基于密度峰值和模糊聚类的欠定混叠矩阵估计

传统聚类算法进行混叠矩阵估计时存在的聚类中心个数不确定和初始聚类中心的随机选取导致陷入局部最优的问题,为此提出一种基于密度峰值的改进模糊聚类算法进行欠定盲源分离的混叠矩阵估计。通过短时傅里叶变换提取信号在频域中的稀疏特性,利用寻找密度峰值聚类算法(clustering by fast search and find of density peaks, CFSFDP)自动获取聚类簇的数目和初始聚类中心;将获得的聚类数目和聚类结果作为模糊聚类算法(fuzzy c-means clustering, FCM)的初始输入参数,提高FCM聚类结果的精度。实验结果表明,该算法可以准确估计源信号的数目,相比传统FCM、层次聚类、基于密度峰值改进的粒子群等聚类算法,可以有效提高欠定盲源分离的混叠矩阵估计精度。     

基于Web-Log Mining的Web文档聚类

速度和效果是聚类算法面临的两大问题.DBSCAN(density based spatial clustering of applications with noise)是典型的基于密度的一种聚类方法,对于大型数据库的聚类实验显示了它在速度上的优越性.提出了一种基于密度的递归聚类算法(recursive density based clustering algorithm,简称RDBC),此算法可以智能地、动态地修改其密度参数.RDBC是基于DBSCAN的一种改进算法,其运算复杂度和DBSCAN相同.通过在Web文档上的聚类实验,结果表明,RDBC不但保留了DBSCAN高速度的优点,而且聚类效果大大优于DBSCAN.     

一种基于密度的快速聚类方法

具有噪声的基于密度的聚类方法（Density based spatial clustering of applications with noise, DBSCAN）在数据规模上的扩展性较差。本文在其基础 上提出一种改进算法——具有噪声的基于密度的快速聚类方法(Fast density based spat ial clustering of applications with noise, F DBSCAN),对核心对象邻域中的对象只 作标记,不再进行扩展检查,通过判断核心对象邻域中是否存在已标记对象来实现簇合并,对 边界对象判断其邻域中是否存在核心对象来确认是否为噪声。此方法避免了原始算法中对重叠区域 的重复操作,在不需创建空间索引的前提下,其时间复杂度为O(nlogn)。通过实验数据集和 真实数据集,验证其聚类效果及算法效率。实验表明F DBSCAN算法不仅保证了有良好的聚 类效果及算法效率,并且在数据规模上具有良好的扩展性。     

基于改进蜂群聚类的欠定盲源分离

针对欠定盲分离中混合矩阵估计精度不高的问题,采用了改进的人工蜂群（ABC）聚类算法。从观测信号的线性聚类特点和蜂群的多样性考虑,改进雇佣蜂的搜索策略,从而加快算法的收敛速度。同时,引入基于Levy飞行的局部搜索方法,进一步对当前最优解的邻域进行搜索,提高ABC算法局部开发能力。仿真结果表明,该方法在源个数较多的情况下仍然有较高的混合矩阵估计精度。     

基于GASA-FCM混合聚类与霍夫变换的欠定混合矩阵估计

针对模糊C-均值聚类(fuzzy C-means clustering,FCM)算法在欠定混合矩阵估计中精度低、鲁棒性差的缺点,提出一种基于遗传模拟退火优化FCM(GASA-FCM)混合聚类和霍夫变换的欠定混合矩阵估计算法。该算法首先结合了模拟退火算法(simulated annealing algorithm,SA)全局搜索、高精度的优点和遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)强大的空间搜索能力,将经遗传模拟退火算法得到的聚类中心点赋给FCM,避免了初值选择的随机性。再利用霍夫变换对聚类得到的每一类数据的中心进行修正,提高混合矩阵的估计精度。实验结果表明,提出的算法明显改善了算法的稳定性和混合矩阵估计精度,具有一定的有效性和可行性。     

基于线性阵列的欠定盲源分离几何分析

采用线性阵列对欠定盲源分离问题进行建模,研究源信号的空间分布对欠定盲源分离的影响.利用二步法和稀疏分量分析解决欠定盲源分离问题,其中,混合矩阵的估计主要利用稀疏源信号的线性混合信号沿混合矩阵列向量方向线性聚类的特性.理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,当源信号在空间处于某些特定区域时,若采用线性聚类方法,混合矩阵是不可估计的,...     

蚁群聚类的欠定盲源分离方法

利用欠定盲源分离情况下稀疏源信号具有直线聚类的特点,提出了一种估计混叠矩阵的新方法。通过对混叠信号进行标准化处理,使混叠信号形成球形簇,将线性聚类转变成致密聚类;利用蚁群聚类算法对其进行搜索得到聚类中心,从而获得对混叠矩阵的精确估计。该方法能实现源信号数目未知情况下的欠定盲源分离,且能推广到三路或更多路观测信号的情况。对语音信号的仿真结果证明,该方法能精确地分离和恢复原始信号。     

基于势函数与压缩感知的欠定盲源分离

传统的基于K均值聚类算法及最小路径法的欠定盲源分离两步法存在K值难以确定,对初始值敏感,噪声和奇异点难以排除以及相对缺乏理论依据等诸多不足,针对以上问题,提出了基于势函数及压缩感知理论的新型两步算法。该算法首先利用多峰值粒子群寻优算法改进的势函数法来估计混合矩阵,然后利用估计矩阵来构建传感矩阵,并将基于正交匹配追踪的压缩感知算法引入欠定盲源分离过程中,最终实现源信号的重构。仿真实验结果表明,混合矩阵最高估计精度达到99.13%,重构信号干扰比均高于10dB,很好的满足了重构精度的要求,验证了本文算法的有效性。所提算法对一维混合信号的欠定盲源分离具有良好的普适性和较高的准确率。     

基于数据场的改进DBSCAN聚类算法

DBSCAN(density based spatial clustering of applications with noise)算法是一种典型的基于密度的聚类算法。该算法可以识别任意形状的类簇,但聚类结果依赖于参数Eps和MinPts的选择,而且对于一些密度差别较大的数据集,可能得不到具有正确类簇个数的聚类结果,也可能将部分数据错分为噪声。为此,利用数据场能较好描述数据分布,反映数据关系的优势,提出了一种基于数据场的改进DBSCAN聚类算法。该算法引入平均势差的概念,在聚类过程中动态地确定每个类的Eps和平均势差,从而能够在一些密度相差较大的数据集上得到较好的聚类结果。实验表明,所提算法的性能优于DBSCAN算法。     

基于势函数与压缩感知的欠定盲源分离

传统的基于K均值聚类算法及最小路径法的欠定盲源分离(BSS)两步法存在K值难以确定、对初始值敏感、噪声和奇异点难以排除以及相对缺乏理论依据等诸多不足。针对以上问题,提出了基于势函数及压缩感知理论的新型两步算法。首先利用多峰值粒子群寻优算法改进的势函数法来估计混合矩阵;然后利用估计矩阵来构建传感矩阵,并将基于正交匹配追踪的压缩感知算法引入欠定盲源分离过程中;最后实现源信号的重构。仿真实验结果表明,混合矩阵最高估计精度达到99.13%,重构信号干扰比均高于10 dB,很好地满足了重构精度的要求,验证了所提算法的有效性。所提算法对一维混合信号的欠定盲源分离具有良好的普适性和较高的准确率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。