金属粉末注射成型催化脱脂料POM/PP/Ti的流变行为及脱脂工艺

利用聚甲醛(POM)/聚丙烯(PP)复合黏结剂与钛合金粉末制备出催化脱脂型专用料。结果表明:提高粉末含量会使专用料粘度增大,且专用料对温度的敏感性较低,能在较宽范围内注射成型;加入EVA和硬脂酸锂可进一步降低体系的表观粘度。当氮气通入速率为100 cm~3/min,硝酸通入速率为0.010~0.050 cm~3/min时,注射坯脱脂效率高。POM被脱脂去除后,样品依然保持原有的形状与结构。     

YG8硬质合金聚甲醛基黏结剂注射成形工艺的研究

采用以聚甲醛（POM）为主要组元的多组元黏结剂,进行WC-8%Co(YG8)硬质合金注射成形。考察了注射温度、注射压力、保压压力等注射工艺参数对注射生坯组织性能的影响,在草酸气氛中对注射生坯进行催化脱脂后,在真空烧结炉中进行热脱脂和烧结。实验结果表明,在注射温度175℃、注射压力10 MPa、保压压力9 MPa、保压时间5 s、模温60℃的注射工艺下,可获得密度较高且无缺陷的注射生坯。在脱脂温度135℃、草酸气体通入速率10 g·min-1、氮气通入速率50 mL·min-1、脱脂时间8 h的催化脱脂工艺下,注射生坯中POM的脱除率可达到97%以上。在1420℃下真空烧结90 min,可获得相对密度超过99%、抗弯强度和硬度HRA分别达1872 MPa、89.5,钴磁为7.2%的YG8硬质合金烧结体。     

钨基合金增塑粉末挤压成形新技术

采用增塑粉末挤压成形新技术,开发了几种适合钨基合金挤压成形用粘结剂,研究几种配方粘结剂的相容性及挤压、脱脂特性。通过热力学计算和热分析,以及扫描电镜和偏光显微镜观察,发现粘结剂各组元分子间具有较好的相容性。通过优化喂料制备、挤压工艺,分别在60和75℃制备出直径达24mm的大长径比钨基合金棒材。综合采用溶剂-热两步脱脂工艺,实现Ф24mm挤压棒坯的快速无缺陷脱脂。     

金属注射成形17-4PH不锈钢脱脂保形性研究

研究了粘结剂配方，粉末装载量，喂料热力学性质，注射成形工艺等多个因素对金属注射成形17-PH不锈钢脱脂保形性的影响。结果表明具有较高热分解温度，较低熔解热的HDPE作为第2组元的蜡基粘结剂，具有比采用EVA为第2组元的粘结剂更好的保形性能。试样变形率随着粉末装载量，注射压力，注射温度的增加而下降，而且存在一最佳的工艺条件，包括粉末装载量，注射压力，注射温度，此时试样最不容易变形，试样变形比例最小。     

硬质合金增塑粉末螺杆挤压成形

探讨了用于硬质合金粉末螺杆挤压成形技术的新粘结剂制备及挤压棒的组织形貌。新粘结剂由几种低分子量组元与1种热塑性弹性体高分子组元构成。采用溶剂溶解与加热熔融相结合的办法制备粘结剂。室温下，用合适的剪切力搅拌，能很快将粘结剂与YG8粉末混合均匀，制得组成均一的料浆式挤压用喂料。用扫描电子显微镜观察了挤压毛坯的微观组织及脱脂试样的组织结构与缺陷。用热重(TG)与微分热重(DTG)方法研究了热脱脂机理与动力学，发现了三维扩散控制热脱脂的速率。在脱脂的第1阶段，低分子量组元被脱除掉，挤压毛坯内形成了连通毛细孔。在脱脂的第2阶段，剩下的高分子量组元被完全脱除；第2阶段的热脱脂能以较快的升温速率进行。制备出了φ20mm的硬质合金挤压棒。     

粉末注射成形粘结剂组分相容性的热力学判据

对粉末注射成形粘结剂组分的在数进行了计算，并通过实验观察得到了组分相容性的判据。分别以PVB，EVA，PMMA为高分子组分，讨论了它们与低分子量组分PEG的相容性，并通过混炼机混炼和偏光显微镜观察，得到了△G/T〈1、5可供工艺相容、 △G／T＞3．0不相容的热力学判据。     

YT5硬质合金注射成形新型溶剂脱脂工艺研究

脱脂是整个注射成形工艺中的关键步骤。本文以YT5硬质合金为对象,以正庚烷作为溶剂,系统研究了以多组元聚合物为粘结剂的注射坯样的溶剂脱脂行为。考查了粘结剂体系组成、脱脂温度、脱脂时间、样品厚度、样品形状对坯样脱脂率的影响及其原因。实验结果表明:在本实验所使用的三组粘结剂体系中,改进型蜡基粘结剂溶剂脱脂速度最快,脱脂效果最好,40℃、3h条件下该粘结剂体系中能被溶剂溶解的组元的脱除率达到98%;随脱脂温度的升高、脱脂时间的延长,粘结剂脱除率增大;溶剂脱脂初期为扩散控制,后期为溶解控制;粘结剂平均脱除速率与生坯表面积成正比,与生坯厚度成反比;脱脂完成后,脱脂坯边缘和中心组织均匀一致。     

硬质合金注射成形多组元聚合物粘结剂的溶剂脱脂工艺研究

以YT5硬质合金为对象，以正庚烷作为溶剂，系统研究了以多组元聚合物为粘结剂的注射坯样的溶剂脱脂行为。考查了粘结剂体系组成、脱脂温度、脱脂时间、样品厚度、样品形状对坯样脱脂率的影响及其原因。结果表明：在3组粘结剂体系中，改进型蜡基粘结剂溶剂脱脂速度最快，脱脂效果最好，40℃，3h条件下该粘结剂体系中能被溶剂溶解的组元的脱除率达到98％；随脱脂温度的升高，脱脂时间的延长，粘结剂脱除率增大；溶剂脱脂初期为扩散控制，后期为溶解控制；粘结剂平均脱除速率与生坯表面积成正比，与生坯厚度成反比；脱脂完成后，脱脂坯边缘和中心组织均匀一致。     

应用于陶瓷注射成型技术的SIPM-PEG 基水溶性粘结剂

研究了水溶性聚酯SIPM-PEG作为水溶性粘结剂在陶瓷注射成型技术中的应用.通过分子量分别为200和400的聚乙二醇(PEG)与间苯二甲酸二甲酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPM)的缩聚反应制备了2种水溶性聚酯,并且将乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)作为骨架粘结剂,制备了Al2O3注射料.研究了粘结剂的组成和各组分的含量对Al2O3注射料的水脱脂速率、流变性和生坯强度的影响.     

YT5硬质合金注射成形

开发了一种适合于硬质合金注射成形的“改进型蜡基粘结剂”和一种称作“高压冷凝溶剂脱脂”的新的脱脂方法。实验结果表明 :使用该粘结剂 ,硬质合金注射混合料流变性能良好 ,临界固体粉末装载量达到 6 5 %。新的脱脂方法脱脂速率快 ,脱脂坯强度高。采用优化的工艺制备了 PIM YT5硬质合金试样 ,其抗弯强度、硬度和密度分别达到2 10 0 MPa、HRA 90 .4和 12 .83g/cm3 ,制品保形性良好 ,尺寸偏差小于± 0 .0 4m m。     

Novel PEG-based binder system and its debinding properties for MIM

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｔａｌｐｏｗｄｅｒｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎｍｏｌｄｉｎｇ (ＭＩＭ )ｉｓａｎｅ ｍｅｒｇｉｎｇａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｎｅｔ ｓｈａｐｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｏｆ ｆｅｒｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｐｏｗ ｄｅｒｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ .Ｔｈｉｓｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｈａｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎａｎｄｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｎｅｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ[1～ 4 ] .…     

IMPROVEMENT OF RHEOLOGICAL AND SHAPE RETENTION PROPERTIES OF WAX-BASED MIM BINDER BY MULTI-POLYMER COMPONENTS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｔａｌｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎｍｏｌｄｉｎｇ（ＭＩＭ）ｉｓａｎｅｍｅｒｇｉｎｇｎｅｔｓｈａｐｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｃａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｍｅｔａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎ?..     

Development of wax-oil-polyethylene binder for Fe-2Ni powder injection molding

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｔａｌｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎｍｏｌｄｉｎｇ (ＭＩＭ )ｉｓａｎｅｗｌｙｄｅ ｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｆｏｒｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅ ｓｈａｐｅｄｍｅｔａｌｓａｎｄａｌｌｏｙｓ[1,2 ] .ＤｅｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｉｓｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｓｔｅｐｉｎＭＩＭ ,ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｏｆｂｉｎｄｅｒｓａｒｅｃｏｒｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ.Ｔｈｅｕｓｕａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｒｅｍｏｖｉｎｇｂｉｎｄｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｒｍａｌｄｅｂｉｎｄｉｎｇ ,ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,ｔｈｅ …     

Powder injection molding of WC–8%Co tungsten cemented carbide

An improved wax-based multi-component binder was developed for powder injection molding of tungsten cemented carbide. A critical powder loading of 65 vol.% and an ideal rheological properties were obtained by the feedstock based on the binder. An ideal control of carbon content was achieved by thermal debinding in 75 vol.%N₂/25 vol.%H₂ atmosphere, which balanced the decarbonization effect of H₂ and the carburation effect of N₂. Solvent debinding followed by subsequent thermal debinding could substantially increase the debinding rate, and it is more flexible and adjustable to debinding atmosphere. The transverse rupture strength, hardness and density of the as-sintered specimens made by an optimized powder injection molding process were 2500 MPa, HRA90 and 14.72 g cm⁻³ respectively. Good shape retention and ±0.02 mm dimension deviation were achieved.     

Influence of paraffin wax characteristics on the formulation of wax-based binders and their debinding from green molded parts using two comparative techniques

The influence of paraffin wax characteristics on the formulation of wax-based binders has been examined. Four paraffin waxes (PW₁, PW₂, PW₃ and PW₄) were physically and molecularly evaluated and four binder systems 1–4 were formulated by mixing the major binder consisting of the paraffin wax with stearic acid (SA) and the minor binder; poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA). Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to evaluate the thermal characteristics of the pure binder components and the formulated binder systems. Also, the rheological properties of the formulated binder systems and feedstock were studied to measure their viscosities. Data indicated that the binder system no. 4 consisted of 35 wt.% EVA (containing vinyl acetate content of 9 wt.%), 62 wt.% of PW₄ and 3 wt.% of SA is the preferable binder for powder compression or injection molding. Also, in order to compare between the two debinding techniques (solvent evaporation–condensation and solvent immersion techniques) to extract the soluble binder components (paraffin wax and SA) completely from the green molded parts, powder compression molded parts were prepared and subjected to both techniques. It can be concluded that solvent immersion is a preferable technique as it saves the amount of solvent used as compared with the evaporation–condensation technique. Consequently, the solvent immersion technique using cyclohexane solvent at extraction temperature of 40 °C and after extraction time of 5 h are the most suitable conditions for extracting the major binder and SA constituents completely from the binder mixture in the green molded part.     

铌合金注射成形脱脂工艺研究

设计了一种适合于铌合金注射成形的低残碳粘结剂体系,为68％PW-5％LDPE-22％PMMA-5％SA（质量分数）,并研究其脱脂工艺。结果表明：脱脂时间、温度及样品厚度对溶剂脱脂率影响显著。采用三氯乙烯为溶剂,在脱脂温度为40℃,溶剂脱脂6h,即可使粘结剂脱除率达到52．8％,使后继热脱脂时间缩短至7．5h。以粘结剂的DSC差热分析结果为指导,可快速制定合理的热脱脂工艺,在真空热脱脂气氛条件下可使脱脂坯残余碳、氧含量得到有效控制,分别为0．18％．0．25％．     

硬质合金注射成形脱脂过程中的碳含量控制

研究了不同脱脂气氛 (不同比例N2 与H2 的混合气体 )和脱脂方法 (热脱脂、溶剂脱脂 热脱脂、冷凝蒸汽脱脂 热脱脂 )对PIM硬质合金脱脂坯及合金碳含量的影响。结果表明 :N2 热脱脂粘结剂容易以炭黑的形式残留在脱脂坯中 ,造成合金增碳 ;H2 热脱脂导致合金脱碳 ;75 %N2 2 5 %H2 (体积分数 )混合气体热脱脂既能有效地脱除粘结剂 ,又能保证合金碳含量相对稳定 ;溶剂脱脂和冷凝溶剂脱脂能显著缩短脱脂时间 ,而且由于高温保持时间短 ,在后续热脱脂过程中采用H2 作保护气也可获得满意的碳含量 ,说明该方法对工艺条件的适应性强。通过调整热脱脂高温保持时间 ,可在一定范围内对脱脂坯的碳含量进行调整 ,说明过程的可调控性好。与溶剂脱脂相比 ,冷凝蒸气脱脂粘结剂脱除率更高 ,脱脂坯有较高的强度 ,有效地防止了脱脂坯软化变形的现象。     

Rapid debinding of 316L stainless steel injection moulded component

Wax-based binder system is widely used but they suffer from long debinding time and a tendency to slump or distort during debinding. This has been a major obstacle for the economic process for metal injection moulding (MIM). For improving the debinding process, two-step debinding process has been introduced. Gas-atomised 316L stainless steel powder was injection moulded using two types of multi-component binder system comprising (1) a major fraction of paraffin wax and a minor fraction of polyethylene (PE) and stearic acid (SA) as a lubricant, (2) a major fraction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a minor fraction of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) binder system. Debinding was carried out in two steps; first, the moulded part is immersed in heptane or distilled water at 60 °C to remove the major component of the binder and then heated to remove the remaining binder. The results show that no swelling or distortion was observed on the moulded specimens on both binder systems. Furthermore, the specimens had an adequate strength for handling even after solvent extraction. Large pore were formed from the surface to the interior of the debound part during solvent extraction, allowed easy escape of pyrolysis gases during thermal debinding. Thermal debinding with ramp heating at rates from 3 to 15 °C/min was found to be successful.