氢氧化铝对NBR硫化胶阻燃性能的影响

通过测定经胶燃烧速率和离火熄灭时间来考察氢氧化铝对沉淀法白炭黑补强的ＮＢＲ硫化胶的阻燃效果。研究结果表明,氢氧化铝对沉淀法白炭黑补强的ＮＢＲ硫化胶具有良好的阻燃效果。在氢氧化铝的用量不超过１００份进,随着氢氧化铝用量增大,硫化胶的燃烧速率降低和离火熄灭时间缩短;氢氧化铝用量为６０￣８０份时,硫化胶的阻赫然用物理性能达到最佳平衡。氢氧化铝与三氧化二锑或硅橡胶并用能产生较好的阻燃协同效应。     

阻燃剂对热固性酚醛树脂阻燃性能影响的研究

通过氧指数、垂直燃烧等级及产烟率测定研究了氢氧化铝(ATH)、氢氧化镁(MH)、膨胀石墨(EG)、膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)等以单一或协同复配的形式对酚醛树脂(PF)体系阻燃性能的影响,并采用差热分析(DTA)对体系的微观热行为进行了研究。结果表明,放热量最小的体系为ATH/MH/EG/PF,ATH/MH/EG/IFR/PF体系的氧指数最大,达到96。ATH/MH/PF体系的产烟率最低(72%)。添加阻燃剂后,体系的垂直燃烧等级可提高到UL94V-0级。     

EPDM/PP TPV阻燃性能的研究

采用氢氧化镁为主阻燃剂,配合使用十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）、三氧化二锑和配合剂A（一种有机硅高分子材料）,研究四者对EPDM/PP热塑性硫化胶（EPDM/PP TPV）性能的影响.结果表明,加入氢氧化镁会降低EPDM/PP TPV的物理性能,配合使用DBDPE和三氧化二锑时,EPDM/PP TPV的阻燃性能增幅较大、物理性能变化不大,对EPDM/PP TPV的流变性能影响较小;加入配合剂A,EPDM/PP TPV的氧指数大幅提高,物理性能降低,流变性能得到改善.EPDM/PP TPV的最佳阻燃配方为：EPDM/PP TPV 100,氢氧化镁 50,DBDPE 20,三氧化二锑 7,配合剂A 5。     

纸面稻草板阻燃性能的改进研究

本文就纸面稻草板阻燃性能及其环保安全进行探讨。在覆面胶粘剂中加入氮-磷阻燃剂增强耐火性，结果表明：阻燃剂含量25％时，阻燃效果良好，耐火极限明显延长；同时将胶粘剂中游离甲醛含量降低至0．063％，达到国家的环保要求。     

高抗冲阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物专用料的研制

研究了不同的阻燃方法对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂燃烧性能、力学性能及加工性能的影响。单独添加低分子阻燃剂或自熄性聚合物无法使ABS在获得阻燃性的同时具有良好的力学、加工性能。当Sb2O3与聚氯乙烯(PVC)复配使用,且m(ABS)∶m(PVC)=(70∶30)～(30∶70)时,在氯化聚乙烯(CPE)及自制相容剂等的配合使用下,合金材料获得了优良的综合性能,阻燃级别达FV-0级,熔融指数为0.19g/min,冲击强度达23kJ/m2。     

Synergistic effect of vermiculite on the intumescent flame retardance of polypropylene

Synergistic effects of the natural clays unexfoliated vermiculite (VMT), exfoliated vermiculate (EVMT), and montmorillonite (MMT) on the intumescent flame retardance of polypropylene were investigated systematically with the usual fire testing methods. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of flame‐retardant polypropylene (FRPP) filled with 30 wt % intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) composed of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol were increased from 30 to 33 vol % for VMT and MMT and to 36 vol % for EVMT when 1 wt % IFR was substituted for clay. The synergistic effectivities calculated on the basis of increases in the LOI values were 1.4 for VMT, 1.3 for MMT, and 1.6 for EVMT. Cone calorimetry also revealed the existence of a synergistic effect. EVMT had the best performance for lowering the peak values of the heat release rate and smoke production rate. The thermogravimetric analysis results show that EVMT had the best performance for increasing the char residue of FRPP higher than 650°C compared with VMT and MMT. The high content of iron and the small particle size of EVMT may have been responsible for its high synergistic effect at a low filling level. No remarkable variations of the diffraction peaks were observed in the X‐ray diffraction patterns of the original clay and the clay in FRPP. All of the formulations, with or without clay, exhibited small variations in the mechanical properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

阻燃涤纶结构与染色及阻燃性能

对阻燃涤纶 (F RPET)的结晶度 ,取向度 ,染色性和染色前后纤维的极限氧指数进行了测试 ,并与普通涤纶进行比较 ,证明含磷阻燃剂的阻燃涤纶的结晶度、取向度均低于普通涤纶 ,染色性较普通涤纶好 ,极限氧指数大于 3 1%。     

纳米三氧化二锑阻燃应用分析

介绍了纳米三氧化二锑(Sb₂O₃)的结构与特性,在此基础上,综述了纳米Sb₂O₃表面有机改性及其在基体树脂中分散性的研究进展,包括母粒法、表面活性剂改性、偶联剂改性和原位聚合改性;阐述了Sb2O3的尺寸效应,介绍了纳米Sb₂O₃与含卤阻燃剂及无卤阻燃剂在聚合物材料中的协同阻燃研究进展;最后对Sb₂O₃纳米化的意义和发展方向进行了总结。     

Electrokinetic properties of textile fabrics

This paper reports electrokinetic phenomena concerning the properties of textile fabrics that are crucial for dyeing and finishing processes. These interface phenomena influence the adsorption of surfactants, optical brighteners, dyes and finishing agents due to interaction forces between the fibre surface and solution. Zeta potential, isoelectric point, point of zero charge and the amount of surface charge of standard adjacent fabrics (cotton, wool, viscose rayon, polyamide, polyester and acrylic) have been determined. Electrokinetic potential was measured by a method involving streaming potential/current using an electrokinetic analyser. The specific amount of surface charge was calculated by a back-titration method.     

Thermal degradation and flame retardance of epoxy resins containing a microencapsulated flame retardant

Two steps were used in the synthesis of a microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant (MIFR). First bis (1‐oxo‐2,6,7‐trioxa‐l‐phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐4‐methylol) phosphate melaminium salt (Melabis) was synthesized. Then the Melabis was encapsulated with melamine resin to obtain the MIFR. Its structure was characterized by XPS, SEM, and elemental analysis, and the factors affecting microencapsulation were identified and discussed. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with the MIFR to prepare flame‐retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests. The microcapsules (20% by weight) were added to EP in order to achieve an LOI of 29.5% and a UL 94 rating of V‐0. The thermal properties of epoxy resins containing the MIFR were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The FR decreased by weight loss, R_max (the maximum weight loss rate), and the thermal stability of EP while promoting the formation of an effective charring layer. The char structures were studied by SEM. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Adhesion to textile fibres and fabrics

The production of textile fibres and the end-uses for textile-based materials continue to expand each year as the globalisation of the textile and clothing industries takes place. There is a wide range of natural and manufactured fibres available, but satisfactory adhesion to fibres, yarns and fabrics depends upon the nature of the fibre surface, the presence of natural or added impurities, and the effects of physical and chemical treatments. For aesthetic reasons, many textile materials are bleached, dyed and/or printed, and chemical finishing treatments are widely used in order to upgrade the fabric performance. Such treatments may modify the fibre surface energy, and the wetting and spreading processes, thereby creating difficulties in obtaining satisfactory adhesion to textile materials that are flexible, and may be moulded, bonded, coated or laminated. This paper will address some of the problem areas in relation to adhesion to fibres and fabrics, with reference also to problems that may be experienced in practice. Satisfactory adhesion to fibres and fabrics may be obtained when the material is dry, but failure of the adhesive joints may occur during aftercare treatments, e.g. washing and dry cleaning treatments.     

新型磷硅改性环氧树脂阻燃性能研究

采用聚苯基硅氧烷(PPMS)、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)与双酚A型环氧树脂合成了新型的含磷硅环氧树脂(Si-P-EP),通过红外谱确认了其结构。将Si-P-EP与纯环氧树脂复配制备得到复合物Si-P-EP/EP,对其进行了氧指数和水平燃烧测试并通过红外光谱对燃烧后的残炭结构进行了分析。结果表明,Si-P-EP/EP的氧指数有所提高,水平火蔓延速率由27.27 mm/min降低到20.13 mm/min,Si-P-EP/EP燃烧后生成了含磷硅的炭层,从而提高了环氧树脂的阻燃性能。     

高岭土/NR插层纳米复合材料的结构和阻燃性能研究

采用两步插层法制备高岭土／NR插层纳米复合材料，并对其结构和阻燃性能进行研究。结果表明，在二甲基亚砜以及带有环氧基团的改性剂的分别作用下，NR大分子链实现了对高岭土的插层，高岭土片层以纳米尺寸均匀分散在NR中；与NR和填充型高岭土／NR复合材料相比，高岭土／NR插层纳米复合材料的热释放速率和质量损失均减小，阻燃性能得到改善。     

DOPO-based curing flame retardant of epoxy composite material for char formation and intumescent flame retardance

Phosphorus-containing flame retardant (HBAEA-DOPO) for epoxy resin was synthesized by addition reaction of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) with bis[2-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl]amine (HBAEA) that was synthesized via 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with diethylenetriamine. HBAEA-DOPO was mixed with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone to co-cure the epoxy resin of diglycidyl ether bisphenol A. The silane modified nano-silica (nano-SiO₂) was used to reinforce the epoxy resin. Thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of the cured epoxy materials were studied with the use of thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Flame retardance and burning behavior were evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test, and the cone calorimetry. The cured epoxy materials have excellent thermal stability, and the temperatures at the maximum weight loss rate are over 384.0°C. The characteristic temperature corresponding to 5.00 wt% of thermal decomposition reaches 341.5°C as 1.00 wt% of phosphorus content is loaded. Flame retardant grade meets the V-0 level. The fire residue mass gradually increases with HBAEA-DOPO and nano-SiO₂. The characteristics of high flame retardance and smoke suppression of HBAEA-DOPO and nano-SiO₂ on the cured epoxy composites have been demonstrated to be related to char formation and intumescent flame retardance in the condensed phase.     

新型含磷阻燃环氧树脂的合成与表征

以2-(5,5-二甲基-4-苯基-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环已烷膦酸酯基)-对苯二酚和双酚A 二缩水甘油酯合成了一新型的含环状膦酸酯结构的阻燃环氧树脂(DPODB-EP).采用元素分析、红外光谱(FTIR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对该含磷环氧树脂的结构和相对分子质量分布进行了表征.采用示差扫描量热法(DSC))和热失重法(TG)对DPODB-EP/PN固化物热性能进行了测试,发现该固化物具有较高的玻璃化转变温度(165℃)和较高的燃烧残炭率(700℃,31%).阻燃性能测试表明该固化物具有较好的阻燃效果,在磷的质量分数为2.25%时其极限氧指数可达29.5%.     

环保型阻燃丙烯酸酯压敏胶的制备与性能研究

以自制环三磷腈单体——(2-烯丙基苯氧基)五苯氧基环三磷腈(APPCP)为阻燃剂,丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和丙烯酸异辛酯(EHA)为软单体、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为硬单体、丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为交联单体,采用共聚法制备出一种新型丙烯酸酯PSA(压敏胶)。研究结果表明:当m(BA)∶m(EHA)∶m(MMA)∶m(AA)∶m(MAA)=62.5∶18.8∶6.2∶7.5∶5.0、w(APPCP)=10%时,PSA的综合粘接性能相对最好,并且其起始热分解温度超过200℃,600℃时残炭率超过10%,燃烧等级(UL-94)达到VTM-0级,极限氧指数(LOI)为27.9%,完全满足环保型无卤阻燃丙烯酸酯PSA的使用要求。     

Maleimide-epoxy resins: preparation, thermal properties, and flame retardance

Maleimide modified epoxy compounds were prepared through reacting N-(4-hydroxylphenyl)maleimide (HPM) with diglycidylether of bisphenol-A. Triphenylphosphine and methylethylketone were utilized in the reactions as a catalyst and a solvent, respectively. The resulting compounds possessed both oxirane ring and maleimide group. The kinetics of the curing reactions of the maleimide-epoxy compounds and amine curing agents, 4,4-diaminodipheylmethane (DDM) and dicyandiamide (DICY), were studied. Incorporation of maleimide groups into epoxy resins provided cyclic imide structure and high cross-linking density to the cured resins, to bring high glass transition temperatures (179 °C) and good thermal stability (above 380 °C) to the cured resins. High char yields in the thermogravimetric analysis and high limited oxygen index values (25.5-29.5) were also observed for the cured resins to impy their good flame retardance.