The reaction engineering of electrochemical cells—I. Axial packed bed electrodes

It is shown that the graphical method of solving the coupled equations for an endothermic reaction in a plug-flow, non-isothermal reactor can be extended to electrochemical reactions in three-dimensional electrodes. The method of solution is described and as a first example, it has been applied to a simple reversible reaction in an axial packed bed electrode. The sensitivity to various parameters has been examined. The method is ideally suited to computer-aided design procedures.     

拼合原理及其在新药设计中的应用

新药研发的主要任务是药物先导化合物的发现以及先导化合物的结构优化.而结构拼合越来越成为设计和开发新药物先导化合物的重要方法之一,为新药的研制工作开创了一个新的局面.就目前有关结构拼合研究的基本理论、基本方法分类、发展趋势及其在研制新药的先导化合物中的应用实例进行了综述.     

Electrochemical reaction engineering of polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Although fuel cells can be considered as a type of reactor, methods of kinetic analysis and reactor modeling from the viewpoint of chemical reaction engineering have not yet been established. The rate of an electrochemical reaction is a function of concentration, temperature, and interfacial potential difference (or electromotive force). This study examined the cathode reaction in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, in which oxygen and protons react over platinum in the catalyst layer (CL). The effects of the oxygen partial pressure and the cathode electromotive force on the reaction rate were assessed. Resistance to proton transport increases the electromotive force and reducing the reaction rate. It was established that the effectiveness factor of the cathode CL is determined by competition between the reaction and mass transport of oxygen and protons. Two dimensionless moduli that govern the cathode behavior are proposed as a means of depicting the processes in the cell. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 249–256, 2017     

The coming-of-age of chemical reaction engineering

This paper takes a look at the creation, logic, growth patterns, status, and prospects for chemical reaction engineering.     

Statistical optimization of Rhodamine B removal by factorial design using reaction rate constant in electrochemical reaction

This study elucidates the reduction of Rhodamine B (RhB) color through electrochemical oxidation technique. Effects of current density, electrolyte type, electrolyte concentration, air flow rate and pH on the RhB color removal were investigated. The 2⁴ full factorial design was used to investigate the individual and combined effects of the current density, NaCl concentration, air flow rate, and pH. Also, this study tested the reaction constant rate (k) regression models as an alternative response surface model for the optimization of operating conditions. Increase of pH decreased the RhB color removal efficiency. At the same time, the increase of current density, NaCl concentration, air flow rate also increased the RhB color removal efficiency. From the 2⁴ factorial design, it was found that the individual main effects and four interaction effects (combined effects) of the independent variables were statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, the prediction results of the RhB concentration using the k regression models showed a nonlinear pattern which was similar to the actual experimental results. In the RhB color removal reactions, the 1 ^st order k regression model showed a smaller prediction error than the 2 ^nd order k regression model.     

CADWorx三维工程设计软件在化纤工程设计中的应用

介绍了工厂设计软件CADWorx2010,指出工厂设计三维化的优势。通过设计实例,说明了应用CADWorx工程设计软件进行建模,生成单线IGO图及自动生成材料表的过程。该设计软件简化工程师工作量的同时也增加了设计的准确性。     

Highlights during the development of electrochemical engineering

Over the last century, electrochemical engineering has contributed significantly to societal progress by enabling development of industrial processes for manufacturing chemicals, such as chlorine and the Nylon precursor adiponitrile, as well as a wide range of metals including aluminium and zinc. In 2011, ca. 17 M tonne Cu p.a. was electro-refined to 99.99%+ purity required by electrical and electronic engineering applications, such as for electrodepositing with exquisite resolution multi-layer inter-connections in microprocessors. Surface engineering is widely practised industrially e.g. to protect steels against corrosion e.g. by electroplating nickel or using more recent novel self-healing coatings. Complex shapes of hard alloys that are difficult to machine can be fabricated by selective dissolution in electrochemical machining processes. Electric fields can be used to drive desalination of brackish water for urban supplies and irrigation by electrodialysis with ion-permeable membranes; such fields can also be used in electrokinetic soil remediation processes. Rising concerns about the consequences of CO₂ emissions has led to the rapidly increasing development and deployment of renewable energy systems, the intermittency of which can be mitigated by energy storage in e.g. redox flow batteries for stationary storage and novel lithium batteries with increased specific energies for powering electric vehicles, or when economically viable, in electrolyser-fuel cells. The interface between electrochemical technology and biotechnology is also developing rapidly, with applications such as microbial fuel cells.     

Some aspects of electrochemical engineering

After a short discussion of the concept of electrochemical engineering, the immediate history of electrochemical process engineering (EPE) is briefly mentioned. Topics then considered are electrolytic reactor design, process modelling and optimisation, and the development and scale-up of electroorganic processes. The article concludes with an assessment of the present state of EPE.     

The reaction engineering of the anionic polymerization of isoprene

The anionic solution polymerization of isoprene with n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) initiator and tetramethylethylenediame (TMEDA) modifier or n-butyllithium (n-BuLi)initiator and tripiperidinophosphine (TPPO) modifier was studied and kinetic and reactor models are proposed for both systems. Reactor conversion, molecular weight distribution, and polymer glass transition temperature had been calculated from the model and compared favorably to actual data for various combinations of reactor system and operating conditions. Simulations of the models can be used to design reactor systems, and predict polymer properties of a large-scale operation from results of small-scale batch reactor runs. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The reaction engineering of electrochemical cells—II. Packed bed electrodes with orthogonal flow of current and solution

The analogy with an endothermic chemical reaction in a plug-flow non-isothermal reactor has been extended to the case of a packed bed electrode with orthogonal flow of current and solution (flow-by electrode). Comparison of the predicted (macrokinetic) polarisation curves with experimental ones obtained for equimolar ferri/ferrocyanide in alkaline solution in reticulated metal foam electrodes is satisfactory. Information on the microkinetics within the electrode is given implicitly. The sensitivity of the calculation to operating parameters is also discussed.     

价值工程原理在提高氯化苯产量中的应用

介绍了价值工程原理在锦化化工（集团）有限责任公司提高氯化苯产量中的应用及带来的效益。     

科研成果向《化工原理》课程内容的二次转化

为了发挥石油院校的行业特色,结合本校在精馏技术及设备、流态化工程及装备等方面的科研成果,对化工原理课程内容进行了更新,对丰富教材内容、激发学生的求知欲、培养师资队伍等方面起到了积极作用。     

Achievements and tasks of electrochemical engineering

This review of some of the most outstanding achievements of ECE in recent years highlights the role played by new concepts in plant optimization and in the obtention of high space time yields. The application of new materials to the design and construction of electrochemical reactors has also been responsible for the latest breakthroughs in electrochemical industry. The fundamental approach whereby each achievement presented in this survey was made possible should encourage a more extended teaching of electrochemistry in chemical engineering schools.     

An application of Durbin-Watson statistics to electrochemical science

Durbin-Watson statistics provide a means of determining whether adjacent/consecutive residuals related to a simple first-order regression are mutually interdependent, i.e. whether the postulated number of independent variables is sufficient for the sake of modeling. This paper shows three specific applications to linear models fitting electrochemical data.     

Polymer reaction engineering: From reaction kinetics to polymer reactor control

Polymer reaction engineering is a relatively “young”, very broad, multidisciplinary, rapidly developing field. It is the combination of polymer science, chemistry and technology with process engineering principles. The outcome of this high degree of synergism has evolved over the last fifteen or so years towards an area that includes any or all of the following: polymerization and post-polymerization (chemical modification) reaction kinetics; mathematical modelling and process simulation; polymer reactor design and scale-up; sensor development and process monitoring; and polymer reactor optimization, state estimation and computer control. This article will attempt to give an overview of the results obtained in our laboratory over the last seven years from systematic studies of polymer reaction engineering and polymer production technology problems. These problems cover all aspects of polymer reaction engineering mentioned above. Going from fundamentals to practice, the basic premise of the article is that only by adopting a holistic approach can one devise effective strategies in order to achieve the final objective of more efficient polymer reactor design and control, and hence improved production systems of polymeric materials.     

论时尚元素在日用陶瓷设计中的运用

1、引言 中国有着五千年的历史文化背景,陶瓷文化底蕴深厚,是一块丰厚的创作沃土。如何将中国特色的陶瓷文化与世界时尚流行元素有机地结合、融会贯通,创作出更多符合现代社会要求,受到世界推崇喜爱的陶瓷制品,使陶瓷设计创作向着更加广阔的领域扩展,是陶瓷设计师不懈的追求。因此,越来越多的设计师从服装设计的时尚元素：     

水系统管路设计原则及应用

水系统是工业生产的重要组成部分,管路是水系统得以正常运行的基本条件之一.对信益二期建设中出现的水系统管路问题进行了分析,对采取的解决方法进行了总结,以指导今后水系统管路设计和确保水系统稳定运行.     

The application of soil mechanics to spouted bed design

The annular material around a spout may be considered to be a loosely packed assembly of particles with its behavior described by effective stresses using the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion as employed in soil mechanics. The work shows the development of a height-independent stress model together with an interpretation of the mathematical results in physical terms. The form of a simple equation for spout diameter is shown which gives some information about the interactions between the spout and the annular material.