芝麻叶斑病防治药剂筛选

[目的]筛选出防治芝麻叶斑病的有效药剂。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法,测定12种药剂对病菌的抑制率,选择抑菌效果较好的8种药剂进行田间防效试验。[结果] 68%精甲霜·锰锌可湿性粉剂、42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂和62%嘧环·咯菌腈可湿性粉剂等3种药剂室内抑菌率达100%,田间防效达85%以上,效果最佳。[结论] 68%精甲霜·锰锌可湿性粉剂、62%嘧环·咯菌腈可湿性粉剂和42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂可作为芝麻棒孢叶斑病防治药剂使用。     

烟草菌核病防治药剂筛选

[目的]筛选烟草菌核病的防治药剂。[方法]采用生长速率法测定11种杀菌剂对烟草菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的室内毒力;5种抑菌效果好的药剂采用茎叶喷雾法进行田间防效试验。[结果] 400 g/L嘧霉胺悬浮剂、46%多·春·氟吡菌酰胺可湿性粉剂、20%腈菌唑乳油、25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂、50%春雷·多菌灵可湿性粉剂对烟草菌核病菌毒力强,其EC_(50)值均0.001 mg/L;5种杀菌剂田间防效达50.53%～83.35%,其中20%腈菌唑乳油田间防效达83.35%。[结论] 20%腈菌唑乳油可以作为有效药剂开展烟草菌核病的防治。     

5种杀菌剂对加工番茄细菌性溃疡病药效评价

采用生长速率法测定5种杀菌剂不同浓度处理对番茄溃疡病菌的抑菌效果,将抑菌效果较好的药剂处理在田间应用,筛选出对加工番茄溃疡病防治效果较好的杀菌剂。试验结果表明:20%噻菌铜悬浮剂500倍液和72%链霉素可湿性粉剂800倍液对番茄溃疡病的防治效果较好,室内抑制生长率均为100%,田间防治效果分别为81.6%和78.3%。3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂对番茄溃疡病的室内抑菌效果和田间防治效果最差。生产上防治番茄溃疡病可采用20%噻菌铜悬浮剂和72%链霉素可湿性粉剂交替使用。     

4种药剂防治日光温室人参果病毒病效果研究

为筛选防治日光温室人参果病毒病的有效药剂,2012年进行了田间小区比较试验。结果表明:4种药剂12个处理对人参果病毒病均有一定的防治效果。32%核苷·溴·吗啉胍水剂700~1100倍液的防效最好,为79.94%~80.53%;4%新奥霉素水剂500~900倍液和2%氨基寡糖素水剂900~1500倍液的防效分别为77.35%~79.33%和76.74%~79.50%;20%吗胍·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂300~900倍液的防效稍差,为75.77%~78.20%。     

68.75%易保水分散粒剂对保护地生菜灰霉病的防治

田间试验结果表明，用68．75％易保水分散粒剂800、1000倍液对生莱灰霉病防治效果较好，达到极显著水平，平均防治效果为86．03％；1500倍液对该病防治效果与对照药剂50％速克灵可湿性粉剂800倍液相当；而50%扑海因可湿性粉剂800倍液则防效较差。易保水分散粒剂的室内抑菌效果也较为理想。     

几种药剂防治红龟蜡蚧药效试验

试验结果表明,药后7d,30%机油·石硫微乳剂500倍液对红龟蜡蚧的防效达到了96.21%;20%松脂酸钠可溶性粉剂100倍液和1.45%阿维·吡可湿性粉剂1000倍液的防效分别为85.43%和73.04%。     

六种杀菌剂防治苹果黑星病田间药效试验

为有效防治苹果黑星病,采用40%氟硅唑EC、10%苯醚甲环唑WG、50%多菌灵WP、12.5%烯唑醇WP、40%腈菌唑WP和43%戊唑醇WP 6种药剂9种处理进行田间试验,结果表明,10%苯醚甲环唑WG 1 500倍液和43%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂4000倍液对苹果黑星病有较好的防治效果,2次施药后10 d的平均防效分别可达64.56%和62.62%,显著优于其它药剂处理,建议生产上使用10%苯醚甲环唑WG 1500倍液和43%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂4000倍液。     

20%哒螨灵·三氯杀螨砜可湿性粉剂防治苹果叶螨田间试验

20 %哒螨灵·三氯杀螨砜可湿性粉剂对苹果叶螨有良好的防治效果 ,以 10 0 0～ 15 0 0倍稀释液喷施 ,防效在 85 %以上 ,是防治苹果叶螨的优良药剂。     

两种混配杀菌剂对苹果果实主要病害的室内外药效

为明确 50 %新灵可湿性粉剂、50 %多霉清可湿性粉剂对苹果果实主要病害的防治效果及应用技术 ,1 997～ 1 999年我们应用上述两种杀菌剂对苹果轮纹病、炭疽病进行了室内药效测定和田间药效试验 ,所得结果如下。1　材料与方法1 .1　室内生物测定1 .1 .1　供试药剂及浓度50 %新灵可湿性粉剂 (有效成分 :多菌灵、代森锰锌 ,招远三联化工厂 ) 50 0、60 0倍 ;50 %多霉清可湿性粉剂 (有效成分 :多菌灵、乙霉威 ,河北保定化工八厂 ) 1 0 0 0、1 2 0 0倍 ;80 %多菌灵可湿性粉剂 60 0倍。1 .1 .2　供试菌株苹果轮纹病菌 (Ｐｈｙｓａｌｏｓｐｏｒａｐｉ…     

噻嗪酮防治稻飞虱

噻嗪酮对水稻稻飞虱有较好的防效,为了更快地应用推广,1985年我们应用了25％噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂和5％噻嗪酮+20％叶蝉散可湿性粉剂分别进行了早稻白背飞虱和晚稻褐飞虱的田间药效试验。并取得了较好的防效。兹将试验结果总结如下。一、药剂种类及来源供试药剂:25％噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂,5％噻嗪酮+20％叶蝉散的可湿性粉剂,对照药剂为2％叶蝉散粉剂。以上药剂均由湖南省植保站提供。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。