -4.1-dBm 1-dB compression point while operating from a 1.5-V supply.     

（英）高效锥形太赫兹耦合器

设计了将太赫兹波耦合进入波导的耦合器.耦合器由金属材料铝制成,形状为中空圆锥形和圆柱形的结合.在宽带的脉冲太赫兹信号和单频的连续太赫兹信号两种情况下,模拟并实验测试了耦合器将自由空间传输的平行太赫兹波耦合进入反谐振波导,结果显示该耦合器是宽带太赫兹波耦合器.通过优化耦合器几何参数,在太赫兹时域系统下得到振幅耦合率达到71%,振幅增强因子为6.125.     

光电耦合器在并口长线传输中的应用

提出了一种利用高速光电耦合器提高并口传输距离的方法,利用光电耦合器对传输线进行隔离处理,大大提高信噪比。讨论了光电耦合器的特性和选取原则,试验结果表明：这种方法能够在保持并口传输的速度优势以及系统结构不变时,保证信号传输的准确性,具有较大实用价值。     

光纤耦合器与速度干涉仪的灵敏度

通过改进光纤定向耦合器的结构,可以显著提高光纤速度干涉仪的灵敏度.该文从熔融拉锥型光纤定向耦合器的数学模型出发进行研究,详细分析了2×2和3×3型光纤定向耦合器在全光纤速度干涉仪(AFVISAR)中的具体作用,并对此两种结构的光纤速度干涉仪的性能(主要是灵敏度)的优劣进行了对比分析,表现出3×3型光纤定向耦合器构成的两端探测系统的优越性.最后提出采用N×N型光纤定向耦合器可能带来的光纤速度干涉仪性能的提高和适用局限性.     

Low-loss lange coupler

The use of air-bridge straps in place of bond wires on the Lange coupler on an alumina substrate is investigated. It is shown that the resultant coupler has lower loss when compared with a coupler using bond wires and is more suitable for mass production than the bond-wire type.     

Multiple Branch-Guide Directional Coupler Using TE/sub 01/-Mode Semicircular Waveguide (Short Papers)

This short paper describes experimental results derived from a newly devised branch-guide directional coupler using a TE/sub 01/-mode semicircular waveguide. The length of an experimental 0-dB coupler is about 150 mm, which is one-third shorter than the conventional coupled wave-type 0-dB coupler, and the loss is decreased in proportion to the reduction in length. Using this coupler, it is possible to manufacture more compact millimeter-wave diplexers with reduced insertion loss.     

A Plasma Controlled Directional Coupler

A new type of waveguide directional coupler is described which has a discharge tube as the coupling element in the common narrow wall between the guides. The use of the discharge tube allows continuous control of the amount of coupling between the guides. The theory of the coupler is given with curves for designing such a coupler. The paper describes the results obtained from a 3-db coupler. Measurements were made at a frequency of 450 Mc, of VSWR, noise output, and switching speed. These show a VSWR of the order of 1.3 over the control range, and an excess noise temperature with a peak of 20,000/spl deg/K at one value of control current. The coupler is capable of switching up to speeds of 1000 cps.     

Fiber-optic nonlinear coherent coupler

A new type of fiber-optic nonlinear coherent coupler consisting of a low-birefringence fiber and a fiber-optic polarization beam splitter is proposed. The principle of operation is based on nonlinear polarization change in the low-birefringence fiber. The characteristics of the fiber coupler are analyzed using the Stokes parameters formalism on the Poincaré sphere. The coupler is shown to be capable of acting as an intensity discriminator, pulse reshaper, and all-optical gate.     

反射式光电耦合器速度测试技术研究

提出了一种基于光电耦合器的干扰弹速度测试方法：当干扰弹飞过炮筒时,光电耦合器发射光线照射到干扰弹的表面,漫反射回来的光被耦合器的探测器接收转变为电信号并采集到计算机进行数据处理。介绍了干扰弹测速系统的方案、工作原理及驱动电路,并测量了光电耦合器的响应速度和位置特性;最后利用本系统对干扰弹进行了模拟测试。试验证明：该系统响应速度快、抗烟雾干扰性强、使用方便。     

Directional coupler for gigahertz frequencies, based on the coupling properties of two planar comb transmission lines

The principles of operation are given for a directional coupler based on the coupling properties of two interleaved planar comb transmission lines. It is shown that this arrangement leads to a departure from a contradirectional coupling mechanism. Results are given for an X band ?3 dB coupler, and the performance and manufacturing methods are compared with those of other high-frequency coupler designs.     

Novel Rat-race Hybrid Coupler for RF Front-end Module

In this paper, a novel compact rat-race hybrid coupler incorporating an improved beeline compact microstrip resonant cell(IB-CMRC) is presented firstly. The size of the coupler is reduced by 46.5% than conventional one due to IB-CMRC’s excellent slow-wave effect. The novel coupler possesses strong ability of high-order harmonic suppression (above 30 dB) in addition. The measured insertion loss is comparable to that of a conventional microstrip hybrid coupler. Great potential applications of this IB-CMRC can be explored in MICs and MMICs to reduce the circuits size, suppress harmonics and improve the overall performance of the RF front-end module.     

A Consideration of an Optical Coupler for Optical Submarine Transmission Laser Redundancy Systems

Theoretical and experimental results are described for a new optical coupler which consists of two laser diodes, two GRIN spherical rod lenses, a polarizing filter, and a single-mode fiber, and which employs laser diode polarization characteristics for an optical submarine transmission laser redundancy system. This optical coupler has two channels at 1.3 μm wavelength. Optical coupler loss values, which include coupling loss, polarization loss, and assembly loss, are 4.9 dB for one laser diode and 5.2 dB for another laser diode. Such loss values are almost the same as the conventional laser diode module loss for a single-mode fiber. This paper describes in detail a laser redundancy system in an optical submarine transmission system, structure and characteristics of an optical coupler, and experimental results on a high bit rate long-haul transmission system using the proposed optical coupler.     

Directional coupler with high directivity using metallic cylinders on microstrip line

A directional coupler with high directivity performance using metallic cylinders on the microstrip line is presented. By using two rows of periodic metallic cylinders on a microstrip coupler, the odd-mode phase velocity is slowed down, and thus the directivity can be greatly improved for equal odd- and even-mode phase velocities. The parameters of metalised cylinders, which have an effect on the coupler performance, are investigated. A 12 dB coupler at 2.41 GHz has been designed and measured, providing excellent directivity. Theoretical and experimental results are presented.     

熔锥型光纤耦合器在光通信中的最新应用

综述了熔锥型光纤耦合器在光通信中的最新应用,包括全波耦合器、Interleaver、泵浦合波器及非线性全光开关,说明了熔锥技术的重要性及其活力。     

A 3-dB multilayer coupler with UC-PBG structure

A novel broadside coupled stripline coupler with a uniplanar compact photonic bandgap (UC-PBG) structure is presented. Construction of the coupler is based on a stripline with two-dimensional periodically etched ground plane. The slow-wave phenomenon has been predicted and observed. Numerical and experimental investigations show an enhanced backward coupling effect. The usefulness of both phenomena in the coupler construction has been verified experimentally.